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Dose-response associations,physical activity intensity and mortality risk:A narrative review

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Journal of sport and Health science 2024年第1期13卷 24-29页

作者： Ulf Ekelund Miguel Adriano sanchez-Lastra knut Eirik Dalene Jakob Tarp Department of sport Medicine Norwegian School of Sport SciencesOslo 0806Norway Department of Chronic Diseases Norwegian Institute of Public HealthOslo 0213Norway Department of special Didactics Faculty of Education and Sports SciencesUniversity of VigoPontevedra 36005Spain Well-Move Research Group Galicia-Sur Health Research Institute(SERGAS-UVIGO)Vigo 36213Spain

Physical activity is consistently associated with reduced mortality,decreased risk for non-communicable diseases,and improved mental health in observational *** controlled trials and observational Mendelian randomization studies support causal links between physical activity and health ***,the scarcity of evidence from randomized controlled trials,along with their inherent challenges like exposure contrasts,healthy volunteer biases,loss to follow-up,and limited real-world dose-response data,warrants a comprehensive *** review advocates synthesizing insights from diverse study designs to better understand the causal relationship between physical activity,mortality risk,and other health ***,it summarizes recent research since the publication of current physical activity *** observational studies utilizing device-measured physical activity underscore the importance of every minute of activity and suggest that all intensity levels confer health benefits,with vigorous-intensity potentially requiring lower volumes for substantial *** guidelines,informed by device-measured physical activity studies,may offer refined age-specific recommendations,emphasize vigorous-intensity physical activity,and include daily step counts as a simple,easily assessable metric using commercial wearables.

关键词： Accelerometers Non-communicable diseases Public health sedentary behavior

Leisure-time physical activity and all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease in adults with type 2 diabetes:Cross-country comparison of cohort studies

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Journal of sport and Health science 2024年第2期13卷 212-221页

作者： Jakob Tarp Mengyun Luo Miguel Adriano sanchez-Lastra knut Eirik Dalene Borja del Pozo Cruz Mathias Ried-Larsen Reimar Wernich Thomsen Ulf Ekelund Ding Ding Department of Clinical Epidemiology Aarhus University&Aarhus University HospitalAarhus 8200Denmark Prevention Research Collaboration Sydney School of Public HealthThe University of SydneyCamperdownNSW 2006Australia Charles Perkins Centre the University of SydneyCamperdownNSW 2050Australia Department of sports Medicine Norwegian School of Sports SciencesOslo 0806Norway Department of special Didactics Faculty of Education and Sports SciencesUniversity of VigoPontevedra 36005Spain Well-Move Research Group Galicia Sur Health Research Institute(IIS Galicia Sur)SERGAS-UVIGOVigo 36213Spain Department of Chronic Diseases Norwegian Institute of Public HealthOslo 0473Norway Centre for Active and Healthy Ageing Department of Sports Science and Clinical BiomechanicsUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdense 5230Denmark Faculty of Education University of CadizCadiz 11519Spain Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz(INiBICA)Research Unit Puerta del Mar University HospitalUniversity of CadizCadiz 11009Spain The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism&the Centre for Physical Activity Research RigshospitaletUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen 2100Denmark Department of sports science and Clinical Biomechanics University of Southern DenmarkOdense 5230Denmark

Purpose:This study aimed to quantify the dose-response association and the minimal effective dose of leisure-time physical activity(PA)to prevent mortality and cardiovascular disease in adults with type 2 ***:Cross-country comparison of 2 prospective cohort studies including 14,913 and 17,457 population-based adults with type 2 diabetes from the UK and *** leisure-time PA was self-reported and categorized by metabolic equivalent hours per week(MET-h/week)according to World Health Organization recommendations:none,below recommendation(>0-7.49 MET-h/week);at recommended level(7.5-14.9 MET-h/week);above recommendation(>15 MET-h/week).Mortality and cardiovascular disease data were obtained from national ***:During a median follow-up of 12.4 and 9.7 years,in the UK and China cohorts,repectively,higher levels of leisure-time PA were inversely associated with all-cause(1571 and 2351 events)and cardiovascular mortality(392 and 1060 events),mostly consistent with a linear dose-response *** below,at,and above recommendations,compared with no activity,yielded all-cause mortality hazard ratios of0.94(95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.79-1.12),0.90(95%CI:0.74-1.10),and 0.85(95%CI:0.70-1.02)in British adults and 0.87(95%CI:0.68-1.10),0.88(95%CI:0.74-1.03),and 0.77(95%CI:0.70-0.85)in Chinese *** with cardiovascular mortality were more pronounced in British adults(0.80(95%CI:0.58-1.11),0.75(95%CI:0.52-1.09),and 0.69(95%CI:0.48-0.97))but less pronounced in Chinese adults(1.06(95%CI:0.76-1.47),1.01(95%CI:0.80-1.28),and 0.79(95%CI:0.69-0.92)).PA at recommended levels was not associated with lower rates of major adverse cardiovascular events(2345 and 4458 events).Conclusion:Leisure-time PA at the recommended levels was not convincingly associated with lower mortality and had no association with risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in British or Chinese adults with type 2 ***-time PA above current recom

关键词： Complications Epidemiology Exercise Prevention

From EBIT to sEBIT(sustainable EBIT):sustainable Performance Accounting(sPA)Using the Example of CO_(2) Accounting

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Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing 2024年第2期20卷 49-71页

作者： knut Henkel Jenny Lay-Kumar Christian Hiß University of Applied sciences Emden/Leer EmdenGermany Regionalwert Research gGmbH LeipzigGermany Agriculture Food&Beverages sector writing teamLeipzigGermany Regionalwert Leistungen GmbH Freiburg Br.Germany

Corporate sustainability reporting has become increasingly important in recent ***,conventional approaches reach their limits when it comes to quantifying and measuring the actual sustainability performance of a *** article presents a new approach:sustainable Performance Accounting(sPA),which is based on an extension of bookkeeping by including EsG *** enables companies to systematically measure and manage their sustainability *** article provides an overview of the basics of sPA methodology and uses a comprehensive example showing how sPA can be implemented in *** article is aimed at interested readers from science and practice as well as decision-makers who are interested in future-oriented sustainability reporting.

关键词： CO_(2)accounting CO_(2)emissions CsRD EsG(Environmental social Governance) EsG bookkeeping EsG provision EsG asset EsRs integrated financial reporting internalisation of external effects connectivity monetisation of EsG issues sustainability sustainability indicators negative emissions sequestration performance sustainable Performance Accounting(sPA)

Between Early Literary Modernism and Contemporary Post-Postmodernism——Jan Kjrstad Rewrites knut Hamsun’s Novel Hunger 100 Years Later

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外国文学研究 2005年第3期27卷 54-60页

作者： knut Brynhildsvoll professoranddirectoroftheCentreforIbsenstudies UniversityofOslo.

The article is a comparative study of knut Hamsun’s novel Hunger (1890) and Jan Kjrstad’s novel The Brink (1990), focusing on similar motives, topics and references from the point of view of early modernism and post-postmodernism. It sheds light on aesthetic problems concerning how to deal with existential and metaphysical questions viewed against the background of changing historical and philosophical experiences and new ways of poetic expression. The article points out the resemblances and differences between the novels and shows how two of the front figures of modern scandinavian literature meet the challenges of renewing the traditional forms of writing.

关键词： Between and

Is convenience really king? Comparative evaluation of catastrophic costs due to tuberculosis in the public and private healthcare sectors of Viet Nam: a longitudinal patient cost study

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贫困所致传染病(英文) 2024年第2期13卷 17-28页

作者： Nguyen Hoa Binh Quang Vo Luan Nguyen Forse Rachel Jeanette Wiemers Anja Maria Christine Huynh Huy Ba Dong Thuy Thi Thu Phan Yen Thi Hoang Creswell Jacob Dang Thi Minh Ha Nguyen Lan Huu shedrawy Jad L?nnroth knut Nguyen Tuan Dinh Van Dinh Luong Annerstedt Kristi sidney Codlin Andrew James National Lung Hospital Ha Noi Viet Nam Friends for International TB Relief Ha Noi Viet Nam Department of Global Public Health WHO Collaboration Centre On Tuberculosis and Social Medicine Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden stop TB Partnership Geneva Switzerland Pham Ngoc Thach Hospital Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam

Background In Viet Nam, tuberculosis (TB) represents a devastating life-event with an exorbitant price tag, partly due to lost income from daily directly observed therapy in public sector care. Thus, persons with TB may seek care in the private sector for its flexibility, convenience, and privacy. Our study aimed to measure income changes, costs and catastrophic cost incurrence among TB-affected households in the public and private *** Between October 2020 and March 2022, we conducted 110 longitudinal patient cost interviews, among 50 patients privately treated for TB and 60 TB patients treated by the National TB Program (NTP) in Ha Noi, Hai Phong and Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam. Using a local adaptation of the WHO TB patient cost survey tool, participants were interviewed during the intensive phase, continuation phase and post-treatment. We compared income levels, direct and indirect treatment costs, catastrophic costs using Wilcoxon rank-sum and chi-squared tests and associated risk factors between the two cohorts using multivariate *** The pre-treatment median monthly household income was significantly higher in the private sector versus NTP cohort (UsD 868 vs UsD 578;P=0.010). However, private sector treatment was also significantly costlier (UsD 2075 vs UsD 1313;P=0.005), driven by direct medical costs which were 4.6 times higher than costs reported by NTP participants (UsD 754 vs UsD 164;Ps resulted in no significant difference in catastrophic costs between the two cohorts (Private: 55% vs NTP: 52%;P=0.675). Factors associated with catastrophic cost included being a single-person household [adjusted odds ratio [(aOR=13.71; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.36–138.14;P=0.026], unemployment during treatment (aOR=10.86; 95%CI: 2.64–44.60;Pstigma (aOR=37.90; 95%CI: 1.72–831.73;P=0.021).Conclusions Persons with TB in Viet Nam face similarly high risk of catastrophic costs whether treated in the

关键词： Tuberculosis Patient cost Catastrophic cost Private sector Comparative analysis Viet Nam

Colorectal cancer surveillance:What's new and what's next?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第8期20卷 1887-1897页

作者： Johnie Rose knut Magne Augestad Gregory s Cooper Department of Family Medicine and Community Health Case Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOH 44106United States Case Comprehensive Cancer Center Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOH 44106United States Norwegian National Centre of Telemedicine and Integrated Care University Hospitals North NorwayN-9038 Troms?Norway seidman Cancer Center University Hospitals Case Medical CenterClevelandOH 44106United States Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease University Hospitals Case Medical CenterClevelandOH 44106United States

The accumulated evidence from two decades of randomized controlled trials has not yet resolved the question of how best to monitor colorectal cancer(CRC)survivors for early detection of recurrent and metachronous disease or even whether doing so has its intended effect.A new wave of trial data in the coming years and an evolving knowledge of relevant biomarkers may bring us closer to understanding what surveillance strategies are most effective for a given subset of *** best apply these insights,a number of important research questions need to be addressed,and new decision making tools must be *** this review,we summarize available randomized controlled trial evidence comparing alternative surveillance testing strategies,describe ongoing trials in the area,and compare professional society recommendations for *** addition,we discuss innovations relevant to CRC surveillance and outline a research agenda which will inform a more risk-stratified and personalized approach to follow-up.

关键词： Colorectal cancer surveillance Follow-up Recurrence Relapse survivorship

The Claim of the Ideal: Ethics in Ibsen′s Dramas

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外国文学研究 2005年第1期27卷 12-17页

作者： knut Brynhildsvoll the Centre for Ibsen studies University Oslo

这是一组专题论文 ,由六篇论文组成 ,分别从不同的视角讨论了文学伦理学批评。聂珍钊教授从总体上对文学伦理学批评的起源、方法、内涵、思想基础、适用范围、实用价值和现实意义进行了论述。克努特教授以易卜生的戏剧为例 ,不仅讨论了... 详细信息

这是一组专题论文 ,由六篇论文组成 ,分别从不同的视角讨论了文学伦理学批评。聂珍钊教授从总体上对文学伦理学批评的起源、方法、内涵、思想基础、适用范围、实用价值和现实意义进行了论述。克努特教授以易卜生的戏剧为例 ,不仅讨论了易卜生戏剧中的伦理道德问题 ,而且还就文学伦理学发表了自己的重要意见。王宁教授把生态批评同文学伦理学批评结合在一起 ,为我们提供了这种批评同其它批评相结合的范例。刘建军教授以人对自身认识的发展所经历的三个时期为基础 ,用比较的和多学科的观点对文学伦理学批评作了进一步阐释。乔国强教授的论文在一个广阔的思想空间里 ,对文学伦理学批评的定义、思想与理论基础 ,对作家、作品以及读者的价值取向等方面深入阐释了自己的学术见解。邹建军教授从文学伦理学批评的三维指向讨论了它的历史价值、现实意义和方法论启示。这些论文企图说明 ,在目前中国的文学批评出现伦理道德价值缺位的时候 ,我们的文学批评应该肩负起道德责任 ,以实现文学伦理道德价值的回归 ,而文学伦理学批评就是达到这一目标的重要途径。

关键词：易卜生戏剧评论道德观道德规范

Limitations of Freedom in Henrik Ibsen’s Dramas

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外国文学研究 2005年第5期27卷 16-21页

作者： knut Brynhildsvoll Central areas of research are Nordic and Germanic literature from the Romantic Period to Modernism and Post Modernism with an emphasison research ofnovels drama and moderntheories of literature

The article deals with some problems concerning the delimination of individual freedom in Ibsen’s dramas with a special focus on the period after his two philosophical youth dramas Brand and Peer Gynt, hereby emphasising the well known conflicts between will and determination, wish and abilities, rebellion and submission etc. Ibsen deals with this basic conflicts in the realms of marriage, profession and public life. The article intend to reconstruct important parts of the philosophical and socio-cultural context in which the problems of confined freedom are dealt with.

关键词：易卜生国际学术研讨会挪威 2005年文学研究

RELAXATION sOLVERs FOR IDEAL MHD EQUATIONs-A REVIEW

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Acta Mathematica scientia 2010年第2期30卷 621-632页

作者： Christian Klingenberg knut Waagan Departement of Mathematics Würzburg University The University of Maryland CSCAMM4146 CSIC Building#406 Paint Branch DriveCollege Park MD 20742-3289USA

We have developed approximate Riemann solvers for ideal MHD equations based on a relaxation approach in [4], [5]. These lead to entropy consistent solutions with good properties like guaranteed positive density. We describe the extension to higher order and multiple space dimensions. Finally we show our implementation of all this into the astrophysics code FLAsH.

关键词： conservation laws ideal magnetohydrodynamics finite volume schemes en-tropy stable schemes positive schemes