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Ecosystem-driven karst carbon cycle and carbon sink effects

Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering 2022年第2期10卷 99-112页

作者： Cheng Zhang Qiong Xiao Ze-yan Wu knez martin Karst Dynamics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Natural Resources/Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Institute of Karst GeologyChinese Academy of Geological Sciences/International Research Center on Karst Under the Auspices of UNESCOGuilin 541004GuangxiChina Karst Research Institute Slovenian Academy of Sciences and ArtsPostonja弘6230Slovenia

It is recognized that karst processes are actively involved in the current global carbon cycle based on twenty years research,and the carbon sink occurred in karst processes is possibly an important part of“missing sink”in global carbon cycle.In this paper,an overview is given on karst carbon cycle research,and influence factors,formed carbon pools(background carbon sink)and sink increase potentials of current karst carbon cycle are analyzed.Carbonate weathering could contribute to the imbalance item(BIM)and land use change item(ELUC)in the global carbon cycle model,owing to its uptake of both atmospheric CO_(2)(carbon sink effect)and CO_(2) produced by soil respiration(carbon source reduction effect).Karst carbon sink includes inorganic carbon sink resulted from hydrogeochemical process and organic carbon sink generated by aquatic photosynthetic DIC conversion,forming relatively stable river(reservoir)water body or sediment carbon sink.The sizes of both sinks are controlled by terrestrial ecosystems and aquatic ecosystems,respectively.Desertification rehabilitation and carbon sequestration by aquatic plants are two effective ways to increase the carbon sink in karst area.It is estimated that the rate of carbon sink is at least 381000 t CO_(2)/a with vegetation restoration and afforestation in southwest China karst area,while the annual organic carbon sink generated by aquatic photosynthesis is about 84200 t C in the Pearl River Basin.The development of a soil CO_(2) based model for assessment of regional dissolution intensity will help to improve the estimation accuracy of carbon sink increase and potential,thus provide a more clear and efficient karst sink increase scheme and pathway to achieve the goals of“double carbon”.With the deep investigation on karst carbon cycle,mechanism and carbon sink effect,and the improvement of watershed carbon sink measurement methods and regional sink increase evaluation approaches.Karst carbon sink is expected to be included in the list of atmospheric CO_(2) sources/sinks of t

关键词： Karst carbon sink Ecosystem Sink-increase way Carbon pool Rock desertification rehabilitation Aquatic photosynthetic carbon sequestration

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斯洛文尼亚岩溶区草地生长季土壤CO变化及其降雨效应

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地球学报 2024年

作者：章程肖琼汪进良孙平安苗迎郭永丽 Mitja PRELOVSEK martin knez Sa?a MILANOVI? 中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所/联合国教科文组织国际岩溶研究中心自然资源部/广西岩溶动力学重点实验室斯洛文尼亚科学与艺术院岩溶研究所塞尔维亚贝尔格莱德大学水文地质系岩溶水文地质中心

土壤CO2是岩溶作用的核心驱动因子,也是研究土壤呼吸及其与大气CO2源汇关系的核心指标。快速的岩溶动力学和碳循环过程及其对生态系统的敏感性,暗示其在现今全球碳循环中仍在发挥积极作用。本文以斯洛文尼亚第纳尔岩溶区典型草地土壤生... 详细信息

土壤CO2是岩溶作用的核心驱动因子,也是研究土壤呼吸及其与大气CO2源汇关系的核心指标。快速的岩溶动力学和碳循环过程及其对生态系统的敏感性,暗示其在现今全球碳循环中仍在发挥积极作用。本文以斯洛文尼亚第纳尔岩溶区典型草地土壤生态系统为例,开展不同深度土壤温度、水分和土壤CO2含量等指标高分辨率在线监测。监测工作在2021年6—9月草地生长季进行,每10 min记录一组数据。结果表明,土下20 cm、30 cm和50 cm土温均值分别为19.69℃、18.54℃和17.42℃,暗示土温随深度增加逐渐变小。土下20 cm、30 cm和50 cm水分含量均值分别为23.2%、21.7%和24.9%。土壤水分变化主要受降雨控制,降雨强度越大,水分上升幅度越大。土下20cm、30cm和50cm土壤CO2变化范围分别为(1 884～6 705)×10–6、(2 088～5 516)×10–6、(2 771～3 606)×10–6,均值分别为3 578×10–6、3 468×10–6、3 174×10–6。无雨期间土壤水分显示出白天下降,夜晚基本保持不变的阶梯状下降趋势,受土壤水分控制,土壤CO2多日总体变化呈现锯齿状持续降低趋势。不同降雨条件下均出现土壤CO2向下迁移现象,从强降雨过程初期产生的土壤CO2含量快速下降看,表明雨水入渗产生的脉冲效应导致CO2快速向下迁移,进一步进入下伏岩溶含水层,可为碳酸盐岩溶蚀提供CO2驱动力,比较下降幅度与雨前CO2含量,暗示降雨过程中12%～33%的土壤CO2进入岩溶含水层并参与碳酸盐岩溶蚀。监测结果暗示岩溶作用是陆地生态系统碳循环的横向延伸,具有土壤CO2汇效应,也就是说,岩溶作用过程具有缓解土壤CO2向大气释放功能,即减源效应。因此,在研究岩溶区碳循环及其碳汇效应时,应把植被-土壤-碳酸盐岩溶蚀作为一个整体,从岩溶关键带角度,系统开展监测与研究,以期获得岩溶区碳循环过程的完整认识,揭示其碳汇效应,进一步评估岩溶区碳循环在全球碳循环的作用和应对气候变化中的地位。

关键词：土壤CO 土壤水分降雨过程岩溶作用减源效应斯洛文尼亚

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Karren of Mushroom Mountain(Junzi Shan) in the Eastern Yunnan Ridge,Yunnan,China:Karstological and Tourist Attraction

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2010年第2期84卷 424-431页

作者： martin knez Tadej SLABE Karst Research Institute ZRC SAZU Titov trg 26230 PostojnaSlovenia

Mushroom Mountain karren with predominantly flat tops that formed along the stylolites and bedding planes dictated the special features of this karst landscape. Their features and rock relief clearly reflect the geological conditions and development. The subsoil karren with conical tops dissected by subsoil rock relief were exposed from beneath the soil. Below tree vegetation, the subsoil karren are to a great extent covered by moss and lichen, under which they acquire their characteristic shape. On the bare surface they were reshaped by rainwater that carves flutes and solution pans. The old cave that opens below the top of one of the cones reveals the period before its dissection into hills and cones when this part of the karst aquifer was still deep under the water table.

关键词： karst karren cave rock relief development of karst Shizong Yunnan

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Shilin:The Formation of Stone Forests in Various Rock Types(Lunan,Yunnan,China)

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2007年第1期81卷 148-157页

作者： martin knez Tadej SLABE Karst Research Institute ZRC SAZU Titov trg 2 6230 Postojna Slovenia

Shilin is among the most interesting form of stone forest to occur in karst landscapes. They develop from karren subsoil, and their shapes, entire forests or just individual pillars and their rock relief, depend on the conditions under which they were formed, their location in the karst landscape, and above all on the characteristics of the rock： its composition, stratification, and fissuring. Because of the exceptional characteristics of this karst phenomenon in China, we propose that the term ＂shilin＂ be used in the professional literature for this type of stone forest.

关键词： Shilin karst surface development rock relief Lunan Yunnan

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斯洛文尼亚岩溶区草地昼夜尺度土壤CO_(2)含量与土温滞后效应

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第四纪研究 2023年第2期43卷 381-389页

作者：章程肖琼汪进良苗迎 Mitja PRELOVSEK 孙平安郭永丽 martin knez 中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所/联合国教科文组织国际岩溶研究中心自然资源部/广西岩溶动力学重点实验广西桂林541004 斯洛文尼亚科学与艺术院岩溶研究所波斯托尼亚SI-6230

土壤CO_(2)含量及其变化规律研究,关系到土壤呼吸CO_(2)排放通量估算的准确性,昼夜尺度土壤CO_(2)与土温滞后效应形成机理与影响因素是其核心研究内容。本研究以斯洛文尼亚典型岩溶区草地土壤系统为例,开展土壤CO_(2)、土温与土壤水分... 详细信息

土壤CO_(2)含量及其变化规律研究,关系到土壤呼吸CO_(2)排放通量估算的准确性,昼夜尺度土壤CO_(2)与土温滞后效应形成机理与影响因素是其核心研究内容。本研究以斯洛文尼亚典型岩溶区草地土壤系统为例,开展土壤CO_(2)、土温与土壤水分高分辨率监测,分析昼夜尺度土壤CO_(2)与土温滞后效应及其产生原因,讨论滞后程度的多日演变规律及其与土壤水分的关系。结果表明,生长季土壤CO_(2)含量、土壤温度和土壤水分变化分别为1986~6689 ppm、14.69~23.55℃和16.4%~33.3%,均值分别为3578 ppm、19.69℃和23.3%。土壤温度和土壤CO_(2)均呈现出白天上升夜间下降的昼夜变化特征,后者昼夜变幅为176~780 ppm,均值425 ppm。土壤CO_(2)与土温昼夜滞后环呈顺时针方向演变,土壤干化阶段滞后环呈螺旋式下降,降雨期间则表现为螺旋式上升。滞后环的出现主要受光合有效辐射和土壤温度控制,也与土壤微生物种类密切相关,滞后程度受土壤水分含量控制,水分越高滞后效应越显著,水分大于25%时,滞后环宽度值高达300~800 ppm;低水分时滞后效应减弱,此时土壤CO_(2)与土温接近于线性相关。降雨期间土壤CO_(2)有快速下降现象,暗示部分CO_(2)随雨水脉冲过程向下运移,成为下伏碳酸盐岩溶蚀驱动力,为准确估算岩溶区土壤呼吸排放通量和评价岩溶作用的土壤CO_(2)减源效应提供了科学依据。

关键词：土壤CO_(2) 土温滞后效应土壤水分岩溶草地斯洛文尼亚

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斯洛文尼亚岩溶区草地昼夜尺度土壤CO与土温滞后效应

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第四纪研究 2022年

作者：章程肖琼汪进良苗迎 Mitja Prelovsek 孙平安郭永丽 martin knez 中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所/联合国教科文组织国际岩溶研究中心自然资源部/广西岩溶动力学重点实验斯洛文尼亚科学与艺术院岩溶研究所

土壤CO含量及其变化规律研究,关系到土壤呼吸CO排放通量估算的准确性,昼夜尺度土壤CO与土温滞后效应形成机理与影响因素是其核心研究内容。本研究以斯洛文尼亚典型岩溶区草地土壤系统为例,开展土壤CO、土温与土壤水分高分辨率监测,分析... 详细信息

土壤CO含量及其变化规律研究,关系到土壤呼吸CO排放通量估算的准确性,昼夜尺度土壤CO与土温滞后效应形成机理与影响因素是其核心研究内容。本研究以斯洛文尼亚典型岩溶区草地土壤系统为例,开展土壤CO、土温与土壤水分高分辨率监测,分析昼夜尺度土壤CO与土温滞后效应及其产生原因,讨论滞后程度的多日演变规律及其与土壤水分的关系。结果表明,生长季土壤CO含量、土壤温度和土壤水分变化分别为1986～6689ppm、14.69～23.55℃和16.4%～33.3%,均值分别为3578ppm、19.69℃和23.3%。土壤温度和土壤CO均呈现出白天上升夜间下降的昼夜变化特征,后者昼夜变幅为176～780 ppm,均值425 ppm。土壤CO与土温昼夜滞后环呈顺时针方向演变,土壤干化阶段滞后环呈螺旋式下降,降雨期间则表现为螺旋式上升。滞后环的出现主要受光合有效辐射和土壤温度控制,也与土壤微生物种类密切相关,滞后程度受土壤水分含量控制,水分越高滞后效应越显著,水分大于25%时,滞后环宽度值高达300～800 ppm;低水分时滞后效应减弱,此时土壤CO与土温接近于线性相关。降雨期间土壤CO有快速下降现象,暗示部分CO随雨水脉冲过程向下运移,成为下伏碳酸盐岩溶蚀驱动力,为准确估算岩溶区土壤呼吸排放通量和评价岩溶作用的土壤CO减源效应提供了科学依据。

关键词：土壤CO 土温滞后效应土壤水分岩溶草地斯洛文尼亚

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Are TrkB receptor agonists the right tool to fulfill the promises for a therapeutic value of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第1期19卷 29-34页

作者： Marta Zagrebelsky martin Korte Division of Cellular Neurobiology Zoological InstituteTU BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research AG NINDBraunschweigGermany

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling via its receptor tro pomyosin receptor kinase B regulates several crucial physiological processes.It has been shown to act in the brain,promoting neuronal survival,growth,and plasticity as well as in the rest of the body where it is involved in regulating for instance aspects of the metabolism.Due to its crucial and very pleiotro pic activity,reduction of brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels and alterations in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor/tropomyosin receptor kinase B signaling have been found to be associated with a wide spectrum of neurological diseases.Howeve r,because of its poor bioavailability and pharmacological properties,brain-derived neurotrophic factor itself has a very low therapeutic value.Moreover,the concomitant binding of exogenous brain-derived neurotrophic factor to the p75 neurotrophin receptor has the potential to elicit several unwanted and deleterious side effects.Therefo re,developing tools and approaches to specifically promote tropomyosin receptor kinase B signaling has become an important goal of translational research.Among the newly developed tools are different categories of tropomyosin receptor kinase B receptor agonist molecules.In this review,we give a comprehensive description of the diffe rent tro pomyosin receptor kinase B receptor agonist drugs developed so far and of the res ults of their application in animal models of several neurological diseases.Moreover,we discuss the main benefits of tropomyosin receptor kinase B receptor agonists,concentrating especially on the new tropomyosin receptor kinase B agonist antibodies.The benefits observed both in vitro and in vivo upon application of tropomyosin receptor kinase B receptor agonist drugs seem to predominantly depend on their general neuroprotective activity and their ability to promote neuronal plasticity.Moreover,tro pomyosin receptor kinase B agonist antibodies have been shown to specifically bind the tropomyosin receptor kinase B receptor and not p75 neurotrophin rec

关键词： Alzheimer's disease brain-derived neurotrophic factor depression Parkinson's disease tropomyosin receptor kinase B receptor

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Comprehensive Euler/Lagrange modelling including particle erosion for confined gas-solid flows

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Particuology 2024年第1期84卷 209-235页

作者： Guiherme A.Novelletto Ricardo martin Sommerfeld Multiphase Flow Systems Institute of Process EngineeringOtto-von-Guericke-University MagdeburgHoher Weg 7b06120Halle(Saale)Germany

The present research aims to assess the capability of a comprehensive Euler/Lagrange approach for predicting gas-solid flows and the associated solid particle erosion.The open-source code OpenFOAM®4.1 was used to carry out the numerical simulations,where the standard Lagrangian libraries were substantially extended to account for all necessary models.Particles are tracked considering both translational and rotational motion as well as all relevant forces,such as gravity/buoyancy,drag and transverse lift due to shear and particle rotation.The tracking time step was dynamically adapted ac-cording to the locally relevant time scales,which drastically reduces computational times.Stochastic approaches are adopted to model particle turbulent dispersion,particle collisions with rough walls and particle-particle interactions.Five solid particle erosion models,available in the literature,were considered to estimate pipe bend erosion.Three study cases are provided to validate the adopted nu-merical approach and erosion models extensively.The first case intends to evaluate the ability of the extended CFD code to predict the behaviour of gas-solid flows in pneumatic conveying systems.This goal is achieved by comparing the numerical results with the experimental data obtained by Huber(1997)and Huber and Sommerfeld(1994,1998)in a pneumatic conveying system.Here,the importance of considering inter-particle collisions and surface roughness for predicting particle velocity,mass flux and mean diameter distributions in gas-solid flows is highlighted.The second and third case intend to evaluate the ability of the erosion models in estimating bend erosion in diluted gas-solid flows.The erosion data obtained experimentally by Mazumder et al.(2008)and Solnordal et al.(2015)in very dilut pneumatic conveying systems is used for validating the numerical results,neglecting now inter-particle collisions and two-way coupling.Besides a comprehensive analysis of the different influential properties on erosion,the innovation of the present stud

关键词： Pneumatic conveying Pipe bend Numerical calculation(CFD) Euler/Lagrange approach Erosion models Wall roughness

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Differential roles of seed and sprout regeneration in forest diversity and productivity after disturbance

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第3期11卷 371-380页

作者： Marek Mejstrík martin Svatek martina Pollastrini martin Sramek Radim Matula Department of Forest Ecology Faculty of Forestry and Wood SciencesCzech University of Life Sciences PragueKamýcka 12916500PragueCzech Republic Department of Forest Botany Dendrology and GeobiocoenologyFaculty of Forestry and Wood TechnologyMendel University in BrnoZemedelska 361300BrnoCzech Republic Department of Agriculture FoodEnvironment and ForestryUniversity of FirenzePiazzale Delle Cascine 2850144FirenzeItaly

Natural regeneration after disturbances is a key phase of forest development,which determines the trajectory of successional changes in tree species composition and diversity.Regenerating trees can originate from either seeds or sprouts produced by disturbed trees with sprouting ability.Although both regeneration strategies often develop and co-occur after a disturbance,they tend to affect forest development differently due to significant functional differences.However,the origin of tree regeneration is rarely distinguished in post-disturbance forest surveys and ecological studies,and the differential roles of seed and sprout regeneration in forest productivity and diversity remain poorly understood.To address these research gaps,we explored the role of sprout and seed regeneration in the formation of woody species diversity and above-ground biomass(AGB)productivity in early-stage forest development.Data were collected in two experimental forest stands in the Czech Republic,where trees were cut with varying intensities with the density of residual(uncut)trees ranging from 0 to 275 trees per hectare.All trees were mapped and their sizes were measured before cutting and then,either as a stump with sprouts or a residual tree,remeasured 11 years later.In addition,all tree saplings were mapped and measured 11 years after logging,and their origin(sprout or seed)was identified.To assess abundances and productivity,we estimated AGB of all2,685 sprouting stumps of 19 woody species and 504 generative(i.e.,seed origin)individuals of 16 woody species,using allometric equations.Mixed-effects models were used to analyze the effects of each regeneration strategy on woody species diversity and the total AGB under varying densities of residual trees.Nonmetric multidimensional scaling was used to evaluate the effect of regeneration strategies on species composition.AGB and diversity of sprouts were significantly higher than those of seed regeneration.Sprouts formed on average97.1%of the total regeneration AGB in H ady and 98.6%in

关键词： Resprouting Seeding Residual trees Tree diversity Above-ground biomass

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Increased number of symptoms during the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection in athletes is associated with prolonged time to return to full sports performance—AWAREⅧ

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第3期13卷 280-287,I0001页

作者： Carolette Snyders Marlise Dyer Nicola Sewry Esme Jordaan martin Schwellnus Sport Exercise Medicine and Lifestyle Institute(SEMLI)Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of PretoriaPretoria 0083South Africa Section Sports Medicine Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of PretoriaPretoria 0083South Africa IOC Research Centre of South Africa Pretoria 0083South Africa Biostatistics Unit South African Medical Research CouncilTygerberg 7505South Africa Statistics and Population Studies Department University of the Western CapeCape Town 7535South Africa

Purpose The aim of the study was to identify factors associated with prolonged time to return to full performance(RTFP)in athletes with recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection.Methods Prospective cohort study with cross sectional analysis.A total of 84 athletes with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection assessed at a coronavirus disease 2019 recovery clinic gave a history of age,sex,type/level of sport,co-morbidities,pre-infection training hours,and 26 acute SARS-CoV-2 symptoms from 3 categories(“nose and throat”,“chest and neck”,and“whole body”/systemic).Data on days to RTFP were obtained by structured interviews.Factors associated with RTFP were demographics,sport participation,history of co-morbidities,pre-infection training history,and acute symptoms(type,number).Outcomes were:(a)days to RTFP(median,interquartile range(IQR))in asymptomatic(n=7)and symptomatic athletes(n=77),and(b)hazard ratios(HRs;95%confidence interval)for symptomatic athletes with vs.without a factor(univariate,multiple models).HR0.05).Factors associated with prolonged RTFP(univariate models)were:females(HR=0.57;p=0.014),endurance athletes(HR=0.41;p<0.0001),co-morbidity number(HR=0.75;p=0.001),and respiratory disease history(HR=0.54;p=0.026).In symptomatic athletes,prolonged RTFP(multiple models)was significantly associated with increased“chest and neck”(HR=0.85;p=0.017)and“nose and throat”(HR=0.84;p=0.013)symptoms,but the association was more profound between prolonged RFTP and increased total number of“all symptoms”(HR=0.91;p=0.001)and“whole body”/systemic(HR=0.82;p=0.007)symptoms.Conclusion A larger number of total symptoms and specifically“whole body”/systemic symptoms during the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection in athletes is associated with prolonged RTFP.

关键词： Athletes COVID-19 Performance Recovery Return to play

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