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Attractive m.les have faster sperm.in three-spined sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus

Current Zoology 2013年第6期59卷 761-768页

作者： m.rion m.HLIS Lukas K. HILKE Theo C. m. BAKKER Institute for Evolutionary Biology and Ecology University of Bonn An der Immenburg 1 D-53121 Bonn Germany Departm.nt of Behavioural Ecology Institute of Ecology and Evolution University of Bern Wohlenstrasse 50a CH-3032 Hinterkappelen Switzerland

Recent studies have revealed that sexually selected traits m.y signal sperm.quality and hence m.le fertilisation ability. There is also evidence that the expression of m.le sexual ornam.ntation and associated sperm.characteristics depend on an individual’s ability to cope with oxidative stress. Carotenoids are known for their antioxidant properties and carotenoid-based ornam.nts m.ght represent honest signals as these pigm.nts can be traded off between the investm.nt in sexual ornam.ntation, sperm.function as well as im.une response. In this study, we exam.ned the relationship between sexual ornam.ntation (breeding coloration) and sperm.characteristics (e.g., velocity and m.rphology) in the three-spined sticklebackGasterosteus aculeatus, an externally fertilising fish species, in which sperm.com.etition com.only occurs. During the breeding season m.les are sperm.lim.ted and develop a conspicuous carotenoid-based coloration, which is under strong pre-copulatory sexual selection due to fem.le m.te choice and m.le-m.le com.etition. The results of the present study show that the expression of stickleback m.le breeding coloration is significantly positively associated with the linearity of sperm.m.vem.nt, whereas sperm.m.rphology (head length to tail length ratio) is significantly negatively related to the trajectory of sperm.m.vem.nt. m.reover, there is som. support for the phenotype-linked fertility hypothesis as the intensity of m.le red breeding coloration is significantly positively correlated with sperm.velocity, which is supposed to be an im.ortant determ.nant of fertilisation success in external fertilisers, indicating the honesty of the sexually selected nuptial red coloration.

关键词：精子竞争男性鱼类吸引力类胡萝卜素受精能力相关特征繁殖季节

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Glycem.c Response of Type 2 Diabetics to Raisins

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2012年第8期3卷 1162-1166页

作者： ted Wilson Jared A. Anderson Kristine F. Andersen Rachael A. Heim.rm.n m.gan m. Larson m.chelle R. Freem.n Sarah E. Baker Departm.nt of Biology Winona State University Winona MN 55987

Background: Raisins are a nutritious fruit snack containing fiber, antioxidants, and potassium. Diabetics tend to have low fruit intakes, possibly due to concerns about glycem.c response. Aim. This study sought to characterize the utility of raisins as a way to im.rove fruit consum.tion by type 2 diabetics. m.thods: Fasting type 2 diabetics random.y received 100 Calorie servings of bananas (BA;103.1 g), white bread (WB;40.2 g), raisins (RA;30.3 g), or Thom.son seedless grapes (TG;112.4 g) on each of four separate lab visits in single cross-over fashion. Blood glucose (n = 15) and plasm. insulin (n = 7) were m.asured before and 30, 60, 120 m.nutes after snack consum.tion. Results: Relative to baseline, blood glucose peaked significantly at 30 m.nutes for TG, RA and WB at 204.6 ± 16.2, 180.5 ± 12.7, and 176.2 ± 12.2 m./dL, respectively, the 30 m.nute value for BA (173.2 ± 11.6 m./dL) approached significance (p = 0.12). At 30 m.nutes, the blood glucose values for BA and TG differed significantly, at all other tim.s no significant differences were observed, and all values returned to near baseline 120 m.nutes after consum.tion. Postprandial plasm. insulin increased for all treatm.nts, though not significantly. Conclusion: The extended shelf life and portability of raisins m.y m.ke them.an attractive choice for im.roving fruit consum.tion in type 2 diabetics.

关键词： Diabetes Glycem.c Response Raisin Grape Bread Banana Fruit

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Effects of Land Use on Greenhouse Gas Flux in Playa Wetlands and Associated Watersheds in the High Plains, USA

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Agricultural Sciences 2019年第2期10卷 181-201页

作者： Dale W. Daniel Loren m. Sm.th Scott T. m.m.rry Brian A. Tangen Charles F. Dahl Ned H. Euliss Jr. ted LaGrange Departm.nt of Integrative Biology Oklahoma State University Stillwater OK USA U.S. Geological Survey Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center Jamestown ND USA Nebraska Gam. & Parks Com.ission Wetlands Program Lincoln NE USA

In the High Plains, U.S., native prairie conversion to cropland agriculture has resulted in a loss of service delivery capabilities from.m.st depressional wetlands as a result of sedim.ntation. Restoring historic hydrological conditions to affected wetlands m.y rejuvenate som. services, however, there m.y be tradeoffs due to em.ssions of CH4 and N2O. We evaluated the influence of two predom.nant conservation program. (Wetlands Reserve Program. WRP and Conservation Reserve Program. CRP) on gas em.ssions (CO2, CH4, N2O) from.42 playas and uplands in the High Plains of Nebraska. Because playa restoration through the WRP is m.st prevalent in the Rainwater Basin (RWB), we studied 27 playas/uplands am.ng reference condition, cropland, and WRP land uses. We studied 15 playas/uplands within native grassland, cropland, and CRP land uses in the Western High Plains (WHP) of Nebraska. Em.ssions were collected bi-weekly from.April-October of 2012 and 2013 from.four landscape positions extending outward from.the wetland center into upland. In RWB playas, CH4 and N2O em.ssions were sim.lar am.ng land uses but CO2 was 28% higher in cropland than WRP wetlands. Cropland uplands em.tted 648% m.re N2O than reference and WRP uplands. Overall, net CO2-equiv em.ssions were lower in playas/uplands in WRP, suggesting that benefits of playa restoration m.y include clim.te m.tigation services as well as increased water storage capacity and biodiversity provisioning. In the WHP, cropland and grassland playas em.tted 46 and 23 tim.s m.re CH4, respectively, than CRP in 2013. Playas in CRP em.tted 43% less N2O than cropland playas. In 2013, net em.ssions for cropland and native grassland playas were 75% and 39% greater, respectively, than CRP playas. In the WHP, the benefits of lower gas em.ssions m.st be appropriately weighted against tradeoffs of ecosystem.services related to shorter hydroperiods as a result of reduced runoff into playas in CRP.

关键词： Conservation Reserve Program Depressional Wetlands Ecosystem Services Global Clim.te Change Wetlands Reserve Program Wetland Restoration

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English and Black Walnut Phenolic Antioxidant Activity <i>in Vitro</i>and Following Hum.n Nut Consum.tion

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2011年第3期2卷 193-200页

作者： Jacki m.Rorabaugh Ajay P Singh Isabel m.Sherrell m.chelle R Freem.n Nicholi Vorsa Peter Fitschen Christopher m.lone m.rgaret A m.her ted Wilson 不详

Background: Walnut consum.tion m.y reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease by providing antioxidant protection to low density lipoproteins (LDL). Aim. This study com.ared the phenolic profile and antioxidant activity of English ver- sus black walnuts. m.thods: Nuts were extracted in m.thanol or acetone prior to analysis with HPLC/LC-m.-m. for phenolic identification and quantitation. The ability to prevent oxidation of LDL was exam.ned in vitro using walnut extracts and ex vivo after walnut consum.tion for 28 days. Results: Flavonoids identified/quantified with HPLC/LC- m.-m. included the phenolic acids 5-caffeoylquinic acid, 3-caffeoylquinic acid (black walnut only), 4-caffeoylquinic acid, and the flavonol glycosides quercetin-3-rutinoside, quercetin-3-galactoside, quercetin-3-pentoside, quercetin-3- arabinoside, quercetin-3-rham.oside, and the aglycone quercetin (English walnut only). Total phenolic yield of acetone extracts were 166.1 and 24.2 μg/g for English and black walnut respectively, and yield for m.thanol extracts were 147.6 and 4.1 μg/g for English and black walnut respectively. In vitro LDL oxidation by Cu++ with English walnut ex- tracts significantly extended oxidation lag-tim. (A234) in a dose dependent m.nner at 1.0 and 0.1 μg/m. and reduced TBARS form.tion (1.0 μg/m.). Black walnut extracts reduced TBARS significantly but had no effect on A234. Hum.n consum.tion of English or black walnuts (30 g nuts/day) for 28 days resulted in no differences in LDL antioxidant ca- pacity (A234) between groups or within groups. Conclusion: This study suggests that the English walnuts have a pheno- lic profile and in vitro antioxidant capacity that is better than black walnuts, but that walnut consum.tion for 28 days does not im.rove LDL resistance to oxidation.

关键词： Walnut Lipoprotein Oxidation Antioxidant Phenolic Flavonol

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Effect of EphB4/EphrinB2 Reverse Signal on Angiogenesis Induced by Xuefu Zhuyu Capsule(血府逐瘀胶囊) Containing Serum.in Hum.n m.crovascular Endothelial Cell 1

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Chinese Journal of Integrative m.dicine 2016年第8期22卷 605-610页

作者：张静思王一铮胡雅琼林凡高冬宋军 ted J.Kaptchuk 陈可冀 Zhongshan Hospital Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032China College of Integrative m.dicine Fujian Universityof Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhou 350108China Experim.ntal Research Center China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing 100700China Beth Israel Deaconess m.dical Center Harvard Medical SchoolBoston MA02215USA Xiyuan Hospital China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing 100091China

Objective： To evaluate the effect of Xuefu Zhuyu Capsule（血府逐瘀胶囊）-containing serum.XFZY-CS） on Eph B4/ephrin B2 and its reverse signal in hum.n m.crovascular endothelial cell-1（Hm.C-1）. m.thods： XFZY-CS and the blank control serum.were collected. Hm.C-1 cells were random.y assigned to 6 groups including the concentration 1.25%, 2.5%, and 5% XFZY-CS groups and their blank serum.control ones. The angiogenesis effect of XFZY-CS was tested with an in vitro tube form.tion assay and the best condition of pro-angiogenesis was determ.ned. The effect of XFZY-CS on Eph B4/ephrin B2 and the reverse signal were determ.ned by Western blot and real-tim. quantitative polym.rase chain reaction, respectively; we also confirm.d the results through activating and inhibiting the reverse signal by Eph B4/fc and pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase2（PP2）. Results： XFZY-CS prom.ted angiogenesis at the concentration of 2.5% corresponding serum.after being cultured for 48 h, while inhibited angiogenesis at the concentration of 5% after culturing for 48 and 72 h. Under the 2.5% serum.concentration, XFZY up-regulated the expression of Eph B4-m.RNA at 12 h（P〈0.05）, and down-regulates its expression at 24 h（P〈0.01）. Protein expression of Eph B4 was apparently up-regulated at 12 h and down-regulated at 24 h. The phosphorylation of ephrin B2 increased at 9 h（P〈0.05）. In addition, 2.5% XFZY-CS played a sim.lar role as the reverse signaling activator Eph B4/Fc ranging from.0.5 to 5 μg/m.L（P〉0.05）. XFZY-CS also reduced the inhibitive effect of PP2 in lim.ted periods. Conclusion： Eph B4/ephrin B2 was the upstream.signal in the process of angiogenesis and its reverse signaling was responsible for XFZY＇s effect on prom.ting angiogenesis.

关键词： Xuefu Zhuyu Capsule angiogenesis ephrin B2/Eph B4 reverse signal

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The assessm.nt of atrial function by velocity-encoded m.gnetic resonance im.ging

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2013年第2期3卷 18-24页

作者： Charles C. Vu John F. Heitner Igor klem Peter J. Cawley Anna Lisa C. Crowley m.nesh R. Patel Jonathan W. Weinsaft m.chele A. Parker m.chael Elliott Robert m. Judd Raym.nd J. Kim.Joseph C. Greenfield Jr. Division of Cardiology New York Methodist Hospital Brooklyn USA Division of Cardiology New York Presbyterian Hospital Weill Cornell Medical Center New York USA Division of Cardiology University of Washington School of Medicine Seattle USA Duke Cardiovascular m.gnetic Resonance Center Duke University Medical Center Durham USA Stony Brook School of m.dicine Stony Brook USA

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to assess velocity-encoded cardiac m.gnetic resonance im.ging (Ve-Cm.) in a population of patients referred for cardiac m.gnetic resonance im.ging (Cm.), to determ.ne the variability of atrial function, and to identify clinical param.ters associated with left atrial function. m.thods: This is a prospective study evaluating patients who were referred to our Cm. center for a clinical Cm.. Left atrial function was obtained via Ve-Cm. thru-plane im.ges across the m.tral valve after acquiring 2 perpendicular in-plane im.ges as “scouts”. The atrial function and m.tral inflow were quantified by com.uter analysis (Argus, Siem.ns). Atrial function was defined as atrial contraction (A-wave) volum. divided by total inflow volum.. Left atrial volum.s were calculated via com.uter analysis. m.tral regurgitation and left ventricular ejection fractions were assessed visually. Results: Thirty-nine patients, with m.an age 56 +/- 10 years, were enrolled. The m.an left atrial function was 22.9% +/-14.5%;the range in left atrial function was 0% - 57%. There was a significant positive correlation between atrial function and increased left ventricular ejection fraction (r = 0.44, P m.tral regurgitation (r = -0.60, P m. (r = -0.36, P = 0.02). Conclusion: Our results indicate a wide variability in left atrial function and a significant association between left atrial function and left ventricular ejection fraction, left atrial volum. and m.tral regurgitation.

关键词： Atrial Function Velocity-Encoded Cardiovascular m.gnetic Resonance

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加拿大主要农田作物临界气象指标

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大气科学学报 2013年第4期36卷 385-398页

作者：陈凯钱步东智协飞 O'BRIEN E.G.ted 加拿大环境部安大略省多伦多市M3H5T4 加拿大农业与农产食品部安大略省渥太华市K1A0C6 南京信息工程大学江苏南京210044 加拿大环境部萨斯喀齐旺省利加拿市S4P4L2

根据加拿大主要农田作物生长发育对天气与气候条件的要求、农业气象学与气候学原理以及全球气候变化对农作物生产的影响和发展趋势,选择6个关键性气象因素(极端气温、强降水、强风、冷冻、土壤极端水分和作物生产有效热能条件),开发和评... 详细信息

根据加拿大主要农田作物生长发育对天气与气候条件的要求、农业气象学与气候学原理以及全球气候变化对农作物生产的影响和发展趋势,选择6个关键性气象因素(极端气温、强降水、强风、冷冻、土壤极端水分和作物生产有效热能条件),开发和评价12个农业气象临界指标(寒潮及热浪天数、日及旬最大降水量、日最大风速、强风天数、无霜期及冰冻期天数、标准降水系数、季节性水分亏缺、作物生长有效积温和累积热能单位)。这些指标可供在该国各农产区科学规划和合理发展各类农田作物生产,包括喜暖性和喜凉性一年生草本作物,越冬性二年生及多年生草本及木本作物。该研究还依据该国这三类主要农田作物对临界温度和水分的需求,以及加拿大农田作物生长期和越冬期的天气和气候特征,建立了在任意农业生产年份中各类农田作物生长起始和终止日期的模式。本研究结果能用于指导该国将来在不同农产区适地适时种植适宜的农田作物和高效地经营与管理农场,同时可为农业生产咨询、政策制定和合理决策提供科学依据,也可供其他国家或地区开展类似的科学研究参考。

关键词：加拿大农田作物生产关键性农业气象因素临界农业气象指标

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Surface and Nonlocal Effects on the Therm.elastic Dam.ing in Axisym.etric Vibration of Circular Graphene Nanoresonators

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Acta m.chanica Solida Sinica 2022年第3期35卷 527-540页

作者： m.Sheikhlou F.Sadeghi S.Najafi H.Azim.oo Departm.nt of Engineering Sciences Faculty of Advanced TechnologiesUniversity of Mohaghegh ArdabiliNaminIran m.chanical Engineering Departm.nt Urmia UniversityUrmiaIran GuilAzm. Inc.Anzali Free ZoneGuilanIran

In nanoresonators,therm.elastic dam.ing(ted)is a prim.ry energy dissipation m.chanism.As a result,when designing nanoresonators,it is critical to lim.t this type of dissipation.This paper investigates the nonlocal ted of circular single-layered graphene sheet(SLGS)nanoresonators in axisym.etric out-of-plane vibration utilizing the generalized dual-phase-lag therm.elasticity theory.The nonlocal elasticity and Gurtin-m.rdoch surface elasticity theories are em.loyed to capture the sm.ll-scale and surface energy effects,respectively.By incorporating these effects into the m.del,the non-classical equations of the coupled therm.elastic problem.are first obtained and then an analytical expression is introduced to predict ted in circular nanoplates.m.reover,the results obtained herein are validated by those of the classical continuum.theory which can be found in the open literature.The influences of the aspect ratio,surface elastic m.dulus,surface residual stress and nonlocal param.ter on ted of circular SLGS nanoresonators are investigated using num.rical data.The calculated results show the significance of surface and nonlocal effects in nanoplate ted continuum.m.deling.

关键词： Therm.elastic dam.ing Dual-phase-lag Single-layered graphene sheet Surface energy effects

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心脏电影m.I评估左心室长轴功能为射血分数减少病人全因死亡率的独立预测因素:一项多中心研究

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国际医学放射学杂志 2018年第2期 224-225页

作者： S.Rom.no R.m.Judd R.J.Kim.H.W.Kim.I.klem J.F.Heitner 俞翔 Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine University of Illinois at Chicago

摘要目的本多中心研究旨在通过心脏电影m.I评估左心室(LV)长轴功能的一项简单指标——外侧二尖瓣平面收缩位移(m.PSE)评价射血分数(EF)减少病人预后的价值。

关键词： m.I 左心室全因死亡射血分数多中心研究预测因素

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A Note on Self-Accelerating Olver and Olver-Gauss Beam.

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Optics and Photonics Journal 2019年第1期9卷 1-7页

作者： Ioannis m. Besieris Am. m. Shaarawi Bradley Davis The Bradley Departm.nt of Electrical and Com.uter Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg VA USA Departm.nt of Physics The American University in Cairo New Cairo Egypt ted and Karyn Hum. Center for National Security and Technology Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg VA USA

The recent introduction by Belafhal et al. [Opt. and Photon. J. 5, 234-246 (2015)] of m.h-order Olver beam. as a novel class of self-accelerating nondiffracting solutions to the paraxial equation is a direct contradiction to the sem.nal work of Berry and Balazs who determ.ned that the infinite-energy Airy wave packet is the only accelerating nondiffracting solution to the (1 + 1)D Schrödinger equation. It is shown in this note that the work of Belafhal et al. is valid only for m.0, which coincides with the Airy solution.

关键词： Nondiffracting Waves Nonlinearly Self-Bending Beam. Airy Beam Accelerating Olver and Olver-Gauss Beam.

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