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急性脑卒中患者静脉内对比剂使用与急性肾脏疾病的关联:基于人群的研究

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中华高血压杂志 2017年第3期25卷 231-231页

作者：刘莉叶鹏 Demel SL Grossman AW Khoury JC Moomaw CJ Alwell K Kissela BM Woo D Flaherty ML Ferioli S Mackey J De Los Riosla Rosa F Martini S Adeoye O kleindorfer do

计算机断层血管造影和常规血管造影为脑卒中患者提供即时的血管解剖学信息。然而，碘化对比剂可能引起急性肾损伤（acutekidneyinjury，AKI）。在一个大型、包括两个族裔的人群中，研究人员检查了脑卒中患者住院期间新发或恶化的肾脏病... 详细信息

计算机断层血管造影和常规血管造影为脑卒中患者提供即时的血管解剖学信息。然而，碘化对比剂可能引起急性肾损伤（acutekidneyinjury，AKI）。在一个大型、包括两个族裔的人群中，研究人员检查了脑卒中患者住院期间新发或恶化的肾脏病的发病率，及其与静脉内给对比剂的相关性。方法：纳入大辛辛那提／北肯塔基州2010年急诊住院的急性缺血性脑卒中或脑出血的所有成年居民。在确定接受或未接受静脉注射对比剂的两组患者中，确定急诊问诊时未察觉到的肾脏疾病的发生率及人院后AKI发生率。

关键词：静脉内对比剂脑卒中患者急性肾损伤肾脏疾病人群计算机断层血管造影急性缺血性脑卒中常规血管造影

Divergent foraging behavior in a hybrid zone： Darwin＇s tree finches （Camarhynchus spp.） on Floreana Island

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Current Zoology 2015年第1期61卷 181-190页

作者： Katharina J. PETERS Sonia kleindorfer School of Biological Sciences Flinders University GPO Box 2100 Adelaide 5001 Australia

Hybrid speciation is increasingly recognized as a mechanism for novel evolutionary trajectories. However, we know very little about the ecology of a contact zone that has arisen in sympatry. This study examines the foraging behavior and fitness of two species of Darwin＇s tree finches （Camarhynchus parvulus, C pauper） and hybrid offspring on Floreana Island. Previous study showed that the percentage of hybrids in the tree finch population increased from 19% in 2005 to 41% in 2010, and their body and beak size increased by -5% （parental phenotype did not change）. In 2005-2006, all three tree finch groups （two paren- tal species and hybrid birds） used the same foraging substrate, technique, and height. By 2010-2013, the small tree finch C. par- vulus had changed its foraging technique and the medium tree finch C. pauper had changed its foraging height. Both parental species had higher body condition when foraging at （divergent） mean foraging heights per species but hybrid birds did not. We discuss the implications of conserving forest to facilitate vertical niche expansion and the role of hybridization for genetic persis- tence [Current Zoology 61 （1）： 181-190, 2015].

关键词： Hybridization Speciation Adaptive radiation Conservation Scalesia Ecological niche

Changes in Philornis infestation behavior threaten Darwin＇s finch survival

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Current Zoology 2014年第4期60卷 542-550页

作者： Sonia kleindorfer Katharina J. PETERS Georgina CUSTANCE Rachael Y. DUDANIEC Jody A. O'CONNOR School of Biological Sciences Flinders University GPO Box 2100 Adelaide 5001 Australia Department of Biology Lund University S61vegatan 37 Lund 22362 Sweden

The conservation behavior framework is useful to identify key linkages between behavior and conservation practice. We apply this framework to a novel host-parasite system on the Galapagos Islands and ask if there have been changes in parasite oviposition behavior and host mortality patterns across the first decade （2004-2013） of its known association. The Dipteran parasite Philornis downsi was first discovered in Darwin＇s finch nests in 1997 and is the biggest threat to the survival of Galapagos land birds. Host mortality has increased over the past decade. In Dipterans, pupation and pupae size are determined by access to host resources. Here, we test the hypothesis that P downsi flies are laying eggs in finch nests earlier in the nestling phase to maximize larval feeding time and therefore chance of pupation success before host death. The results show fewer 1st instar larvae later in the host nesting cycle in support of earlier egg laying behavior by female flies. Between 2004 and 2013, parasite intensity increased from -28 to -48 parasites per nest, host mortality increased from -50% to -90%, and host age at death decreased from -11 to -5 days. The earlier age at host death was correlated with fewer pupae （from -50% to -20%） and smaller pupae size （-10% decrease）. Changes in parasite behavior reveal new fitness costs to both the parasite and Darwin＇s finches. These findings un- derscore the need for urgent conservation action to save Darwin＇s finches from extinction due to a novel, lethal and introduced parasite [Current Zoology 60 （4）： 542-550, 2014].

关键词： Host mortality Parasite size Darwin's finches Ectoparasitism Camarhynchus Geospiza

Bill Morphology does Not Influence Vocal Performance in Darwin’s Small Tree Finch on Floreana Island

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Zoological Research 2009年第4期30卷 423-428页

作者： Rebekah Christensen Sonia kleindorfer School of Biological Sciences Flinders University

Bird song is used for mate attraction and is important for establishing reproductive isolation. Current research highlights performance constraints on song production that may be influenced by variation in bill morphology. Darwin＇s finches are a model system for studying the relationship between morphology and song performance, with previous studies suggesting that lower vocal performance is correlated with larger bill size. Here, we tested for a relationship between bill morphology and vocal performance in Darwin＇s Small Tree Finch （Camarhynchus parvulus） on Floreana Island. We found no evidence of a correlation between bill morphology and vocal performance. This finding is in agreement with prior study of the Small Tree Finch, but contrasts a greater body of work addressing song in Darwin＇s Finches. We discussed our findings in the context of ecological divergence, and ecological variation across species.

关键词： Darwin's finches Bill morphology Small Tree Finch Song Vocal performance

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达尔文雀血液和肠内的寄生现象(英文)

动物学报 2005年第3期51卷 507-512页

作者： Rachael Y. DUDANIEC Gary HALLAS Sonia kleindorfer Flinders University School of Biological Sciences Bedford Park Adelaide 5042 AustraliaFlinders University School of Biological Sciences Bedford Park Adelaide 5042 AustraliaFlinders University School of Biological Sciences Bedford Park Adelaide 5042 Australia

达尔文雀是种群进化生态学研究的一个模式类群。然而,关于这些鸟类的寄生虫和疾病方面,我们所知甚少。本文对小地雀( Geospiza fuliginosa)的血液和消化道、中地雀( G. fortis)的消化道寄生虫进行了调查。根据对来自3个岛屿127成体血液... 详细信息

达尔文雀是种群进化生态学研究的一个模式类群。然而,关于这些鸟类的寄生虫和疾病方面,我们所知甚少。本文对小地雀( Geospiza fuliginosa)的血液和消化道、中地雀( G. fortis)的消化道寄生虫进行了调查。根据对来自3个岛屿127成体血液样本、22个雏鸟血液和消化道样本的检测,我们没有从小地雀的血液里和中地雀的消化道里发现寄生虫。仅仅从1只来自Floreana岛的小地雀雏鸟的消化道里,发现一种寄生虫(Isosporaspp.) [动物学报51 (3) : 507 -512 , 2005]。

关键词：达尔文寄生现象消化道寄生虫生态学研究血液样本肠 spp 雏鸟进化种群鸟类成体动物

面向21世纪的卒中新定义:美国心脏病学会和美国卒中学会声明

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神经病学与神经康复学杂志 2013年第2期10卷 105-120页

作者：俞羚董荃宋叶平江静雯李卉刘亮贤苏爱萍李焰生 Sacco RL Kasner SE Broderick JP Caplan LR Connors JJ Culebras A Elkind MS George MG Hamdan AD Higashida RT Hoh BL Janis LS Kase CS kleindorfer do Lee JM Moseley ME Peterson ED Turan TN Valderrama AL Vinters HV 上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院神经内科上海200127

尽管脑血管病有着全球性影响且对其病理生理学的认识有了很多进步,但是"卒中"这一术语在临床实践、临床研究或公共卫生评估中的定义却不一致。传统的定义依据于临床,却没有考虑到科学技术的进步。美国心脏协会(AHA)和美国卒中协会(ASA)... 详细信息

尽管脑血管病有着全球性影响且对其病理生理学的认识有了很多进步,但是"卒中"这一术语在临床实践、临床研究或公共卫生评估中的定义却不一致。传统的定义依据于临床,却没有考虑到科学技术的进步。美国心脏协会(AHA)和美国卒中协会(ASA)卒中分会组织了写作小组,为21世纪卒中新定义撰写专家共识性声明。中枢神经系统(CNS)梗死,指由缺血所导致的脑、脊髓或视网膜的细胞死亡,是基于持续性损害的神经病理学、神经影像学和(或)临床证据。CNS梗死表现为一个临床谱:缺血性卒中特指伴有明显症状的CNS梗死,而静息性梗死根据定义指未引起已知的症状的梗死。卒中也还包括脑出血和蛛网膜下腔出血。新定义的卒中结合了临床和组织学标准,可被用于实践、研究和公共卫生评估。

关键词：美国心脏协会科学声明脑出血脑梗死卒中蛛网膜下腔出血短暂性缺血发作

Predicting Mortality and Functional Outcomes after Ischemic Stroke: External Validation of a Prognostic Model

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2018年第10期8卷 587-597页

作者： Achala Vagal Heidi Sucharewv Christopher Lindsell Dawn kleindorfer Kathleen Alwell Charles J. Moomaw Daniel Woo Matthew Flaherty Pooja Khatri Opeolu Adeoye Simona Ferioli Jason Mackey Sharyl Martini Felipe De Los Rios La Rosa F. Brett Kissela Departments of Radiology University of Cincinnati Medical Center Cincinnati OH USA Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Cincinnati OH USA Department of Emergency Medicine University of Cincinnati Medical Center Department of Neurology Cincinnati OH USA University of Cincinnati Medical Center Cincinnati OH USA Department of Neurology Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA Baylor College of Medicine Baptist Health Neuroscience Center Miami Florida USA

Background: We previously developed predictive models for 3-month mortality and modified Rankin Score (mRS) after ischemic stroke. Aim: The aim was to test model validity for 3-month mortality and mRS after ischemic stroke in two independent data sets. Methods: Our derivation models used data from 451 subjects with ischemic stroke in 1999 enrolled in the Greater Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky Stroke Study (GCKNSS). We utilized two separate cohorts of ischemic strokes through GCKNSS (460 in 2005 and 504 in 2010) to assess external validity by utilizing measures of agreement between predicted and observed values, calibration, and discrimination using Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis or Diagnosis. Results: The 3-month mortality model performed well in the validation datasets with an average prediction error (Brier score) of 0.045 for 2005 and 0.053 for 2010 and excellent discrimination with an area under the curve of 0.86 (95% CI: 0.79, 0.93) for 2005 and 0.84 (0.76, 0.92) for 2010. Predicted 3-month mRS also performed well in the validation datasets with R2 of 0.57 for 2005 and 0.50 for 2010 and a root mean square error of 0.85 for 2005 and 1.05 for 2010. Predicted mRS tended to be higher than actual in both validation datasets. Re-estimation of the model parameters for age and severe white matter hyperintensity in both 2005 and 2010, and for diabetes in 2005, improved predictive accuracy. Conclusions: Our previously developed stroke models performed well in two study periods, suggesting validity of the model predictions.

关键词： Ischaemic Stroke Epidemiology Stroke Leukoaraiosis African American Stroke Prevalence

应用2017年美国心脏病学会/美国心脏协会血压指南预防潜在的心血管病事件

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中华高血压杂志 2018年第12期26卷 1104-1104页

作者： Bress AP Colantonio LD Cooper R Kramer H Booth JN Odden MC Bibbins-domingo K Shimbo D Whelton PK Levitan EB Howard G Bellows BK kleindorfer D Safford MM Muntner P Andrew E 刘青叶鹏

该研究在美国高血压成人患者比较血压达到2017年美国心脏病学会/美国心脏协会(American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association,ACC/AHA)指南推荐的血压目标与(1)当前血压水平,(2)达到2003年高血压预防、检测、评估和治疗... 详细信息

该研究在美国高血压成人患者比较血压达到2017年美国心脏病学会/美国心脏协会(American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association,ACC/AHA)指南推荐的血压目标与(1)当前血压水平,(2)达到2003年高血压预防、检测、评估和治疗全国联合委员会(the joint national committee on prevention,detection,evaluatioyl and treatment of highblood pressure,JNC)第七次报告(JNC7)目标;以及(3)达到2014年JNC第8次报告(JNCS)血压目标时可预防的心血管事件数和治疗相关严重不良事件的发生次数。

关键词：美国心脏病学会美国心脏协会高血压心血管病事件预防指南 prevention 心血管事件

急性缺血性卒中静脉阿替普酶溶栓治疗的纳入和排除标准的科学依据美国心脏协会/美国卒中协会对医疗卫生专业人员发布的声明(续前)

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国际脑血管病杂志 2016年第5期 385-406页

作者： Demaerschalk Bart M. kleindorfer Dawn O. Adeoye Opeolu M. Demchuk Andrew M. Fugate Jennifer E. Grotta James C. Khalessi Alexander A. Levy Elad I. Palesch Yuko Y. Prabhakaran Shyam Saposnik Gustavo Saver Jeffrey L. Smith Eric E. 南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院神经内科

19颅内出血史根据最初的FDA标签和2013年AHA/ASA指南[24],颅内出血史是静脉阿替普酶治疗缺血性卒中的一项额外禁忌证或排除标准。最近修订后的标签仅将近期ICH列为一项警告,并且在禁忌证中删除了ICH史。与前面讨论的静脉阿替普酶治疗排...

19颅内出血史根据最初的FDA标签和2013年AHA/ASA指南[24],颅内出血史是静脉阿替普酶治疗缺血性卒中的一项额外禁忌证或排除标准。最近修订后的标签仅将近期ICH列为一项警告,并且在禁忌证中删除了ICH史。与前面讨论的静脉阿替普酶治疗排除标准相似,文献回顾仅在大样本回顾性研究中发现了少量这类病例。缺乏相关数据可能是修订后的

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