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Effect of classroom-based physical activity interventions on attention and on-task behavior in schoolchildren:A systematic review

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2021年第3期3卷 125-133页

作者： Stefanie Ruhland klaus W.Lange Institute of Psychology University of RegensburgGermany

Physical activity in children is associated with several cognitive *** children and adolescents spend an increasing amount of time engaged in sedentary behavior both at school and in their free time,movement breaks during class hours,in which students are physically active,may be beneficial for effective *** aim of this systematic research is to provide an overview of prospective studies investigating the influence of classroom-based physical activity(CB-PA)interventions on attention and on-task behavior in school-aged children and adolescents aged between 4 and 18 years.A systematic search of electronic databases(PubMed,Science Direct,PsycINFO,Ovid),according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)statement,was performed from July 2020 to March *** characteristics data were analyzed and a methodological quality assessment,using a modified Downs and Black checklist,of both randomized and non-randomized studies was ***,the available evidence points to a beneficial effect of exercise on attention and on-task behavior in a classroom ***,methodological differences concerning partici-pants and duration and type of physical activity should be considered when comparing the *** studies with more comparable methodology are needed to provide a better understanding of the effect of CB-PA on attention and on-task behavior.

关键词： Attention Children Classroom On-task behavior Physical activity

Functional specialization of Nicotiana attenuata phytochromes in leaf development and flowering time

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2017年第3期59卷 205-224页

作者： Variluska Fragoso Youngjoo Oh Sang-Gyu Kim klaus Gase Ian Thomas Baldwin Department of Molecular Ecology Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology Hans-Knoll-Straβe 8 D-07745 .lena Germany Center for Genome Engineering，Institute of Basic Science，Daejeon，South Korea

Phytochromes mainly function in photoau- totrophic organisms to adjust growth in response to fluctuating light signals. The different isoforms of plant phytochromes often display both conserved and divergent roles, presumably to fine-tune plant responses to environmental signals and optimize fitness. Here we describe the distinct, yet partially redundant, roles of phytochromes NaPHYA, NaPHYB1 and NaPHYB2 in a wild tobacco species, Nicotiana attenuata using RNAi-silenced phytochrome lines. Consistent with results reported from other species, silencing the expression of NaPHYA or NaPHYB2 in N. attenuata had mild or no influence on plant develop- ment as long as NaPHYBI was functional; whereas silencing the expression of NaPHYB1 alone strongly altered flowering time and leaf morphology. Thecontribution of NaPHYB2 became significant only in the absence of NaPHYB1; plants silenced for both NaPHYB1 and NaPHYB2 largely skipped the rosette- stage of growth to rapidly produce long, slender stalks that bore flowers early： hallmarks of the shade- avoidance responses. The phenotyping of phyto- chrome-silenced lines, combined with sequence and transcript accumulation independent functional analysis, suggest the diversification of the phytochromes, and a dominant role of NaPHYB1 and NaPHYB2 in N. attenuata＇s vegetative and reproductive development.

关键词： James L. Weller University of Tasmania Australia

Silurian-Devonian and Jurassic Thermal Events in the Ordos Basin, China: Indications from K-Ar Dating on Illites

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 1996年第4期70卷 435-446页

作者： Hans Ahrendt klaus Wemmer Hans-J rgen Behr Institute of Geology and Dynamics of Lithosphere University of Gttingen G ttingen GermanyInstitute of Geology and Dynamics of LithosphereUniversity of Gttingen G ttingen GermanyInstitute of Geology and Dynamics of LithosphereUniversity of Gttingen G ttingen Germany

In the Ordos basin, two distinct thermal events of different ages have been identified for the first time by means of K-Ar dating combined with illite crystallinity analysis. For the Late Triassic and Late Permian samples, the K-Ar ages of the < 0.2μm fractions (159-173 Ma) reflect an illitization age related to the Yanshanian movement and indicate a short thermal event in the Middle Jurassic; the K-Ar ages of the <2 μm fractions (210-308 Ma) are interpreted as mixed ages of detrital material and authigenic illites. The K-Ar ages of both < 0.2μm and < 2μm fractions of a Middle Cambrian sample (368 Ma and 419 Ma) correspond to the ages of the metamorphism and earliest granite intrusion in the northern Caledonian Qinling fold zone (380-420 Ma) and show a thermal event during Silurian-Devonian time.

关键词： illite K-Ar dating illite crystallinity thermal event Ordos basin

Problems of drinking water treatment along Ismailia Canal Province, Egypt

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2008年第3期9卷 232-242页

作者： Mohamed H.GERIESH klaus-Dieter BALKE Ahmed E.EL-RAYES Geology Department Faculty of ScienceSuez Canal UniversityP.C.41522IsmailiaEgypt Institute of Geosciences Teubingen University72076 TeubingenGermany

The present drinking water purification system in Egypt uses surface water as a raw water supply without a preliminary filtration *** the other hand,chlorine gas is added as a disinfectant agent in two steps,pre-and *** to these reasons most of water treatment plants suffer low filtering effectiveness and produce the trihalomethane(THM) species as a chlorination *** Ismailia Canal represents the most distal downstream of the main Nile *** its water contains all the proceeded pollutants discharged into the *** addition,the downstream reaches of the canal act as an agricultural drain during the closing period of the High Dam gates in January and February every ***,the wide industrial zone along the upstream course of the canal enriches the canal water with high concentrations of heavy *** obtained results indicate that the canal gains up to 24.06×106 m3 of water from the surrounding shallow aquifer during the closing period of the High Dam gates,while during the rest of the year,the canal acts as an influent stream losing about 99.6×106 m3 of its water *** reduction of total organic carbon(TOC) and suspended particulate matters(SPMs) should be one of the central goals of any treatment plan to avoid the disinfectants *** combination of sedimentation basins,gravel pre-filtration and slow sand filtration,and underground passage with microbiological oxidation-reduction and adsorption criteria showed good removal of parasites and bacteria and complete elimination of TOC,SPM and heavy ***,it reduces the use of disinfectants chemicals and lowers the treatment ***,this purification system under the arid climate prevailing in Egypt should be tested and modified prior to application.

关键词： Drinking water treatment Hazardous by-products Natural attenuation Ismailia Canal Egypt

Edible insects as future food:chances and challenges

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Journal of Future Foods 2021年第1期1卷 38-46页

作者： klaus W.Lange Yukiko Nakamura Department of Eperimental Psychologr University of RegensburgRegensburg.Gemmaory

The consumption of insects(entomophagy)has recently attracted global attention for health reasons as well as environmental and economic *** environmentally sustainable food security is currently one of the biggest global challenges.A wide range of edible insect species,with their high contents in protein,fat,minerals,vitamins and fiber,can play a significant role in addressing food *** of entomophagy include a high feed-conversion efficiency of insects and the rearing on organic side streams,adding value to waste and decreasing environmental *** to cattle raising,insects emit relatively few greenhouse gases and little ammonia and require significantly less land and *** nutritional quality of edible insects appears to be equivalent and sometimes superior to that of foods derived from birds and *** farming may offer a sustainable means of food *** edible insects are calorie dense and highly nutritious,their consumption has the potential to reduce famine *** presence of high-quality protein and various micronutrients as well as potential environmental and economic benefits render edible insects globally a major potential future ***,consumer acceptance remains a major obstacle to the adoption of insects as a food source in many Western countries.

关键词： Edible insects Food security Environmenta1 sustainability Food Safety Consumer acceptance

Long-term results of endoscopic balloon dilatation of lower gastrointestinal tract strictures in Crohn's disease:A prospective study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第21期15卷 2623-2627页

作者： klaus Stienecker Daniel Gleichmann Ulrike Neumayer H Joachim Glaser Carolin Tonus Department of Gastroenterology Herz-Jesu-Hospital Fulda Department of Visceral Surgery Herz-Jesu-Hospital Fulda

AIM:To examine the long-term results of endoscopic treatment in a prospective study conducted over a period of 10 years,1997 to January ***:A total of 25 patients(20 female and five male:aged 18-75 years),with at least one symptom of stricture not passable with the standard colonoscope and with a confirmed scarred Crohn's stricture of the lower gastrointestinal tract,were included in the *** main symptom was abdominal *** endoscopic balloon dilatation was performed with an 18 mm balloon under endoscopic and radiological ***:Eleven strictures were located in the colon,13 at the anastomosis after ileocecal resection,three at the Bauhin valve and four in the *** patients had two strictures and one patient had three *** the 31 strictures,in 30 was balloon dilatation successful in a single endoscopic session,so that eventually the strictures could be passed easily with the standard *** one patient with a long stricture of the ileum involving the Bauhin valve and an additional stricture of the ileum which were 15 cm apart,sufficient dilatation was not *** patient therefore required *** of abdominal symptoms was achieved in all cases which had technically successful balloon dilatation,althoughin one case perforation occurred after dilatation of a recurrent *** follow-up was in the range of 54-118 mo(mean of 81 mo).The relapse rate over this period was 46%,but 64% of relapsing strictures could be successfully dilated *** in four patients was surgery required during this follow-up ***:We conclude from these initial results that endoscopic balloon dilatation,especially for short strictures in Crohn's disease,can be performed with reliable *** is a rare *** is our opinion that in the long-term,the relapse rate is probably higher than after surgery,but usually a second endoscopic treatment can be performed successfully,leading to

关键词： Crohn's disease strictures Balloon dilatation Endoscopy Morbidity Mortality

The 2+1 paradigm:an efficient algorithm for central reading of Mayo endoscopic subscores in global multicenter phase 3 ulcerative colitis clinical trials

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Gastroenterology Report 2016年第1期4卷 35-38,I0002页

作者： Harris A.Ahmad klaus Gottlieb Fez Hussain Rheumatology and Gastroenterology BioClinica Inc.PrincetonNJUSA Immunology and Internal Medicine Quintiles Inc.Research Triangle ParkNCUSA

Despite its importance and potential impact in clinical trials,central reading continues to be an under-represented topic in the literature about inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)clinical *** several IBD studies have incorporated central reading to date,none have fully detailed the specific methodology with which the reads were *** we outline key principles for designing an efficient central reading paradigm for an ulcerative colitis(UC)study that addresses regulatory,operational and clinical *** a step towards standardization of read methodology for the growing number of multicenter phase 3 clinical trials in IBD,we have applied these principles to the design of an optimal read methodology that we call the‘2þ1 paradigm.’The 2þ1 paradigm involves the use of both site and central readers,validated scoring criteria and multiple measures for blinding readers,all of which contribute to reducing bias and generating a reliable endoscopic subscore that reflects endoscopic disease *** paradigm can be utilized while maintaining a practical workflow compatible with an operationally feasible clinical *** 2þ1 paradigm represents a logical approach to endoscopic assessment in IBD clinical trials,one that should be considered attractive to prospective sponsors,contract research organizations,key opinion leaders and regulatory authorities and be ready for implementation and further evaluation.

关键词： ulcerative colitis endoscopy clinical trials

Diversity and production in an Afromontane Forest

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Forest Ecosystems 2016年第4期3卷 275-286页

作者： klaus v.Gadow GongQiao Zhang Graham Durrheim David Drew Armin Seydack Georg-August University in Gottingen Gottingen Germany Department of Forestry and Wood Science University of Stellenbosch Stellenbosch South Africa Chinese Academy of Forestry in Beijing Beijing China South African National Parks Knysna South Africa

Background：This contribution evaluates the effect of forest structure and tree species diversity on plot productivity and individual tree growth in the unique Knysna forests in Southern Africa using mapped tree data from an observational study that has been re-measured over a period of 40 ***：The effects of tree species diversity and forest structure on tree growth and forest production are evaluated on three levels of resolution：a） the forest community（canopy,sub-canopy species）,b） the subplots（number of trees per ha,skewness of the diameter distribution,diameter coefficient of variation） and c） the immediate neighborhood of selected reference trees（＂Mingling＂,＂Dominance＂,Aggregation＂ and ＂Size Variation＂）.Results：An analysis of the community level identified two distinct clusters,one including dominant/canopy species with the highest growth rates and a greater variation of growth,and another cluster which includes the remaining subcanopy species which have a smaller maximum size and lower rates of *** area-based structure variables on plot level have a highly significant effect on total basal area ***,the effects of forest density and species richness on productivity were not straight *** basal area production of about 0.75 m^2/ha/year is achieved at medium levels of richness（around 20 species per ha） and medium levels of density（around 30 m^2/ha basal area） using percentile regression *** relative ＂Dominance＂ of a selected reference tree had a highly significant effect on individual tree growth on all investigated *** neighbourhood structure variables were only occasionally significant or not significant at ***：This contribution presents a new theoretical framework for analysing natural forests that includes community,plot and neighborhood variables of forest structure and diversity,and a first specific analysis of the structure and dynamics of the Knysna Afromontane Forest,based on a unique s

关键词： canopy neighborhood forests richness basal straight productivity occasionally remaining tropical

Structure-Function Analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana Histidine Kinase AHK5 Bound to Its Cognate Phosphotransfer Protein AHP1

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Molecular Plant 2013年第3期6卷 959-970页

作者： Johannes Bauer Kerstin Reiss Manikandan Veerabagu Michael Heunemann klaus Harter Thilo Stehle Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry University of Tubingen D-72076 Tubingen Germany Center for Plant Molecular Biology University of TObingen D-72076 T0bingen Germany Department of Pediatrics Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN 37232 USA

The multi-step phosphorelay （MSP） system defines a key signal transduction pathway in plants and many eukaryotes. In this system, external stimuli first lead to the activation of a histidine kinase, followed by transfer of a phosphoryl group from the receiver domain of the kinase （HKRD） to downstream, cytosolic phosphotransfer proteins （HPs）. In order to establish the determinants of specificity for this signaling relay system, we have solved the first crystal structure of a plant HKRD, AHK5RD, in complex with one of its cognate HPs, AHP1. AHP1 binds AHK5RD via a prominent hydrogen bond docking ridge and a hydrophobic patch. These features are conserved among all AHP proteins, but differ significantly from other structurally characterized prokaryotic and eukaryotic HPs. Surface plasmon resonance experiments show that AHK5RD binds to AHP1-3 with similar, micromolar affinity, consistent with the transient nature of this signaling complex. Our correlation of structural and functional data provide the first insight, at the atomic level as well as with quantitative affinity data, into the molecular recognition events governing the MSP in plants.

关键词： multi-step phosphorelay phosphotransfer protein plant signaling sensor histidine kinase two-component system.