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Distortions in focusing laser pulses due to spatio-temporal couplings: an analytic description

High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第3期 25-45页

作者： klaus steiniger Fabia Dietrich Daniel Albach Michael Bussmann Arie Irman Markus Loeser Richard Pausch Thomas Püschel Roland Sauerbrey Susanne Sch?bel Ulrich Schramm Mathias Siebold Karl Zeil Alexander Debus Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Dresden Germany CASUS-Center for Advanced Systems Understanding G?rlitz Germany Technische Universit?t Dresden Dresden Germany

In ultra-short laser pulses, small changes in dispersion properties before the final focusing mirror can lead to severe pulse distortions around the focus and therefore to very different pulse properties at the point of laser±matter interaction,yielding unexpected interaction results. The mapping between far-and near-field laser properties intricately depends on the spatial and angular dispersion properties as well as the focal geometry. For a focused Gaussian laser pulse under the influence of angular, spatial and group-delay dispersion, we derive analytical expressions for its pulse-front tilt,duration and width from a fully analytic expression for its electric field in the time±space domain obtained with scalar diffraction theory. This expression is not only valid in and near the focus but also along the entire propagation distance from the focusing mirror to the focus. Expressions relating angular, spatial and group-delay dispersion before focusing at an off-axis parabola, where they are well measurable, to the respective values in the pulse’s focus are obtained by a ray tracing approach. Together, these formulas are used to show in example setups that the pulse-front tilts of lasers with small initial dispersion can become several tens of degrees larger in the vicinity of the focus while being small directly in the focus. The formulas derived here provide the analytical foundation for observations previously made in numerical experiments. By numerically simulating Gaussian pulse propagation and measuring properties of the pulse at distances several Rayleigh lengths off the focus, we verify the analytic expressions.

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