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The Root Cap Determines Ethylene-Dependent Growth and Development in Maize Roots

Molecular Plant 2008年第2期1卷 359-367页

作者： Achim Hahn Roman Zimmermann Dierk Wanke klaus harter Hans G. Edelmann Botanisches Institut Universitfit zu Koin Gyrhofstr. 15 D-50931 Koin Germany Present address: ZMBP Pflanzenphysiologie University TQbingen Auf der Morgenstelle 1 D-72076 TQbingen Germany Institut fur Entwicklungsbiologie Universitat zu Koin Gyrhofstr. 17 D-50931 Koin Germany Institut fur Entwicklungsbiologie Universitat zu Koin Gyrhofstr. 17 D-50931 Koln Germany ZMBP Pflanzenphysiologie Universitat Tubingen Auf der Morgenstelle 1 D-72076 Tubingen Germany Present address: Biologie und ihre Didaktik Universitat Siegen D-57068 Siegen Germany

Besides providing protection against mechanical damage to the root tip, the root cap is involved in the perception and processing of diverse external and internal stimuli resulting in altered growth and development, The transduction of these stimuli includes hormonal signaling pathways such as those of auxin, ethylene and cytokinin. Here, we show that the root cap is essential for the ethylene-induced regulation of elongation growth and root hair formation in maize. Exogenously applied ethylene is no longer able to inhibit elongation growth when the root cap has been surgically removed prior to hormone treatment. Reconstitution of the cap positively correlates with the developing capacity of the roots to respond to ethylene again. In contrast, the removal of the root cap does not per se affect growth inhibition controlled by auxin and cytokinin. Furthermore, our semi-quantitative RT-PCR results support earlier findings that the maize root cap is a site of high gene expression activity with respect to sensing and responding to hormones such as ethylene, From these data, we propose a novel function of the root cap which is the establishment of competence to respond to ethylene in the distal zones of the root.

关键词： AUXIN BIOSYNTHESIS INSENSITIVE MUTANTS CELL ELONGATION

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Structure-Function Analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana Histidine Kinase AHK5 Bound to Its Cognate Phosphotransfer Protein AHP1

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Molecular Plant 2013年第3期6卷 959-970页

作者： Johannes Bauer Kerstin Reiss Manikandan Veerabagu Michael Heunemann klaus harter Thilo Stehle Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry University of Tubingen D-72076 Tubingen Germany Center for Plant Molecular Biology University of TObingen D-72076 T0bingen Germany Department of Pediatrics Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN 37232 USA

The multi-step phosphorelay （MSP） system defines a key signal transduction pathway in plants and many eukaryotes. In this system, external stimuli first lead to the activation of a histidine kinase, followed by transfer of a phosphoryl group from the receiver domain of the kinase （HKRD） to downstream, cytosolic phosphotransfer proteins （HPs）. In order to establish the determinants of specificity for this signaling relay system, we have solved the first crystal structure of a plant HKRD, AHK5RD, in complex with one of its cognate HPs, AHP1. AHP1 binds AHK5RD via a prominent hydrogen bond docking ridge and a hydrophobic patch. These features are conserved among all AHP proteins, but differ significantly from other structurally characterized prokaryotic and eukaryotic HPs. Surface plasmon resonance experiments show that AHK5RD binds to AHP1-3 with similar, micromolar affinity, consistent with the transient nature of this signaling complex. Our correlation of structural and functional data provide the first insight, at the atomic level as well as with quantitative affinity data, into the molecular recognition events governing the MSP in plants.

关键词： multi-step phosphorelay phosphotransfer protein plant signaling sensor histidine kinase two-component system.

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Transcriptome Analysis of High-Temperature Stress in Developing Barley Caryopses： Early Stress Responses and Effects on Storage Compound Biosynthesis

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Molecular Plant 2011年第1期4卷 97-115页

作者： Elke Mangelsen Joachim Kilian klaus harter Christer Jansson Dierk Wanke Eva Sundberg Department of Plant Biology and Forest Genetics The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) PO Box 7080 SE-750 07 Uppsala Sweden Center of Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP) University of Tuebingen Auf der Morgenstelle 1 D-72076 Tvbingen Germany Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Earth Sciences Division 1 Cyclotron Rd Berkeley CA 94720 USA

High-temperature stress, like any abiotic stress, impairs the physiology and development of plants, including the stages of seed setting and ripening. We used the Affymetrix 22K Barley1 GeneChip microarray to investigate the response of developing barley （Hordeum vulgare） seeds, termed caryopses, after 0.5, 3, and 6 h of heat stress exposure; 958 induced and 1122 repressed genes exhibited spatial and temporal expression patterns that provide a detailed insight into the caryopses＇ early heat stress responses. Down-regulation of genes related to storage compound biosynthesis and cell growth provides evidence for a rapid impairment of the caryopsis＇ development. Increased levels of sugars and amino acids were indicative for both production of compatible solutes and feedback-induced accumulation of substrates for storage compound biosynthesis. Metadata analysis identified embryo and endosperm as primary locations of heat stress responses, indicating a strong impact of short-term heat stress on central developmental functions of the caryopsis. A comparison with heat stress responses in Arabidopsis shoots and drought stress responses in barley caryopses identified both conserved and presumably heat- and caryopsis-specific stress-responsive genes. Summarized, our data provide an important basis for further investigation of gene functions in order to aid an improved heat tolerance and reduced losses of yield in barley as a model for cereal crops.

关键词： Abiotic/environmental stress gene expression transcriptome analysis seed biology barley caryopsis crops heat shock.

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The Sensor Histidine Kinases AHK2 and AHK3 Proceed into Multiple Serine/Threonine/Tyrosine Phosphorylation Pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana

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Molecular Plant 2016年第1期9卷 182-186页

作者： Rebecca Dautel XuNa Wu Michael Heunemann WaltraudX. Schulze klaus harter Department of Plant Physiology Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP) University of T&uuml bingen Auf der Morgenstelle 32 72076 T&uuml bingen Germany Department of Plant Systems Biology University of Hohenheim 70593 Stuttgart Germany

Cytokinins are N^6-substituted adenine derivatives that are involved in the regulation of numerous aspects of plant growth and development. These include the control of cell division, leaf senescence, apical dominance, sink^source relationship, vascular and embryonic development, and apical meristem activity （Kieber and Schaller, 2014）. In addition, there is increasing evidence for the function of cytokinins in abiotic stress responses （Zwack and Rashotte, 2015）.

关键词： CYTOKININ PHOSPHOPROTEOMICS

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The Interaction of the Arabidopsis Response Regulator ARR18 with bZIP63 Mediates the Regulation of PROLINE DEHYDROGENASE Expression

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Molecular Plant 2014年第10期7卷 1560-1577页

作者： Manikandan Veerabagu Tobias Kirchler Kirstin Elgass Bettina Stadelhofer Mark Stahl klaus harter Virtudes Mira-Rodado Christina Chaban Department of Plant Physiology Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP) University of T~bingen Auf der Morgenstelle 32 72076Tubingen Germany Present address: Department of Biology Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Hogskoleringen 5 7491- Trondheim Norway Present address: Biochemistry Department Physical Science 4 La Trobe University Bundoora VIC 3086 Australia Central Facilities Analytics ZMBP University of Tubingen Auf der Morgenstelle 32 Tubingen Germany

As the first and rate-limiting enzyme of proline degradation, PROLINE DEHYDROGENASE1 （PDH1） is tightly regulated during plant stress responses, including induction under hypoosmolarity and repression under water deficit. The plant receptor histidine kinases AHKs, elements of the two-component system （TCS） in Arabidopsis thaliana, are pro- posed to function in water stress responses by regulating different stress-responsive genes. However, little information is available concerning AHK phosphorelay-mediated downstream signaling. Here we show that the Arabidopsis type-B response regulator 18 （ARR18） functions as a positive osmotic stress response regulator in Arabidopsis seeds and affects the activity of the PDH1 promoter, known to be controlled by C-group bZlP transcription factors. Moreover, direct physical interaction of ARR18 with bZIP63 was identified and shown to be dependent on phosphorylation of the conserved aspar- tate residue in the ARR18 receiver domain. We further show that bZlP63 itself functions as a negative regulator of seed germination upon osmotic stress. Using reporter gene assays in protoplasts, we demonstrated that ARR18 interaction negatively interferes with the transcriptional activity of bZIP63 on the PDH1 promoter. Our findings provide new insight into the function of ARR18 and bZIP63 as antagonistic regulators of gene expression in Arabidopsis.

关键词： two-component system osmotic stress bZIP63 ARR18 protein interaction transcription activation Arabidopsis thaliana.

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Specifying the role of BAK1-interacting receptor-like kinase 3 in brassinosteroid signaling

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2020年第4期62卷 456-469页

作者： Ruth Groβeholz Anna Feldman-Salit Friederike Wanke Sarina Schulze Nina Glockner Birgit Kemmerling klaus harter Ursula Kummer Centre for Organismal Studies/Bio Quant Heidelberg University69120 HeidelbergGermany Center for Plant Molecular Biology(ZMBP) University Tübingen72076 TubingenGermany

Brassinosteroids(BR) are involved in the control of several developmental processes ranging from root elongation to senescence and adaptation to environmental cues. Thus, BR perception and signaling have to be precisely regulated. One regulator is BRI1-associated kinase 1(BAK1)-interacting receptor-like kinase 3(BIR3). In the absence of BR, BIR3 forms complexes with BR insensitive 1(BRI1) and ***, the biophysical and energetic requirements for complex formation in the absence of the ligand have yet to be determined. Using computational modeling, we simulated the potential complexes between the cytoplasmic domains of BAK1, BRI1 and BIR3. Our calculations and experimental data confirm the interaction of BIR3 Rewith BAK1 and BRI1, with the BAK1 BIR3 interaction clearly favored. Furthermore, we demonstrate that BIR3 and BRI1 share the same interaction site with BAK1. This suggests a competition between BIR3 and BRI1 for binding to BAK1, which results in preferential binding of BIR3 to BAK1 in the absence of the ligand thereby preventing the active participation of BAK1 in BR signaling. Our model also suggests that BAK1 and BRI1 can interact even while BAK1 is in complex with BIR3 at an additional binding site of BAK1 that does not allow active BR signaling.

关键词： BAK1 interaction interacting

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PEP7 acts as a peptide ligand for the receptor kinase SIRK1 to regulate aquaporin-mediated water influx and lateral root growth

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Molecular Plant 2022年第10期15卷 1615-1631页

作者： Jiahui Wang Lin Xi Xu Na Wu Stefanie Konig Leander Rohr Theresia Neumann Jan Weber klaus harter Waltraud X.Schulze Department of Plant Systems Biology University of Hohenheim70593 StuttgartGermany School of Life Science Center for Life SciencesYunnan University650091 KunmingPeople's Republic of China Center for Plant Molecular Biology University of Tubingen72076 TubingenGermany

Plant receptors constitute a large protein family that regulates various aspects of development and responses to external *** characterization of this protein family and the identification of their ligands remain major challenges in plant ***,we identified plasma membrane-intrinsic sucrose-induced receptor kinase 1(SIRK1)and Qian Shou kinase 1(QSK1)as receptor/co-receptor pair involved in the regulation of aquaporins in response to osmotic conditions induced by *** this study,we identified a member of the elicitor peptide(PEP)family,namely PEP7,as the specific ligand of th receptor kinase ***7 binds to the extracellular domain of SIRK1 with a binding constant of 1.44±0.79μM and is secreted to the apoplasm specifically in response to sucrose *** of a signaling complex involving SIRK1,QSK1,and aquaporins as substrates is mediated by alterations in the external sucrose concentration or by PEP7 ***,the presence of PEP7 induces the phosphorylation of aquaporins in vivo and enhances water influx into *** water influx,in turn,led to delayed lateral root development in the pep7 *** loss-of-function mutant of SIRK1 is not responsive to external PEP7 treatment regarding kinase activity,aquaporin phosphorylation,water influx activity,and lateral root *** together,our data indicate that the PEP7/SIRK1/QSK1 complex represents a crucial perception and response module that mediates sucrose-controlled water flux in plants and lateral root development.

关键词： receptor kinase peptide signaling receptor-ligand pair sugar signaling regulation of water influx

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Toward a Molecular Understanding of Plant Hormone Actions

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Molecular Plant 2016年第1期9卷 1-3页

作者： Chuanyou Li Jiayang Li Kang Chong klaus harter Youngsook Lee Jeffrey Leung Enrico Martinoia Makoto Matsuoka Remko Offringa Lijia Qu Julian Schroeder Yunde Zhao Department of Physiology Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP) University of T&uuml bingen Auf der Morgenstelle 32 72076 T&uuml bingen Germany Unit&eacute Propre de Recherche 2355 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Institut des Sciences du V&eacute gé tal Saclay Plant Sciences Avenuede la Terrasse B&acirc timent 23 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France Cell and Developmental Biology Section Division of Biological Sciences University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla CA 92093-0116 USA

Plants rely on a diverse set of small-molecule hormones to regu- late every aspect of their biological processes including develop- ment, growth, and adaptation. Since the discovery of the first plant hormone, auxin, ... 详细信息

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