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Changes in various metabolic parameters in blood and milk during experimental Escherichia coli mastitis for primiparous Holstein dairy cows during early lactation

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2015年第1期6卷 37-46页

作者： Kasey M Moyes Torben Larsen Peter S?rensen klaus L Ingvartsen Department of Animal and Avian Sciences University of Maryland142 Animal Sciences BuildingMD 20742-231120910 College ParkMDUSA Department of Animal Science Faculty of Science and TechnologyAarhus University

Background： The objective of this study was to characterize the changes in various metabolic parameters in blood and milk during IMI challenge with Escherichia coli （E. coh. for dairy cows during early lactation. Thirty, healthy primiparous Holstein cows were infused （h = 0） with -20-40 cfu of live E. coil into one front mammary quarter at -4-6 wk in lactation. Daily feed intake and milk yield were recorded. At -12, 0, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 96, 108, 120, 132, 144, 156, 168, 180 and 192 h relative to challenge rectal temperatures were recorded and quarter foremilk was collected for analysis of shedding of E. coil Composite milk samples were collected at -180, -132, -84, -36, -12, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96, 132 and 180 h relative to challenge （h=0） and analyzed for lactate dehydrogenase （LDH）, somatic cell count, fat, protein, lactose, citrate, beta-hydroxybutyrate （BHBA）, free glucose （fglu）, and glucose-6-phosphate （G6P）. Blood was collected at -12, 0, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 60, 72, 84, 132 and 180 h relative to challenge and analyzed for plasma non-esterified fatty acids （NEFA）, BHBA and glucose concentration. A generalized linear mixed model was used to determine the effect of IMI challenge on metabolic responses of cows during early lactation. Results： By 12 h, E. coli was recovered from challenged quarters and shedding continued through 72 h. Rectal temperature peaked by 12 h post-challenge and returned to pre-challenge values by 36 h post-IMI challenge. Daily feed intake and milk yield decreased （P 〈0.05） by 1 and 2 d, respectively, after mastitis challenge. Plasma BHBA decreased （12 h, P 〈0.05） from 0.96± 1.1 at 0 h to 0.57±0.64 mmol/L by ]8 h whereas concentration of plasma NEFA （78 h） and glucose （24 h） were significantly greater, 11 and 27%, respectively, after challenge. In milk fglu, lactose, citrate, fat and protein yield were lower whereas yield of BHBA and G6P were higher after challenge when compared to pre-challenge values. Conclusion

关键词： Cow Early lactation Escherichia coli Metabolism

Opportunities beyond net-zero CO_(2)for cost-effective greenhouse gas mitigation in China

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Science Bulletin 2024年第21期69卷 3434-3443页

作者： Yating Kang Peipei Tian Kuishuang Feng Jiashuo Li klaus Hubacek Institute of Blue and Green Development Shandong UniversityWeihai 264209China Department of Geographical Sciences University of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20742USA Integrated Research on Energy Environment and Society(IREES)Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen(ESRIG)University of GroningenGroningen9747 AGtheNetherlands

Achieving net-zero CO_(2)emissions is the current main focus of China’s carbon neutrality ***,non-CO_(2)greenhouse gases(GHGs)are more powerful climate forcers,making their emission reduction an opportunity to rapidly mitigate future ***,we evaluate non-CO_(2)mitigation potentials,costs and climate benefits in the context of China’s carbon neutrality *** assessment is conducted by coupling the integrated assessment model GCAM with a climate *** findings indicate that mitigation technologies can largely reduce fluorinated gas emissions from industrial sectors,but long-term non-CO_(2)reductions of energy sector activities rely heavily on fuel ***,the cumulative costs of deploying non-CO_(2)mitigation technologies are projected to be less than 10%of the total costs of achieving carbon neutrality from 2020 to *** non-CO_(2)mitigation measures are included in the overall mitigation portfolio,the benefits of avoided warming would by far outweigh the total mitigation cost *** results thus highlight that incorporating a wider suite of GHGs into climate change mitigation strategies can enhance the cost-effectiveness of mitigation efforts.

关键词： Non-CO_(2)greenhouse gas Emission trajectory Mitigation cost Climate beneﬁt

超声定位与体表标志定位在儿童髂腹股沟-髂腹下神经阻滞中的比较：罗哌卡因血浆浓度测定的临床指导意义

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麻醉与镇痛 2012年第3期8卷 33-37页

作者： Marion Weintraud, md Marit Lundblad, md Stephan C. Kettner, md Harald Willschke, md Stephan Kapral, md Per-Arne Loennqvist, md Karl Koppatz klaus Turnheim, md Adrian Boesenberg, md Peter Marhofer, md 周洁(译) 李士通(校) Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria epartment of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Karolinska Hospital/Astrid Lindgren Hospital Stockholm Sweden Department of Pharmacology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria Red Cross Children Hospital Cape Town South Africa Department of Anesthesia University Cape Town Red Cross Children Hospital Cape Town South Africa 不详

背景儿童髂腹股沟-髂腹下神经阻滞常导致血浆局部麻醉药浓度过高。超声引导能为注射局麻药提供准确的解剖定位，从而影响局麻药的血浆浓度变化。为此，我们比较了超声定位与体表标志定位下行神经阻滞对罗哌卡因血浆浓度的影响。方法在... 详细信息

背景儿童髂腹股沟-髂腹下神经阻滞常导致血浆局部麻醉药浓度过高。超声引导能为注射局麻药提供准确的解剖定位，从而影响局麻药的血浆浓度变化。为此，我们比较了超声定位与体表标志定位下行神经阻滞对罗哌卡因血浆浓度的影响。方法在全麻诱导下，将66例准备行腹股沟疝修补术的儿童随机分为两组，年龄为8个月-7岁，一组在超声定位下行髂腹股沟-髂腹下神经阻滞（n=35），另一组在体表标志定位下行髂腹股沟-髂腹下神经阻滞（n=31），均使用0．5％的罗哌卡因0．25ml／kg（1．25mg／kg），分别在给药后0、5、10、20、30分钟用高效液相色谱法测罗哌卡因的血浆浓度，观察最大血浆浓度（Cmax），达峰时间（tmax），吸收率常数（ka），在时间0分钟时血浆浓度的上升速度（dC0／d1）和曲线下面积值（AUC）。结果使用超声定位技术阻滞患儿的Cmax（sd）、ka、dC0／dt和AUC的值均高于使用标志定位技术的值，而tmax的值也短于使用标志定位技术的值。[Cmax：1．78（0．62）vs1．23（0．70）μg／ml，P〈0．01；ka：14．4（10．7）vs11．7（11．4）h^-1，P〈0．05；dC0／d1：0．26（0．12）vs0．15（0．03）μg·ml^-1·min^-1，P〈0．01；AUC：42．4（15．9）vs27．2（18．1）μg·30min^-1·ml^-1，P〈0．001；tmax：20．4（8．6）vs25．3（7．6）分钟，P〈0．05）。结论药物代谢动力学数据表明：与体表标志定位相比，在超声定位下行髂腹股沟-髂腹下神经阻滞局麻药的最大血浆浓度更高，药物吸收也更快。因此，在超声定位下行髂腹股沟-髂腹下神经阻滞时需要考虑减少局麻药的用量。

关键词：神经阻滞血浆浓度髂腹股沟超声定位罗哌卡因体表标志髂腹下临床指导

Environmental taxation and regional inequality in China

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Science Bulletin 2019年第22期64卷 1691-1699页

作者： Jingxu Wang Jintai Lin Kuishuang Feng Peng Liu Mingxi Du Ruijing Ni Lulu Chen Hao Kong Hongjian Weng Mengyao Liu Giovanni Baiocchi Yu Zhao Zhifu Mi Jing Cao klaus Hubacek Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesSchool of Physics.Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Department of Geographical Sciences University of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20742USA School of the Environment Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210046China The Bartlett School of Construction and Project Management University College LondonLondon WC1E 7HBUK School of Economics and Management Hang Lung Center for Real EstateTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Center for Energy and Environmental Sciences(IVEM) Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen(ESRIG)University of GroningenGroningen 9747 AGthe Netherlands International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis Schlossplatz 1A-2361 LaxenburgAustria Department of Environmental Studies Masaryk UniversityJoStova 1060200 BrnoCzech Republic

In order to combat environmental pollution, China enacted the Environmental Protection Tax Law in early 2018. Yet the impacts of the environmental tax on individual regions with different socioeconomic statuses, which are crucial for social justice and public acceptance, remain unclear. Based on a MultiRegional Input-Output(MRIO) table and a nationally regulated tax payment calculation method, this study analyzes the distributional impacts of an environmental tax based upon province’s consumption from both inter-provincial and rural-urban aspects. The national tax revenue based on the current levy mechanism is estimated to be only one seventh of the economic loss from premature mortality caused by ambient particulate matter(PM2.5). The taxation may slightly alleviate urban-rural inequality but may not be helpful with reducing inter-provincial inequality. We further analyze two alternative levy mechanisms. If each province imposes taxes to products it consumes(rather than produces, as in the current mechanism), with the tax rate linearly dependent on its per capita consumption expenditure, this would moderately increase the national tax revenue and significantly reduce inter-provincial *** better compensate for the economic costs of air pollution and reduce regional inequality, it would be beneficial to increase the tax rate nationwide and implement a levy mechanism based on provincially differentiated levels of consumption and economic status.

关键词： Environmental taxation Inequality China Input-output analysis Levy mechanisms Air pollution

Priority areas at the frontiers of ecology and energy

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2018年第10期4卷 2-5页

作者： S.K.Chou Robert Costanza Philip Earis klaus Hubacek B.Larry Li Yonglong Lu Roland Span Hao Wang Jianping Wu Yegang Wu Jerry J.Yan Department of Mechanical Engineering National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore Crawford School of Public Policy The Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralia Joule Publication Department CellPressCambridgeMAUSA Geography Department University of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA Department of Botany and Plant Sciences University of California RiversideRiversideCAUSA State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Thermodynamics Faculty of Mechanical EngineeringRuhr University BochumBochumGermany Joule Publication Department China Institute of Hydraulic and Hydropower ResearchBeijingChina School of Civil Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina Joule Publication Department Beijing Bold Institute of Eco-City Planning&DesignBeijingChina Joule Publication Department Royal Institute of Technology(KTH)StockholmSweden

The complexity of economic development and humanitarian crisesmeans that energy science and technology should be involved in actions that address almost everymajor challenges of ecosystem health and *** is the engine of the world economy and the key to ecosystems’functioning,which also has a great impact on global *** energy crisis,environmental pollution,overuse of natural resources,water supply shortages,global climate disruption,and deteriorating ecosystems are major challenges to address in order to achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).In light of the frontiers in energy sciences and disruptive innovation in eco-tech,we recognize the need to review and establish working mechanisms that identify and examine issues that are critical to future sustainable development,to offer advice to decision-makers in different social sectors(public and private),to secure a shared future for mankind,and to achieve shared prosperity and common interests through international communications and collaborations.

关键词： Energy ecology sustainability United Nations Goals

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国际贸易对环境脆弱性的影响

Science Bulletin 2024年第4期69卷 426-430页

作者：王少剑梁筠怡陈湘杰方创琳刘康遥王婕妤冯奎双刘竹 klaus Hubacek 刘小平 School of Geography and Planning Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Department of Geographical Sciences University of MarylandCollege Park MD 20742USA Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Integrated Research on Energy Environment and Society(IREES)Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen(ESRIG)University of GroningenGroningenAG 9747the Netherlands

Owing to the harsh natural environment and unsustainable production system,environmental vulnerability differs substantially among and within regions^([1]).Over the past 20 years,the most environmentally vulnerable countries lost over half of their economic growth potential^([2]).International trade is a double-edged sword for environmental *** the one hand,production occurs beyond countries’borders while associated environmental impacts are displaced away from the location of consumption.

关键词：环境脆弱性国际贸易 border

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新型真空静压造型技术的原理与运用

铸造设备与工艺 2016年第5期 4-6页

作者： klaus Endtner 许云东德国md公司上海201314 笨马机电技术(上海)有限公司上海201314

自从上个世纪八十年代静压造型技术发明以来,已经普及近30年。目前世界上大多数全自动水平有箱造型线均使用静压造型技术。但是随着静压造型技术的普及,其能耗大、模板成本高、气流反弹等等缺点越来越明显,为了克服这些缺点,德国md公司... 详细信息

自从上个世纪八十年代静压造型技术发明以来,已经普及近30年。目前世界上大多数全自动水平有箱造型线均使用静压造型技术。但是随着静压造型技术的普及,其能耗大、模板成本高、气流反弹等等缺点越来越明显,为了克服这些缺点,德国md公司于2010年开始,推出了新一代的静压造型技术——真空静压造型技术。本文就真空静压造型技术的原理和运用,进行一些分析和介绍。

关键词：真空静压造型开发原理

Is <sup>18</sup>F-FDG-PET/CT a Valid Non-Invasive Predictor for Regression Grade after Neoadjuvant Treatment in Patients with NSCLC Stage III?

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2014年第6期5卷 531-541页

作者： Natalie Desiree Klass Richard P. Baum Michael Schmuecking Norbert Presselt klaus-Michael Mueller Thomas G. Wendt Reiner Bonnet Department of Nuclear Medicine Zentralklinik Bad Berka Bad Berka Germany Department of Pneumology Zentralklinik Bad Berka Bad Berka Germany Department of Radiation Oncology University of Jena Jena Germany Department of Radiation-Oncology Inselspital Bern University Hospital and University of Bern Bern Switzerland Department of Thoracic Surgery Zentralklinik Bad Berka Bad Berka Germany Institute of Pathology University of Münster Münster Germany

Introduction: CT alone cannot provide sufficient information referring to response after neoadjuvant therapy in a timely manner. To evaluate the role of 18F-FDG-PET after neoadjuvant chemoradiation as a valid, non-invasive predictor for early therapy response and its effect on survival as compared to histopathologic tumor response, data of 32 of 210 randomized patients with NSCLC stage IIIA/IIIB, who were treated in a?prospective randomized controlled multicenter trial (LUCAS- md), were re-evaluated. Material and Methods: For 32 patients with NSCLC stage IIIA (44%) IIIB (56%) neoadjuvant treatment consisted of two to three cycles of chemotherapy (225 mg/m2 paclitaxel and carboplatin AUC 6 d1q22) and concomitant chemoradiation (50 mg/m2 paclitaxel and carboplatin AUC 2 d1, d8, d15;1.5 Gy b.i.d. up to 45 Gy). Documentation of involved lymph node stations as detected by 18F-FDG-PET/CT and lymph node sampling during surgery according to the IASLC lymph node mapping (2009). Evaluation of histological regression grade (RG) according to Junker et al. (2001) and correlation with?18F-FDG-PET/CT for primary tumor and each lymph node station. Calculation of disease free survival using Kaplan-Meier estimates and log rank tests. Results: Actuarial tumor specific survival for the 32 patients with concomitant chemoradiation plus?chemotherapy: complete vs. incomplete metabolic remission prior to surgery after 60 months:?40% vs. 24% (p?= 0.018). RG III/IIb (no/less than 10% of vital tumor cells) vs. RG IIa/I (more than 10% vital tumor cells) after 60 months: 46% vs. 15% (p?= 0.006). 18/32 (56%) patients had RG III/IIb, 8/32 (25%) patients had regression grade III. 1/8 pts. with RG III were in the 18F-FDG- PET/CT false positive, 10 pts. with RG IIb (i.e. all pts. with RG IIb) were in the 18F-FDG-PET/CT false negative. One patient with RG IIa was in the 18F-FDG-PET/CT false negative. Hence, the cut-off level in detecting vital tumor cells by 18F-FDG-PET/CT after neoadjuvant chemoradia

关键词： NSCLC 1818F-FDG-PET Neoadjuvant Treatment Non-Invasive Predictor

反义脱氧寡核苷酸静脉输注抑制小鼠md-1表达延长皮肤移植物存活时间的研究

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中华微生物学和免疫学杂志 2005年第9期25卷 733-736页

作者：张鑫陈必成昌盛周鸿敏杜敦峰袁劲陈忠华华中科技大学同济医学院同济医院器官移植研究所国家教育部器官移植重点实验室国家卫生部器官移植重点实验室武汉430030

目的静脉输注反义脱氧寡核苷酸(简称反义核酸,AS-ODN)抑制小鼠md-1表达,并初步探讨md-1用于排斥反应诊断的前景。方法实验组(组1和组2)和阳性对照组(组3)行C57BL/6-BALB/c同种皮肤移植,阴性对照组(组4)行BALB/c-BALB/c同基因皮肤移植后... 详细信息

目的静脉输注反义脱氧寡核苷酸(简称反义核酸,AS-ODN)抑制小鼠md-1表达,并初步探讨md-1用于排斥反应诊断的前景。方法实验组(组1和组2)和阳性对照组(组3)行C57BL/6-BALB/c同种皮肤移植,阴性对照组(组4)行BALB/c-BALB/c同基因皮肤移植后,分别静脉输注小鼠md-1AS-ODN(组1)、随机序列脱氧寡核苷酸(组2)或生理盐水(组3和组4)。于术后第11天留样检测脾细胞md-1表达水平(FACS)、脾细胞增殖反应强度(AlamarBlue还原率)、血清IL-2和IL-10水平(ELISA)以及皮肤移植物组织学改变(组织病理学检查),并记录移植物存活时间。结果静脉输注小鼠md-1AS-ODN能明显减少BALB/c小鼠脾细胞中md-1阳性细胞百分数,降低脾细胞对特异性和非特异性刺激的增殖反应强度,下调血清IL-2水平和上调IL-10水平,减少移植物局部淋巴细胞浸润,并显著延长同种皮肤移植物存活时间。结论静脉输注md-1AS-ODN特异性抑制小鼠md-1表达可显著延长皮肤移植物的存活时间。md-1表达水平对排斥反应的发生具有一定的指示作用。

关键词： md-1 反义脱氧寡核苷酸细胞因子增殖反应存活时间反义脱氧寡核苷酸移植物存活时间皮肤移植物小鼠脾细胞 md-1 静脉输注显著延长非特异性刺激脾细胞增殖