Pressure overload(PO) first causes cardiac hypertrophy and then heart failure(HF),which are associated with sex differences in cardiac morphology and *** aimed to identify genes that may cause HF-related sex *** used ...
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Pressure overload(PO) first causes cardiac hypertrophy and then heart failure(HF),which are associated with sex differences in cardiac morphology and *** aimed to identify genes that may cause HF-related sex *** used a transverse aortic constriction(TAC) mouse model leading to hypertrophy without sex differences in cardiac function after 2 weeks,but with sex differences in hypertrophy 6 and 9 weeks after *** gene expression was analyzed 2 weeks after *** genes were classified into functional gene ontology(GO) categories and used for pathway *** marker genes of hypertrophy were similarly upregulated in both sexes(α-actin,ANP,BNP,CTGF).Thirty-five genes controlling mitochondrial function(PGC-1,cytochrome oxidase,carnitine palmitoyl transferase,acyl-CoA dehydrogenase,pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase) had lower expression in males compared to females after *** encoding ribosomal proteins and genes associated with extracellular matrix remodeling exhibited relative higher expression in males(collagen 3,matrix metalloproteinase 2,TIMP2,and TGFβ2,all about twofold) after *** confirmed 87% of the gene expression by real-time polymerase chain *** GO classification,female-specific genes were related to mitochondria and metabolism and males to matrix and *** studies confirmed the upregulation of PGC-1 by *** downregulation of metabolic genes in female hearts and increased protein synthesis capacity and deregulation of matrix remodeling in male hearts characterize the sex-specific early response to *** differences could contribute to subsequent sex differences in cardiac function and HF.
Pressure overload(PO) first causes cardiac hypertrophy and then heart failure(HF), which are associated with sex differences in cardiac morphology and function. We aimed to identify genes that may cause HF-related sex...
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Pressure overload(PO) first causes cardiac hypertrophy and then heart failure(HF), which are associated with sex differences in cardiac morphology and function. We aimed to identify genes that may cause HF-related sex differences. We used a transverse aortic constriction(TAC) mouse model leading to hypertrophy without sex differences in cardiac function after 2 weeks, but with sex differences in hypertrophy 6 and 9 weeks after TAC. Cardiac gene expression was analyzed 2 weeks after surgery. Deregulated genes were classified into functional gene ontology(GO) categories and used for pathway analysis. Classical marker genes of hypertrophy were similarly upregulated in both sexes(α-actin, ANP, BNP, CTGF). Thirty-five genes controlling mitochondrial function(PGC-1, cytochrome oxidase, carnitine palmitoyl transferase, acyl-Co A dehydrogenase, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase) had lower expression in males compared to females after TAC. Genes encoding ribosomal proteins and genes associated with extracellular matrix remodeling exhibited relative higher expression in males(collagen 3, matrix metalloproteinase 2, TIMP2, and TGFβ2, all about twofold) after TAC. We confirmed 87% of the gene expression by real-time polymerase chain reaction. By GO classification, female-specific genes were related to mitochondria and metabolism and males to matrix and biosynthesis. Promoter studies confirmed the upregulation of PGC-1 by E2. Less downregulation of metabolic genes in female hearts and increased protein synthesis capacity and deregulation of matrix remodeling in male hearts characterize the sex-specific early response to PO. These differences could contribute to subsequent sex differences in cardiac function and Hf.
To assess the peripheral refractive changes that occur when eye growth decelerates in *** We measured peripheral refraction and on-axis vitreous chamber depth on a total of 53 marmosets;36 treated monocularly for 12 w...
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To assess the peripheral refractive changes that occur when eye growth decelerates in *** We measured peripheral refraction and on-axis vitreous chamber depth on a total of 53 marmosets;36 treated monocularly for 12 weeks 9 hrs/day(26 with-5 D contact lenses,10 with+5 D)and 17 untreated *** the 26 marmosets treated with-5 D,10 wore contact lenses 9 hrs/day without interruptions and were mea-sured at the end of 10 weeks of treatment(T10)and after 4 weeks of recovery(R14).Eight had both contact lenses removed for 30 mins twice/day(mid-morning and mid-afternoon)during the first four weeks of treatment(early interruption group)and eight had the lenses removed during the second four weeks of treatment(late interruption group).The two interruption groups were measured after 4,8 and 12 weeks of treatment only(T4,T8,T12).
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