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Replacement of annular domain with trapezoidal domain in computational modeling of nonaqueous-phase-liquid dissolution-front propagation problems

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Journal of Central South University 2015年第5期22卷 1841-1846页

作者：赵崇斌 Thomas POULET klaus REGENAUER-LIEB Computational Geosciences Research Centre Central South University CSIRO Division of Earth Science and Resource Engineering P.O.Box 1130 Bentley WA 6102 Australia School of Earth and Environment The University of Western Australia

In order to simulate the instability phenomenon of a nonaqueous phase liquid(NAPL) dissolution front in a computational model, the intrinsic characteristic length is commonly used to determine the length scale at which the instability of the NAPL dissolution front can be initiated. This will require a huge number of finite elements if a whole NAPL dissolution system is simulated in the computational model. Even though modern supercomputers might be used to tackle this kind of NAPL dissolution problem, it can become prohibitive for commonly-used personal computers to do so. The main purpose of this work is to investigate whether or not the whole NAPL dissolution system of an annular domain can be replaced by a trapezoidal domain, so as to greatly reduce the requirements for computer efforts. The related simulation results have demonstrated that when the NAPL dissolution system under consideration is in a subcritical state, if the dissolution pattern around the entrance of an annulus domain is of interest, then a trapezoidal domain cannot be used to replace an annular domain in the computational simulation of the NAPL dissolution ***, if the dissolution pattern away from the vicinity of the entrance of an annulus domain is of interest, then a trapezoidal domain can be used to replace an annular domain in the computational simulation of the NAPL dissolution system. When the NAPL dissolution system under consideration is in a supercritical state, a trapezoidal domain cannot be used to replace an annular domain in the computational simulation of the NAPL dissolution system.

关键词： nonaqueous phase liquid(NAPL) trapezoidal domain computational simulation dissolution front instability

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Amine reclaiming technologies in post-combustion carbon dioxide capture

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第1期27卷 276-289页

作者： Tielin Wang Jon Hovland klaus J.Jens Telemark University College Tel-Tek Porsgrunn 3918 Norway

Amine scrubbing is the most developed technology for carbon dioxide（CO2） *** of amine solvents due to the presence of high levels of oxygen and other impurities in flue gas causes increasing costs and deterioration in long term performance,and therefore purification of the solvents is needed to overcome these problems. This review presents the reclaiming of amine solvents used for post combustion CO2capture（PCC）. Thermal reclaiming, ion exchange, and electrodialysis, although principally developed for sour gas sweetening, have also been tested for CO2 capture from flue *** three technologies all have their strengths and weaknesses, and further development is needed to reduce energy usage and costs. An expected future trend for amine reclamation is to focus on process integration of the current reclaiming technologies into the PCC process in order to drive down costs.

关键词： Carbon dioxide capture Amine reclaiming Distillation Ion exchange Electrodialysis

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Actuation of Liquid Flow by Guided Acoustic Waves on Punched Steel Tapes with Protruding Loops

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2021年第3期18卷 534-547页

作者： Alexander Backer Johannes Landskron klaus Stefan Drese Gerhard Lindner Institute of Sensor and Actuator Technology Coburg University of Applied Sciences and Arts96450 CoburgGermany

In a biomimetic approach the feasibility of liquid flow actuation by vibrating protruding structures excited via guided acoustic waves is *** by periodically beating cilia the loop part of a punched metallic hook-and-loop tape with tilted protruding loops was used as a waveguide for plate waves in *** waves were excited in the frequency range of 110 Hz to 220 Hz by directly coupling the tape to a loudspeaker membrane.A flow generated in the tilt direction of the loops with velocities up to 60 mm s 1 was visualized by ink droplets deposited on the *** phenomenon persisted,when the protruding length of the loops was reduced by decreasing the protrusion ***,after closing the punch holes near the loops with sticking tape streaming could not be observed any *** same happened with open punch holes when the ink was replaced by ***-frequency acoustic streaming around vibrating sharp edges is proposed as an explanation for the observed *** are expected with respect to the modification of flow profiles and the enhancement of transport processes along and across liquid-solid boundaries.

关键词： bio-inspired guided acoustic waves metallic hook-and-loop tape artificial cilia liquid propulsion Copyright

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Low-Temperature Plasticity of Naturally Deformed Calcite Rocks

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2002年第3期76卷 292-299页

作者：刘俊来 klaus WEBER Department of Geology Jilin University Changchun 130061 China Institute of Geololgy and Dynamics of the Lithoshere University of GoettingenGoettingen 37077Germany

Optical, cathodoluminescence and transmission electron microscope (TEM)analyses were conducted on four groups of calcite fault rocks, a cataclastic limestone, cataclasticcoarse-grained marbles from two fault zones, and a fractured mylonite. These fault rocks showsimilar microstructural characteristics and give clues to similar processes of rock *** are characterized by the structural contrast between macroscopic cataclastic (brittle) andmicroscopic mylonitic (ductile) microstructures. Intragranular deformation microstructures (*** twins, kink bands and microfractures) are well preserved in the deformed grains inclasts or in primary rocks. The matrix materials are of extremely fine grains with diffusivefeatures. Dislocation microstructures for co-existing brittle deformation and crystalline plasticitywere revealed using TEM. Tangled dislocations are often preserved at the cores of highly deformedclasts, while dislocation walls form in the transitions to the fine-grained matrix materials andfree dislocations, dislocation loops and dislocation dipoles are observed both in the deformedclasts and in the fine-grained matrix materials. Dynamic recrystallization grains from subgrainrotation recrystallization and subsequent grain boundary migration constitute the major parts of thematrix materials. Statistical measurements of densities of free dislocations, grain sizes ofsubgrains and dynamically recrystallized grains suggest an unsteady state of the rock *** and cathodoluminescence analyses prove that fluid activity is one of the major partsof faulting processes. Low-temperature plasticity, and thereby induced co-existence of macroscopicbrittle and microscopic ductile microstructures are attributed to hydrolytic weakening due to theinvolvement of fluid phases in deformation and subsequent variation of rock rheology. Duringhydrolytic weakening, fluid phases, e.g. water, enhance the rate of dislocation slip and climb, andincrea

关键词： calcite rocks low-temperature deformation fluid phase fracturing crystalline plasticity

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Characterization and modeling of the temperature-dependent thermal conductivity in sintered porous silicon-aluminum nanomaterials

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Nano Research 2022年第6期15卷 5663-5670页

作者： Danny Kojda Tommy Hofmann Natalia Gostkowska-Lekner klaus Habicht Department Dynamics and Transport in Quantum Materials Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbHBerlin D-14109Germany Institute of Physics and Astronomy University of PotsdamPotsdam D-14476Germany

Nanostructured silicon and silicon-aluminum compounds are synthesized by a novel synthesis strategy based on spark plasma sintering(SPS)of silicon nanopowder,mesoporous silicon(pSi),and aluminum *** interplay of metal-assisted crystallization and inherent porosity is exploited to largely suppress thermal *** and temperaturedependent thermal conductivity studies allow us to elucidate the impact of porosity and nanostructure on the macroscopic heat *** electron microscopy along with quantitative image analysis is applied to characterize the sample morphology in terms of domain size and interpore distance *** demonstrate that nanostructured domains and high porosity can be maintained in densified mesoporous silicon *** contrast,strong grain growth is observed for sintered nanopowders under similar sintering *** observe that aluminum agglomerations induce local grain growth,while aluminum diffusion is observed in porous silicon and dispersed nanoparticles.A detailed analysis of the measured thermal conductivity between 300 and 773 K allows us to distinguish the effect of reduced thermal conductivity caused by porosity from the reduction induced by phonon scattering at nanosized *** a modified Landauer/Lundstrom approach the relative thermal conductivity and the scattering length are *** relative thermal conductivity confirms the applicability of Kirkpatrick’s effective medium *** extracted scattering lengths are in excellent agreement with the harmonic mean of log-normal distributed domain sizes and the interpore distances combined by Matthiessen’s rule.

关键词： thermal conductivity mesoporous silicon porosity spark plasma sintering nanoscale modeling

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NF-κB Regulates B-Cell-Derived Nerve Growth Factor Expression

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2006年第1期3卷 63-66页

作者： klaus Heese Noriko Inoue Tohru Sawada Department of Molecular and Cell Biology School of Biological SciencesNanyang Technological University60 Nanyang DriveSingapore 637551Singapore BF Research Institute Inc.Itoyoshi Building 2012-5-9 DoshomachiChuo-kuOsaka 541-0045Japan BF Research Institute Inc. Itoyoshi Building 2012-5-9 DoshomachiChuo-kuOsaka 541-0045Japan

In the mammalian brain, four neurotrophins have been identified： nerve growth factor （NGF）, brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF）, neurotrophin-3 （NT-3） and neurotrophin-4/5 （NT-4/5）. NGF exerts an important role in the development and functions of the central and peripheral nervous system. However, it has recently been documented that several types of immune cells, such as mast ceils, iymphocytes, basophils and eosinophils, produce, store and release NGF. Accumulating preclinical and clinical data indicate that dysfunctions of NGF and the other neurotrophins may contribute to impaired immune responses and concentration of NGF frequently correlates with disease severity. Thus, the aim of this study was to elucidate the potential signaling mechanisms of cytokineneurotrophins interactions contributing to increased NGF levels. Our data show that the transcription factor NF-κB plays a pivotal role in regulating B-cell-derived NGF expression.

关键词： immune system inflammation interleukin NGF neurotrophin

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Vernacular Architecture: A Term Denoting and Transporting Diverse Content

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Built Heritage 2019年第4期3卷 14-25页

作者： klaus Zwerger Vienna University of Technology ViennaAustria

A selective review of the literature demonstrates the difficulty in defining‘vernacular architecture’.Recent studies have presented an overly narrow,single-sided,or even unacceptable image of the topic in comparison with many earlier definitions and ***,those earlier analyses also had various *** interdependence of vernacular architecture,economic interests,and emerging awareness of buildings’interaction with the environment demand a rethinking of vernacular architecture,which the present study understands as signifying housing offered for most of the world’s population.

关键词： vernacular architecture interdependence resource scarcity changed expectations

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The impact of autophagy in spermiogenesis

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2017年第6期19卷 617-618页

作者： Nihan Ozturk klaus Steger Undraga Schagdarsurengin Clinic of Urology Pediatric Urology and AndrologySection Molecular Andrology Justus-Liebig-UniversityGiessen Schubertstrasse 81 35392 GiessenGermany.

Autophagy is an evolutionarily .conserved self-digestion process whichis essential to keep basal homeostasis in a cell. During this process, degradation and recycling of many cytoplasmic components including the long-lived, unnecessary or aggregated proteins and damaged organelles is achieved through lysosomal machinery. Autophagy has a critical role for lower eukaryotic organisms such as yeast to survive and adapt to nutrient starvation conditions. In addition to this primary function, autophagy appears as a crucial mechanism for cell differentiation and development enabling the cells to modify their content and morphology in response to environmental and hormonal cues. A recent study by Shang et all shed more light on the molecular mechanisms of how autophagy regulates spermiogenesis.

关键词： impact autophagy spermiogenesis

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Migration routes and strategies of Grey Plovers (Pluvialis squatarola) on the East Atlantic Flyway as revealed by satellite tracking

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Avian Research 2019年第3期10卷 305-318页

作者： klaus-Michael Exo Franziska Hillig Franz Bairlein Institute of Avian Research Vogelwarte Helgoland

Background:While the general migration routes of most waders are known,details concerning connectivity between breeding grounds, stopover sites and wintering grounds are often *** information is critical from the conservation perspective and necessary for understanding the annual *** are especially needed to identify key stopover sites in remote regions. Using satellite transmitters, we traced spring and autumn migration routes and connectivity of Grey Plovers on the East Atlantic *** findings also revealed the timing,flight speed, and duration of migrations. Methods:We used ARGOS satellite transmitters to track migration routes of 11 Grey Plovers that were captured at the German Wadden Sea where they had stopped during *** were monitored for up to 3 years,***:Monitoring signals indicated breeding grounds in the Taimyr and Yamal regions;important staging sites on the coasts of the southern Pechora Sea and the Kara Sea;and wintering areas that ranged from NW-Ireland to Guinea *** average distance traveled from wintering grounds to breeding grounds was 5534 km. Migration duration varied between 42 and 152 days;during this period birds spent about 95% of the time at staging *** spring most plovers crossed inland Eastern Europe, whereas in autumn most followed the *** all of the birds departed during favorable wind conditions within just 4 days (27-30 May) on northward migration from the Wadden *** spring birds migrated significantly faster between the Wadden Sea and the Arctic than on return migration in autumn (12 vs.37 days),with shorter stopovers during the northward ***:Our study shows that satellite tags can shed considerable light on migration strategies by revealing the use of different regions during the annual cycle and by providing detailed quantitative data on population connectivity and migration timing.

关键词： Annual cycle Long-distance migration Migration speed Migration strategy Migration timing Satellite transmitters Shorebirds Tracking Stopover

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Different faces of gastroparesis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第48期15卷 6052-6060页

作者： klaus Bielefeldt Naeem Raza Susan L Zickmund Division of Gastroenterology University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Center of Health Equity Research and Practice at the Veteran Administration Health System Pittsburgh

AIM： To test the hypothesis that pain and affect rather than impaired emptying determine symptom severity in patients with gastroparesis. METHODS： Adult patients with documented gastroparesis were enrolled prospectively in a single center and asked to complete the Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index （GCSt）, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale （HADS）, the Short Form 12 （SF-12） as quality of life index, rate pain severity and answer 10 open-ended questions. RESULTS： A total of 55 patients （44 women） participated. Idiopathic （n = 29） or diabetic （n = 11） gastroparesis and connective tissue disease （n = 8） were the most common underlying causes. Antiemetics （n = 30） and prokinetics （n = 32） were most often prescribed. Seventeen patients used opioids on a daily basis. Nausea and/or vomiting （n = 28）, pain （n = 24） and bloating （n = 14） were most commonly listed as dominant symptoms. Patients subjectively attributed symptom improvement to nutritional and dietary therapy （n= 11）, prokinetics （n = 11）, antiemetics （n = 10） or analgesic agents （n = 3）. In univariate analyses, the physical subscore of the SF-12 and HADS, but not gastric emptying delay or symptom duration significantly correlated with disease severity as measured by the GCSI. In multivariate analyses, the combination of vomiting, bloating and depression best predicted the overall impact on quality of life. CONCLUSION： The study confirms the importance of pain and affect in gastroparesis, which requires novel approaches to improve more effectively the quality of life in patients with this disorder.

关键词： Pain Depression Gastroparesis Quality oflife

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