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Accumulation of aberrant DNA methylation during colorectal cancer development

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第4期20卷 978-987页

作者： Eiji Sakai Atsushi nakajima Atsushi Kaneda Department of Gastroenterology Yokohama City University School of Medicine Genome Science Division Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology The University of Tokyo Department of Molecular Oncology Graduate School of Medicine Chiba University CREST Japan Science and Technology Agency

Despite the recent advances in the therapeutic modalities,colorectal cancer(CRC)remains to be one of the most common causes of cancer-related *** arises through accumulation of multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations that transform normal colonic epithelium into *** crucial roles of epigenetic alterations,gene silencing by aberrant DNA methylation of promoter regions is one of the most important epigenetic *** comprehensive methylation analyses on genome-wide scale revealed that sporadic CRC can be classified into distinct *** epigenotype cooperates with specific genetic alterations,suggesting that they represent different molecular carcinogenic *** lesions of CRC,such as conventional and serrated adenomas,already show similar methylation accumulation to CRC,and can therefore be classified into those epigenotypes of *** addition,specific DNA methylation already occurs in the normal colonic mucosa,which might be utilized for prediction of the personal CRC *** methylation is suggested to occur at an earlier stage than carcinoma formation,and may predict the molecular basis for future development of ***,we review DNA methylation and CRC classification,and discuss the possible clinical usefulness of DNA methylation as biomarkers for the diagnosis,prediction of the prognosis and the response to therapy of CRC.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Colorectal adenoma Aberrant crypt foci Genetic mutation Epigenotype DNA methylation Colorectal carcinogenesis

Limitations of liver biopsy and non-invasive diagnostic tests for the diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第2期20卷 475-485页

作者： Yoshio Sumida Atsushi nakajima Yoshito Itoh Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Kyoto Prefectural University of MedicineKyoto 602-8566Japan Division of Gastroenterology Yokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohama 236-0004Japan

It is estimated that 30% of the adult population in Japan is affected by nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Fatty changes of the liver are generally diagnosed using imaging methods such as abdominal ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography (CT), but the sensitivity of these imaging techniques is low in cases of mild steatosis. Alanine aminotransferase levels may be normal in some of these patients, warranting the necessity to establish a set of parameters useful for detecting NAFLD, and the more severe form of the disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Although liver biopsy is currently the gold standard for diagnosing progressive NASH, it has many drawbacks, such as sampling error, cost, and risk of complications. Furthermore, it is not realistic to perform liver biopsies on all NAFLD patients. Diagnosis of NASH using various biomarkers, scoring systems and imaging methods, such as elastography, has recently been attempted. The NAFIC score, calculated from the levels of ferritin, fasting insulin, and type IV collagen 7S, is useful for the diagnosis of NASH, while the NAFLD fibrosis score and the FIB-4 index are useful for excluding NASH in cases of advanced fibrosis. This article reviews the limitations and merits of liver biopsy and noninvasive diagnostic tests in the diagnosis of NAFLD/NASH.

关键词： Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Liver biopsy Steatosis Fibrosis Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

Teukolsky-like equations with various spins in spherically symmetric spacetime

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第8期48卷 213-223页

作者： Ya Guo Hiroaki nakajima Wenbin Lin School of Physical Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China School of Mathematics and Physics University of South ChinaHengyang 421001China

We study wave equations with various spins on the background of a general spherically symmetric *** obtain the unified expression of the Teukolsky-like master equations and the corresponding radial equations with the general *** also discuss the gauge dependence in the gravitational-wave equations,which have appeared in previous studies.

关键词： gravitational wave effective one-body dynamics Teukolsky equation wave equations Klein-Gordon equation Weyl equation Maxwell equation

Characterization of Three Homoeologous cDNAs Encoding Chloroplast-targeted Aminolevulinic Acid Dehydratase in Common Wheat

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2011年第12期53卷 942-950页

作者： Yu Takenouchi Haruka nakajima Kengo Kanamaru Shigeo Takumi Laboratory of Plant Genetics Graduate School of Agricultural Science Kobe University Kobe 657-8501 Japan Laboratory of Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Agricultural Science Kobe University Kobe 657-8501 Japan

In the tetrapyrrole biosynthetic pathway of higher plants, 5-aminolevulinic acid （ALA） is metabolized by ALA dehydratase （ALAD）. Here, we isolated ALAD1 cDNA from common wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） and its diploid progenitors, and produced transgenic tobacco plants expressing the wheat ALAD1 gene. The ALAD1 genes were highly conserved among wheat relatives, and three homoeologous loci of wheat ALAD1 （TaALAD1） were equally transcribed in common wheat. A transient expression assay of a TaALAD1-GFP （green fluorescent protein） fusion protein suggested that TaALAD1 is localized in chloroplasts. Overexpression of TaALAD1 in transgenic tobacco resulted in a significant increase in ALAD activity in leaves. Moreover, the transgenic tobacco showed vigorous growth and increased survival rate on medium containing ALA at herbicidal concentrations. These results indicate that wheat ALAD1 has catalytic activity in metabolizing ALA in plastids, and that ectopic expression of TaALAD1 in transgenic plants increases their tolerance to ALA application at high concentrations.

关键词： 5-aminolevulinic acid chloroplast targeting herbicide resistance transgenic tobacco Triticum aestivum 5-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase transcriptional control

Certification Criteria in Type I Ecolabelling Related to Metals for Sustainable Materials Management

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Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong university(Science) 2012年第3期17卷 377-379页

作者： ICHIRO Daigo KENICHI nakajima TAKASHI Fujisaki Graduate School of Engineering The University of TokyoTokyo 113-8656Japan National Institute for Environmental Studies Tsukuba 305-8506Japan Japan Environment Association Tokyo 103-0002Japan

A sustainable materials management for metals should be achieved to conserve resources of metal *** the sustainable materials management,material flows through the whole life cycle of materials have been recognized by material flow analysis(MFA) *** MFA studies pointed out that cyclic use of metals could be enhanced not only by increasing quantity of recovered scrap but also by upgrading quality of the *** general,the quality is degraded by contaminants which commingle at disassembling *** mixture of contaminants depends on usage of materials in ***,Type I ecolabelling has a potential to convey messages for avoiding mixture of contaminants to the producers of finished *** this study,on the basis of a survey on existing certification criteria related to metals in the world,a general concept of certification criteria on sustainable materials management for metals in Type I ecolabelling system is ***,we propose six criteria in the form of certification criteria in Type I ecolabelling system.

关键词： ecolabelling metal recycling certification criteria life cycle thinking design for environment

Age-dependent changes in the association between sleep duration and impaired glucose metabolism

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World Journal of Diabetes 2017年第8期8卷 397-406页

作者： Kei nakajima Kaname Suwa Kenji Toyama School of Nutrition and Dietetics Faculty of Health and Social Services Kanagawa University of Human Services Yokosuka Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Saitama Medical Center Saitama Medical University Saitama Health Promotion Corporation

AIM To investigate whether the association between sleep duration and impaired glucose metabolism varies among younger and older *** We reviewed data of self-reported habitual sleep duration per night, HbA1c levels, and clinically relevant factors in a cross-sectional checkup database of 75472 Japanese from the general population aged 20-79 years(51695 men and 23777 women). Associations of prediabetes(HbA1c ≥ 5.7% and/or diabetic pharmacotherapy) or diabetes(HbA1c ≥ 6.5% and/or diabetic pharmacotherapy) with short and long sleep durations compared with a reference sleep duration(7 h) were investigated by multivariate logistic regression analysis. We controlled for potential relevant confounders, including age, sex, and work duration per day according to younger and older *** As age advanced, sleep duration became longer and this increase in the 40 s and 50 s was two times greater in men than in women. This finding was accompanied by a deterioration in HbA1c levels. In subjects aged youngerthan 40 years(n = 32929), HbA1c levels were inversely and linearly correlated with sleep duration in both sexes. However, in subjects aged 40 years or older(n = 42543), HbA1c levels showed a non-linear relationship against sleep duration with a nadir at 7 h. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that in younger subjects, short durations of sleep(≤ 5 h and 6 h) were positively associated with prediabetes(both P < 0.001), but a long duration of sleep(≥ 8 h) was inversely associated with prediabetes(P < 0.001). These associations remained significant after adjustment for relevant confounders, including age, sex, and work duration per day(ORs = 1.20, 95%CI: 1.05-1.37, P < 0.001; ORs = 1.12, 95%CI: 1.02-1.24, P < 0.05; and ORs = 0.84, 95%CI: 0.72-0.99, P < 0.05, respectively). In contrast, in older subjects, besides an association of prediabetes with a short duration of sleep(≤ 5 h)(ORs = 1.12, 95%CI: 1.03-1.21, P < 0.01), diabetes was significant

关键词： Sleep Prediabetes Diabetes HbA1c Aging

RECENT PROGRESS OF NANO-MECHANICAL MAPPING

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2009年第1期27卷 37-47页

作者： Toshio Nishi Sae Nagai So Fujinami Ken nakajima WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research Tohoku University 2-I-1KatahiraAoba-kuSendaiMiyagi 980-8577Japan

Nano-mechanical mapping by atomic force microscopy has been developed as an useful application to measure mechanical properties of soft materials at nanometer *** date,the Hertzian theory was used for analyzing force- distance curves as the simplest model among several contact mechanics between elastic ***,the preexisting methods based on this theory do not consider the adhesive interaction in principle,which cannot be neglected in the ambient condition.A new analytical method was introduced...

关键词： Atomic force microscopy Nano-mechanical mapping Force-distance curve JKR theory

Diagnosis and therapeutic strategies for small bowel vascular lesions

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第22期25卷 2720-2733页

作者： Eiji Sakai Ken Ohata Atsushi nakajima Nobuyuki Matsuhashi Department of Gastroenterology NTT Medical Center TokyoTokyo 141-8625Japan Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Yokohama City University School of MedicineYokohama 236-0004Japan

Small bowel vascular lesions, including angioectasia (AE), Dieulafoy’s lesion (DL) and arteriovenous malformation (AVM), are the most common causes of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. Since AE are considered to be venous lesions, they usually manifest as a chronic, well-compensated condition. Subsequent to video capsule endoscopy, deep enteroscopy can be applied to control active bleeding or to improve anemia necessitating blood transfusion. Despite the initial treatment efficacy of argon plasma coagulation (APC), many patients experience re-bleeding, probably because of recurrent or missed AEs. Pharmacological treatments can be considered for patients who have not responded well to other types of treatment or in whom endoscopy is contraindicated. Meanwhile, a conservative approach with iron supplementation remains an option for patients with mild anemia. DL and AVM are considered to be arterial lesions;therefore, these lesions frequently cause acute life-threatening hemorrhage. Mechanical hemostasis using endoclips is recommended to treat DLs, considering the high re-bleeding rate after primary APC cauterization. Meanwhile, most small bowel AVMs are large and susceptible to re-bleeding therefore, they usually require surgical resection. To achieve optimal diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for each type of small bowel lesion, the differences in their epidemiology, pathology and clinical presentation must be understood.

关键词： Angiodysplasia Angioectasia Dieulafoy's lesion Arteriovenous malformation Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding Video capsule endoscopy Deep enteroscopy Argon plasm coagulation

NANOMECHANICAL MAPPING OF CARBON BLACK REINFORCED NATURAL RUBBER BY ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2007年第1期25卷 35-41页

作者： Toshio Nishi Hideyuki Nukaga So Fujinami Ken nakajima Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials Graduate School of Science and EngineeringTokyo Institute of Technology2-12-1 O-okayamaMeguro-kuTokyo 152-8552Japan

Atomic force microscopy （AFM） has the advantage of obtaining mechanical properties as well as topographic information at the same time. By analyzing force-distance curves measured over two-dimensional area using Hertzian contact mechanics, Young＇s modulus mapping was obtained with nanometer-scale resolution. Furthermore, the sample deformation by the force exerted was also estimated from the force-distance curve analyses. We could thus reconstruct a real topographic image by incorporating apparent topographic image with deformation image. We applied this method to carbon black reinforced natural rubber to obtain Young＇s modulus distribution image together with reconstructed real topographic image. Then we were able to recognize three regions; rubber matrix, carbon black （or bound rubber） and intermediate regions. Though the existence of these regions had been investigated by pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance, this paper would be the first to report on the quantitative evaluation of the interfacial region in real space.

关键词： AFM, Natural rubber Carbon black Young's modulus Force-distance curve.