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International Relations and Diplomacy 2017年第9期5卷 554-574页

作者： kiyoshi adachi National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies Tokyo Japan

Developing countries sometimes request the assistance of intergovernmental organizations to help write new laws, policies, and regulations where they did not exist, to review draft legislation, or to assist in the updating and amendment of outdated laws and policies. This paper seeks to examine the extent to which policy advice provided by intergovernmental organizations differs depending upon the provider, and assesses the extent to which developing countries are conscious of those biases when they request technical assistance. Advice on the sensitive topics of intellectual property, investment, and competition that have been provided to policy makers of developing countries by different multilateral agencies is examined. On the supply side, the paper draws upon advisory reports published by the secretariats of international organizations. On the demand side, this review is complemented by a survey of the extent to which those requesting advice in developing countries are conscious of policy bias when they ask for advisory services.

关键词： intergovernmental organizations technical assistance policy advice bias developing countries intellectual property investment competition

Can the early bird catch the worm? Effects of early rising on leukocyte subsets via modification of autonomic nervous system and the effect on glucose levels

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Natural Science 2013年第11期5卷 1133-1138页

作者： Mayumi Watanabe Yiwei Ling Chikako Tomiyama kiyoshi adachi Hidetoshi Mori Kazushi Nishijo Toru Abo Kohei Akazawa Department of Health Faculty of Health Science Tsukuba University of Technology Tsukuba Japan Department of Immunology Niigata University School of Medicine Niigata Japan Department of Medical Informatics Niigata University Medical & Dental Hospital Niigata Japan Department of Medical Informatics Niigata University Medical & Dental Hospital Niigata Japan Department of Health Faculty of Health Science Tsukuba University of Technology Tsukuba Japan School of Health Sciences Faculty of Medicine Niigata University Niigata Japan Shinjuku Acupuncture and Judo Therapy School Tokyo Japan Department of Immunology Niigata University School of Medicine Niigata Japan

The importance of sleep has been described in proverbs such as “the early bird catches the worm”. However, there are few scientific reports on the effects of early rising. Therefore, early risers (Group E) and late risers (Group L) were compared and the number and ratio of leukocytes, body temperature, glucose and its associated hormones were studied. Furthermore, each group was divided into two groups by the duration of sleep and the following four groups were compared: early risers with short sleep (Group E-S);early risers with long sleep (Group E-L);late risers with short sleep (Group L-S);and late risers with long sleep (Group L-L). Then, compared with Group L, Group E showed lower numbers and ratio of granulocytes and a higher ratio of lymphocytes showing parasympathetic nerve dominance. Group E showed higher levels of glucose and its related hormones than Group L, indicating sympathetic nerve dominance. Compared with Groups E-S and L-S, Groups E-L and L-L showed lower glucose and cortisol levels, respectively. These results indicated that early rising might affect leukocyte subsets, and adequate duration of sleep could decrease levels of glucose via modification of the autonomic nervous system.

关键词： Early Rising Leukocyte Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

rare type of pancreatitis as the first presentation ofanti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-related vasculitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第7期22卷 2383-2390页

作者： Tomoya Iida Takeya adachi Tetsuya Tabeya Suguru Nakagaki Takashi Yabana Akira Goto Yoshihiro Kondo kiyoshi Kasai Department of Gastroenterology Otaru City General HospitalOtaruHokkaido 047-8550Japan Department of Internal Medicine of Connective Tissue Disease Otaru City General HospitalOtaruHokkaido 047-8550Japan Department of Diagnostic Pathology Otaru City General HospitalOtaruHokkaido 047-8550Japan

A pancreatic tumor was suspected on the abdominal ultrasound of a 72-year-old man. Abdominal computed tomography showed pancreatic enlargement as well as a diffuse, poorly enhanced area in the pancreas; endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography failed to provide a definitive diagnosis. Based on the trend of improvement of the pancreatic enlargement, the treatment plan involved follow-up examinations. Later, he was hospitalized with an alveolar hemorrhage and rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis; he tested positive for myeloperoxidase-anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody(ANCA) and was diagnosed with ANCArelated vasculitis, specifically microscopic polyangiitis. It appears that factors such as thrombus formation caused by the vasculitis in the early stages of ANCArelated vasculitis cause abnormal distribution of the pancreatic blood flow, resulting in non-uniform pancreatitis. Pancreatic lesions in ANCA-related vasculitis are very rare. Only a few cases have been reported previously. Therefore, we report our case and a review of the literature.

关键词： Pancreas Pancreatitis Antibodies Antineutrophil cytoplasmic Vasculitis Microscopic polyangiitis

Predictive Factors of the Presence and Number of Noncalcified Coronary Plaque in Japanese Patients with Zero Coronary Artery Calcium Score Using 64-Slice Multi-Detector Computed Tomography

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Advances in Computed Tomography 2013年第3期2卷 112-120页

作者： Yoshiki Noda Ryo Matsutera Yoshinori Yasuoka kiyoshi Kume Hidenori adachi Susumu Hattori Ryo Araki Motohiro Kosugi Yasuaki Kohama Tetsufumi Nakashima Tatsuya Sasaki Cardiovascular Division Osaka Minami Medical Center National Hospital Organization Osaka Japan

Background: Factors that can predict the presence and number of noncalcified coronary plaques (NCP) in Japanese patients with zero coronary artery calcium scores (CACS) essentially remain undefined. Methods and Results: We assessed independent predictors of the presence and number of segments with NCP in 111 Japanese patients with zero CACS who underwent 64-slice multi-detector computed tomography at our hospital. Thirty five patients (32%) had NCP, and 24 patients (22%) had ≥ 2 NCPs. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that significant predictors for the presence of NCP were age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01 - 1.11, p = 0.021), male (OR: 3.61, 95% CI 1.40 - 9.35, p = 0.008) and diabetes mellitus (OR: 3.10, 95% CI 1.02 - 9.45, p = 0.046), and those for the presence of ≥ 2 NCPs were age (OR: 1.08, 95% CI 1.02 - 1.15, p = 0.007) and a current smoking habit (OR: 5.09, 95% CI 1.00 - 25.74, p = 0.049). Multiple linear regression analysis identified advanced age, male gender and diabetes mellitus as independent predictors of the number of NCPs. A novel score calculated from the above four predictors showed moderate accuracy for a diagnosis of NCP and ≥ 2 NCPs, with areas under receiver operating curves of 0.738 and 0.736, respectively. Conclusions: Male Japanese patients with zero CACS, advanced age, diabetes mellitus and a current smoking habit might have NCPs.

关键词： Zero Coronary Artery Calcium Score Number of Noncalcified Coronary Plaque 64-Slice Multi-Detector Computed Tomography Japanese Patients