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Significance of Transients in Soil Temperature Series

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Pedosphere 2007年第6期17卷 766-775页

作者： X. ZHOU N. PERSAUD D. P. BELESKY R. B. clark Department of Crop ＆ Soil Sciences The Pennsylvania State University State College Pennsylvania 16802 （USA） Department of Crop ＆ Soil Environmental Sciences Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg Virginia 24061 （USA） USDA//ARS//AFSRC 1224 Airport Road Beaver West Virginia 25813 （USA）

The primary objective of this study was to investigate the impact of observation scale on the estimation of soil thermal *** are usually filtered out and ignored when classical Fourier approaches are used to deconstruct and model temperature time *** was hypothesized that examination of such transients may be more important in identifying and quantifying short-term perturbations in internal soil heat transfer induced by agronomic disturbances. Data-logged temperatures were collected at 10-minute intervals from thermistor probes installed at 10 and 25 cm depths in isolated areas of two grassed *** plot(6T)had been treated twice with 6 Mg ha^(-1)composted turkey litter as *** other plot(NPK)was fertilized at the same time with NPK *** methods were used to analyze the series to obtain apparent soil thermal diffusivity(D-value)at various time *** supported the hypothesis that short-term differences in internal soil heat transfer between the 6T and NPK plots were more manifest and effectively captured by estimated D-values calculated from the monthly and daily partial *** 6T plot had higher soil organic matter content than the NPK plot and had lower apparent soil thermal *** soil temperature amplitudes, required to calculate the mean D-values from partial series,were more effectively obtained using a temperature change rate *** more commonly used Fourier analysis tended to be effective for this purpose when the partial series reasonably presented well-defined diurnal patterns of increasing and decreasing temperatures.

关键词： Fourier analysis organic matter soil temperature series thermal diffusivity

Mapping groundwater dependent ecosystem potential in a semi-arid environment using aremote sensing-based multiple-lines-of-evidence approach

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2023年第1期16卷 375-406页

作者： Stephen G.Fildes Tanya M.Doody David Bruce Ian F.clark Okke Batelaan UniSA STEM University of South AustraliaAdelaideAustralia CSIRO Land and WaterAdelaideAustralia National Centre for Groundwater Research and Training(NCGRT) College of Science and EngineeringFlinders UniversityBedford ParkAustralia

Groundwater dependent ecosystems(GDEs)are vulnerable to groundwater regime ***,their protection is often hampered by challenges in their *** is presented a remote sensing-based GDE potential mapping approach based on the persistency of relevant vegetation parameters during prolonged dry periods as an indicator of potential‘consistency’of water supply(***).The study uses a novel approach to characterising persistency for selected vegetation parameters based on a normalised difference measure and an adaptation of the coefficient of variation *** of parameters was facilitated through the analytic hierarchy process providing a structured weighting approach to minimise parameter *** approach is demonstrated in the semi-arid Flinders Ranges of South Australia where new groundwater resources are being sought to support local domestic and industry *** in GDE potential were mapped to better target areas where exploration of groundwater should be *** results indicated a high-level of agreement of 77%with an independent springs dataset,along with an 87%agreement with areas coinciding with known phreatophyte species and depths to *** index-based mapping approach has potential applicability across landscapes,as it normalises for variations in vegetation cover,minimises technical overheads,and employs continental-wide remote sensing data-products.

关键词： coefficient of variation NDVI coefficient of variation fractional cover barest Earth wetness percentiles actual evapotranspiration analytic hierarchy process groundwater potential

Local Volunteerism and Resilience Following Large-Scale Disaster: Outcomes for Health Support Team Volunteers in Haiti

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2014年第3期5卷 206-213页

作者： Jessica A.Carlile Kira Mauseth NoёlE.clark Jennifer L.Cruz John W.Thoburn Department of Clinical Psychology Seattle Pacific UniversitySeattleWA 98119USA Department of Psychology Seattle UniversitySeattleWA 98122USA

In-depth interviews with local Haitian volunteers trained in a psychological disaster recovery program called Health Support Team(HST) provide insight into the psychosocial outcomes resulting from their engagement with the program. Qualitative interviews were conducted with four male Haitian participants who had survived the January 2010 Haiti earthquake and had worked as HST volunteers for at least 6 months. Interviews were analyzed using narrative inquiry analysis, which allows individuals to discover and disclose a deeper meaning in their experience and enables the researchers to access more detailed data. Previous research supports the claim that volunteerism provides many important psychological benefits, and the results of the present study suggest that among survivors of large-scale disasters, volunteerism is beneficial as a means of increasing psychological resilience and facilitating personal recovery. Results and themes of our analysis included a reported increase in both hope and purpose for the respondents. Findings suggest that volunteerism on the part of members of the surviving community following large-scale disaster increases resilience among the volunteers and further contributes to their recovery.

关键词： Haiti earthquake Large-scale disaster Post-disaster resilience Recovery process Volunteerism

The adventures of Tom Sawyer

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Physical exercise,Sedentary Behaviour,Sleep and Depression Symptoms in Chinese Young Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic:A Compositional Isotemporal Analysis

作者： Mark Twain edited by Beverly Lyon clark.

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International Journal of Mental Health Promotion 2022年第5期24卷 759-769页

作者： Jianjun Su Enxiu Wei Cain clark Kaixin Liang Xiaojiao Sun Guangdong Vocational Institute of Sport GuangzhouChina Faculty of Health and Life Sciences Coventry UniversityCoventryUK School of Psychology Shenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina School of Physical Education and Sport Training Shanghai University of SportShanghaiChina

Numerous studies links movement activity(e.g.,physical activity,sedentary behavior[SB],and sleep)with mental health or illness indicators during the COVID-19 pandemic;however,research has typically examined time-use behaviors independently,rather than considering daily activity as a 24-hour time-use *** cross-sec-tional study aimed to use compositional isotemporal analysis to estimate the association between reallocation of time-use behaviors and depression symptoms in young adults in ***(n=1475;68.0%of female;20.7[1.60]years)reported their time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity(MVPA),light physical activ-ity(LPA),SB,and *** SB with sleep,LPA,and MVPA at 5,10,or 15 min was signiﬁcantly associated with lower estimated depression symptoms *** example,adding MVPA from SB at 15 min was associated with lower depression symptoms scores(estimated difference:-0.13[-0.17,-0.09]).The associations between reallocation of time use behaviors with depression symptoms scores were slightly *** results emphasize the importance of increased MVPA and decreased SB as well as their mutual replacements for lowering the risks of depression symptoms in young adults during the COVID-19 *** results can inform policy to develop effective plans and strategies for mental health promotion.

关键词： Moderate to vigorous physical activity light physical activity sedentary behavior sleep depression young adults COVID-19

Downward Trend in the Frequency of Destructive Hailstorms and Maximum Hailstone Size in England and Wales

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2020年第4期8卷 57-70页

作者： Colin clark CHRS Shute Lane Bruton Somerset UK

By their definition, destructive hailstorms cause a great deal of damage to property and have been known to be fatal to humans. At present the long term changes in the frequency of these storms are unknown. Records of destructive hailstorms from many different sources in England and Wales go back for several centuries. Recently discovered records of over 30 destructive hailstorms have allowed a better description of hailstorm history since 1780. The data were grouped into 30, 40, and 50 year non-overlapping time periods in relation to time. Increases in their frequency in the 17th and 18th centuries were probably due to an increase in population and better recording. Since 1900 the frequency has significantly declined so that in the present 50 year time period only 22 have been recorded as compared with an average of 49 in both halves of the 19th century. The decline in frequency may be partly due to the big increase in particulate matter from aviation, which leads to a much higher concentration of ice and cloud condensation nuclei, resulting in fewer destructive hailstorms.

关键词： Destructive Hailstorms Downward Trend

THE ANIMAL BONES FROM A FURTHER GROUP OF EARLY BRONZE AGE PITS AT OSTIANO, S. SALVATORE (Cremona)

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Natural Disaster Reduction in China 1989年第1期 301-310页

作者： GILLIAN clark

The faunal remains from a group of pits excavated at Ostiano, S. Salvatore (Cremona- Northern Italy) are represented by bones of cattle, sheep/goat, pig and hare. Together with the archaeo-botanical and archaeological data, they reveal a well balanced, mixed subsistence strategy, combiningcereal agriculture and stock raising, adapted to the geographical and environmental location of this EarlyBronze Age settlement. I resti faunistici di un altro gruppo di pozzetti del sito del Bronzo antico di Ostiano,S. Salvatore (Cremona). I reperti faunistici di Ostiano, S. Salvatore sono rappresentati da resti di bovini,capra/pecora, maiale e lepre. Unitamente ai reperti archeobotanici ed archeologici, questi docmnentanouna strategia di sussistenza ben bilanciata fra allevamento ed agricoltura che concorda con la localizza-zione geografico-ambientale del sito dell’età del Bronzo antica.

关键词： Pit SALVATORE THE ANIMAL BONES FROM A FURTHER GROUP OF EARLY BRONZE AGE PITS AT OSTIANO Cremona

The Value of Using Unofficial Measurements of Rainfall: The Dublin Storm and Flood of June 1963

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2019年第2期7卷 76-91页

作者： Colin clark CHRS Shute Lane Bruton UK

Rainfall measurements are vital for the design of hydraulic structures, climate change studies, irrigation and land drainage works. The most important source of design rainfall data comes from convective storms. Accurate assessment of the storm rainfall requires a fairly dense network of raingauges. In 1963, such a storm took place over Dublin in Ireland. However, the existing raingauge network was insufficient to identify both the depth and pattern of rainfall. An appeal was made by Met Eireann for additional unofficial rainfall data. The result was remarkable in that the estimated maximum rainfall depth was found to be more than double the official value and that the resulting depth area analysis suggested a rainfall volume over a large area much bigger than the original isohyet map indicated. This result has huge implications for the estimation of maximum rainfall and dam safety assessment, especially in countries where the raingauge network has a low density. This paper first provides a description of the synoptic conditions that led to the storm, second an analysis of the rainfall data and how the unofficial measurements produced a very different depth area relationship;third, the social consequences of the resulting flood are described. Fourth, the storm is then placed in the context of other storms in the British Isles Finally the implications for rainfall measurement, gauge density and an example of how revised estimates of probable maximum precipitation (PMP) have been used to improve the safety and design standard of a flood detention dam are discussed.

关键词： Raingauge Network Unofficial Data Maximum Rainfall Estimation Dam Safety

Use of topical vancomycin powder in total joint arthroplasty:Why the current literature is inconsistent?

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世界骨科杂志:英文版 2023年第8期14卷 589-597页

作者： Fabio Mancino Piers J Yates Benjamin clark Christopher W Jones Department of Orthopaedics Fiona Stanley HospitalPerth 6150Australia Department of Orthopaedics The Orthopaedic Research Foundation of Western AustraliaPerth 6010Australia Department of Orthopaedics University of Western AustraliaPerth 6009Australia Department of Infectious Diseases Fiona Stanley HospitalPerth 6150Australia Department of Orthopaedics Curtin UniversityPerth 6102Australia

Periprosthetic joint infection(PJI)is a rare but terrible complication in hip and knee arthroplasty,and the use of topical vancomycin powder(VP)has been investigated as a tool to potentially reduce its ***,there remains no consensus on its ***,the aim of this review is to provide an overview on the application of topical vancomycin in orthopaedic surgery focusing on the recent evidence and results in total joint *** systematic reviews and meta-analyses on topical VP in hip and knee arthroplasty have been recently published reporting sometimes conflicting *** from all being limited by the quality of the included studies(mostly level III and IV),confounding variables are often included potentially leading to biased *** taken into consideration the exclusive use of VP in isolation,the available data,although very limited,suggest that it does not reduce the infection rate in routine primary hip and knee ***,we still cannot advise for a routinary application.A properly powered randomized-controlled trial would be necessary to clarify the role of VP in hip and knee *** on the analysis of the current evidence,the use of topical VP appears to be safe when used locally in terms of systemic adverse reactions,hence,if proven to be effective,it could bring great benefits due to its low cost and accessibility.

关键词： Periprosthetic joint infection Vancomycin powder Total knee arthroplasty Total hip arthroplasty Infection antibiotic