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Sonication and grinding pre-treatments on Gelidium amansii seaweed for the extraction and characterization of Agarose

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2018年第4期12卷 17-23页

作者： kit wayne chew Pau Loke Show Yee Jiun Yap Joon Ching Juan Siew Moi Phang Tau Chuan Ling Jo-Shu Chang Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus Jalan Broga 43500 Semenyih Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia Bioseparation Research Group Faculty of Engineering University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus Jalan Broga 43500 Semenyih Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia Department of Applied Mathematics Faculty of Engineering University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus Jalan Broga 43500 Semenyih Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT) Institute of Postgraduate Studies University of Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences University of Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Institute of Biological Sciences University of Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Department of Chemical Engineering National Cheng Kung University Tainan 701 Taiwan China

Various prctreatments methods including sonication and grinding were perfonned on red seaweed Gelidium amansii for the subsequent extraction ofagarose. The agarose products are usually extracted from agar powder products from seaweeds. In this study, the agarose was extracted using a direct polyethylene glycol （PEG） method without the need to first process the agar from seaweed. The agar extract was frozen then thawed and mixed directly with PEG solution to precipitate the agarose. The quality of agarose obtained was evaluated through physico-chemical properties analysis which includes spectral technique （FTIR）, melting and boiling point, gel strength and sulfate content. These properties were compared with a non-pretreated sample and it was found that the addition of pretreatment steps improved the quality of agarosc but gave a slightly lower yield. The gel strength of pretreated samples was much higher and the sulfate content was lower compared to non-pretreated samples. The best pretreatment method was sonication which gave gel strength of 742 gcm - and sulfate content of 0.63%. The extraction of agarose can be further improved with the use of different neutralizing agents. Pretreating the seaweed shows potential in improving the quality of agarosc from seaweed and can be applied for thture extraction of the agarose.

关键词： AgaroseGe lidium Pretreatment Seaweed Sonication

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Microalgae:A potential alternative to health supplementation for humans

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2019年第1期8卷 16-24页

作者： Apurav Krishna Koyande kit wayne chew Krishnamoorthy Rambabu Yang Tao Dinh-Toi Chu Pau-Loke Show Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of Nottingham Malaysia43500Selangor Darul EhsanMalaysia Department of Chemical Engineering School of Civil and Chemical EngineeringVIT UniversityVellore632014Tamil NaduIndia College of Food Science and Technology Nanjing Agricultural University1 Weigang RoadNanjingJiangsu210095China Institute for Research and Development Duy Tan UniversityK7/25 QuangTrungDanangViet Nam Faculty of Biology Hanoi National University of Education136 XuanThuyCauGiayHanoiViet Nam

Microalgae has been consumed in human diet for thousands of years.It is an under-exploited crop for production of dietary foods.Microalgae cultivation does not compete with land and resources required for traditional crops and has a superior yield compared to terrestrial crops.Its high protein content has exhibited a huge potential to meet the dietary requirements of growing population.Apart from being a source of protein,presence of various bio-active components in microalgae provide an added health benefit.This review describes various microalgal sources of proteins and other bio-active components.One of the heavily studied group of bio-active components are pigments due to their anticarcenogenic,antioxidative and antihypertensive properties.Compared to various plant and floral species,microalgae contain higher amounts of pigments.Microalgal derived proteins have complete Essential Amino Acids(EAA)profiles and their protein content is higher than conventional sources such as meat,poultry and dairy products.However,microalgal based functional foods have not flooded the market.The lack of awareness coupled with scarce incentives for producers result in under-exploitation of microalgal potential.Application of microalgal derived components as dietary and nutraceutical supplements is discussed comprehensively.

关键词： Health Human Microalgae Protein Supplement

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Integrated microalgae culture with food processing waste for wastewater remediation and enhanced biomass productivity

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2023年第2期34卷 636-643页

作者： Angela Paul Peter kit wayne chew Apurav Krishna Koyande Heli Siti Halimatul Munawaroh Amit Bhatnagar Yang Tao Chihe Sun Fubao Sun Zengling Ma Pau Loke Show Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Science and EngineeringUniversity of Nottingham MalaysiaJalan Broga43500 SemenyihSelangor Darul EhsanMalaysia Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection Wenzhou UniversityWenzhou 325035China Study Program of Chemistry Department of Chemistry EducationFaculty of Mathematics and Science EducationUniversitas Pendidikan IndonesiaBandung 40154Indonesia Department of Separation Science LUT School of Engineering ScienceLUT UniversitySammonkatu 12FI 50130MikkeliFinland College of Food Science and Technology Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of EducationSchool of BiotechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China Department of Sustainable Engineering Saveetha School of EngineeringSIMATSChennai 602105India

Waste generation from food manufacturing facilities poses a serious hazard like environmental degradation, water pollution, and land pollution due to its high nutrient composition. Specifically, solid waste(powder) disposal requires additional energy sources in terms of scientific treatment, structured collection, and disposal packaging according to the safety regulation. Thus, this research discusses the viewpoint of integrating food processing waste as an organic carbon source with BG-11 medium for Chlorella vulgaris(FSP-E) growth. The food processing waste powders investigated in this study were obtained from milk, and biscuit manufacturing facilities. The culture medium was modified by combining both BG-11 and food processing waste powders to identify the optimal algal growth and biochemical content.Compared to the microalgae grown in BG-11 alone(IBG), the combination of biscuit waste and IBG produced higher biomass concentration(44%), with increased lipid(11%), protein(20%), and carbohydrate(57%) contents. Chlorella vulgaris was able to uptake nutrients from the culture medium with combination of food processing waste and IBG thus enhancing its growth. The results obtained also indicate that an integrated culture system using food processing waste and synthetic sources can generate energy out of waste by improving the bio-composition of the microalgae biomass.

关键词： Medium contamination Food processing Waste powder Organic medium Waste remediation

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Nature’s fight against plastic pollution:Algae for plastic biodegradation and bioplastics production

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Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2020年第4期4卷 47-56页

作者： Wen Yi Chia Doris Ying Ying Tang Kuan Shiong Khoo Andrew Ng Kay Lup kit wayne chew School of Energy and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University MalaysiaSelangor Darul Ehsan43900Malaysia College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen UniversityXiamen361005FujianChina Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Science and EngineeringUniversity of Nottingham MalaysiaJalan Broga43500SemenyihSelangor Darul EhsanMalaysia

The increased global demand for plastic materials has led to severe plastic waste pollution,particularly to the marine environment.This critical issue affects both sea life and human beings since microplastics can enter the food chain and cause several health impacts.Plastic recycling,chemical treatments,incineration and landfill are apparently not the optimum solutions for reducing plastic pollution.Hence,this review presents two newly identified environmentally friendly approaches,plastic biodegradation and bioplastic production using algae,to solve the increased global plastic waste.Algae,particularly microalgae,can degrade the plastic materials through the toxins systems or enzymes synthesized by microalgae itself while using the plastic polymers as carbon sources.Utilizing algae for plastic biodegradation has been critically reviewed in this paper to demonstrate the mechanism and how microplastics affect the algae.On the other hand,algae-derived bioplastics have identical properties and characteristics as petroleum-based plastics,while remarkably being biodegradable in nature.This review provides new insights into different methods of producing algae-based bioplastics(e.g.,blending with other materials and genetic engineering),followed by the discussion on the challenges and further research direction to increase their commercial feasibility.

关键词： Algal polymers Microalgae Microplastics Polyhydroxyalkanoate(PHA) Polyhydroxybutyrate(PHB)

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Safety control of waste cooking oil:transforming hazard into multifarious products with available pre-treatment processes

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Food Materials Research 2022年第1期2卷 1-11页

作者： Wei Han Foo Sherlyn Sze Ning Koay Doris Ying Ying Tang Wen Yi Chia kit wayne chew Pau Loke Show School of Energy and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University MalaysiaJalan SunsuriaBandar Sunsuria43900 SepangSelangorMalaysia Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Science and EngineeringUniversity of Nottingham MalaysiaJalan Broga43500 SemenyihSelangor Darul EhsanMalaysia College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361005FujianChina

The increase in worldwide vegetable oil consumption has produced a large increase in hazardous waste cooking oil(WCO)production.The improper disposal of WCO has been a significant problem from both an environmental and economic perspective.Therefore,it is advantageous to transform WCOs into valuable products efficiently and effectively in order to contribute towards the establishment of a circular economy.In this review,the current state of WCO is discussed in relation to WCO production and valorisation.The valorisation rate of each country can be categorised into three groups related to the consumption of vegetable oil,production and valorisation of WCO,as well as the production,conversion and valorisation factors.Before any valorisation and processing of WCO can be carried out,pretreatments are crucially needed in refining and upgrading WCOs,specifically to reduce their free fatty acid(FFA)contents.This could help to produce refined WCOs with appropriate feedstock properties suitable for value-added applications in oleochemical industries.Hence,several pretreatment methods(e.g.,solid impurities removal,FFA reduction,moisture removal)have been summarized and evaluated in depth.The transformation of WCO into valuable products including alkyd resin,green solvent,soap,plastics and plasticizer are also reviewed.Recent technological advances have made WCO feasible as sustainable feedstocks for oleochemical production,but not limited to biofuel production which in turn maximizes the value of this hazardous waste and turns WCO into a sustainable source.

关键词： cooking moisture refined

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Isolation of protein from Chlorella sorokiniana CY1 using liquid biphasic flotation assisted with sonication through sugaring-out effect

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2019年第3期37卷 898-908页

作者： CHIA Shir Reen chew kit wayne SHOW Pau Loke SIVAKUMAR Manickam LING Tau Chuan TAO Yang Bioseparation Research Group Department of Chemical and Environmental EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of Nottingham Malaysia CampusSemenyih 43500Malaysia Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of Nottingham Malaysia CampusSemenyih 43500Malaysia Institute of Biological Sciences Faculty of ScienceUniversity of MalayaKuala Lumpur 50603Malaysia College of Food Science and Technology Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China

Microalgae,a sustainable source of multi beneficial components has been discovered and could be utilised in pharmaceutical,bioenergy and food applications.This study aims to investigate the sugaring-out effect on the recovery of protein from wet green microalga,Chlorella sorokiniana CY1 which was assisted with sonication.A comparison of monosaccharides and disaccharides as one of the phaseforming constituents shows that the monosaccharides,glucose was the most suitable sugar in forming the phases with acetonitrile to enhance the production of protein(52% of protein).The protein productivity of microalgae was found to be significantly influenced by the volume ratio of both phases,as the yield of protein increased to 77%.The interval time between the sonication as well as the sonication modes were influencing the protein productivity as well.The optimum protein productivity was obtained with 10s of resting time in between sonication.Pulse mode of sonication was suitable to break down the cell wall of microalgae compared to continuous mode as a lower protein yield was obtained with the application of continuous mode.The optimum condition for protein extraction were found as followed:200g/L glucose as bottom phase with volume ratio of 1:1.25,10s of resting time for ultrasonication,5s of ultrasonication in pulse mode and 0.25g of biomass weight.The high yield of protein about 81% could be obtained from microalgae which demonstrates the potential of this source and expected to play an important role in the future.

关键词： sugaring-out Chlorella sorokiniana CY1 liquid biphasic flotation sonication microalgae extraction

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Extraction of agar from Eucheuma cottonii and Gelidium amansii seaweeds with sonication pretreatment using autoclaving method

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2019年第3期37卷 871-880页

作者： DIN Siti Sabariah chew kit wayne CHANG Yu-Kaung SHOW Pau Loke PHANG Siew Moi JUAN Joon Ching Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of Nottingham MalaysiaJalan BrogaSemenyih 43500Selangor Darul EhsanMalaysia Department of Chemical Engineering Ming Chi University of TechnologyNew TaipeiTaiwan 24301China Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences University of MalayaKuala Lumpur 50603Malaysia Institute of Biological Sciences University of MalayaKuala Lumpur 50603Malaysia Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre Institute of Postgraduate StudiesUniversity of MalayaKuala Lumpur 50603Malaysia

The effect of sonication pretreatment condition on Eucheuma cottonii and Gelidium amansii seaweed towards agar extraction wae studied.Four parameters were changed during sonication to investigate the effects on agar yield and quality.These parameters include the time interval,concentration ratio,frequency,and intensity.The highest amount of agar extracted from Eucheuma cottonii species could be obtained from the time interval of 30min,seaweed weight to solvent volume ratio of 1:20,the frequency of 35Hz,and the sonication power intensity of 30%.For Gelidium amansii species,the best agar yield also could be obtained from the time interval of 30 min,1:20 of seaweed weight to water volume ratio,the frequency of 35Hz,and power intensity of 30%.From the experiment,sonication pretreatment signifi cantly influenced the yield and properties of extracted agar.The sonication with autoclaved seaweed produced agar containing less sulfate content,which is an excellent chemical property for gel electrophoresis applications.The gelstrength of sonication with autoclaving for both seaweeds,Eucheuma and Gelidium species was the highest among those by sonication with direct heating,which proved that sonication pretreatment with autoclaving could enhance the physical properties of the agar.

关键词： Gelidium amansii Eucheuma cottonii autoclaving sonication pretreatment water extraction

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