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Study and Modeling of the Grinding Kinetics of Reactive Rocks in a Cement Laboratory

Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2023年第6期11卷 224-248页

作者： Seke Vangu Max Pongo Pongo Charles Pongo Pongo Kalang Hochéà Musuamba Kabengele Nathalie kisonga manuku eric Mungyeko Bisulandu Baby-Jean Robert Faculté des sciences et technologies Université de Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo Faculté Polytechnique Université Kongo Mbanza-Ngungu Democratic Republic of the Congo Pretoria Portland Cement Quality Assurance Malanga Democratic Republic of the Congo Institut de Recherche Futuris—Futuris Research Institute (InReF) OEFC & Département de Génie Rural Institut National du Batiment et des Travaux Publics (INBTP) Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo

This article focuses on the study of crushing rocks that can replace clinker in low-carbon cement. A laboratory ball mill was used, varying the duration of the grinding. It has been observed that the specific surface of rocks changes in a nonlinear way with time, due to the agglomeration of particles. To this end, a mathematical model describing this evolution, which considers van der Waals forces, has been proposed. And finally, the model was adjusted regarding the experimental data. The results found show that the present model is more accurate than the classical models, because it considers the agglomeration phenomenon.

关键词： Cementitious Materials Blaine Grindability Modeling Rittinger Van Der Waals

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Production of an Eco-Cement by Clinker Substitution by the Mixture of Calcined Clay and Limestone, Songololo (DR Congo)

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2023年第7期11卷 67-80页

作者： Guyghens Bongwele Onanga eric kisonga manuku Riadh Ben Khalifa Daddy Patrick Ilito Lofongo Alain Preat Valentin Kanda Nkula Dominique Wetshondo Osomba Geosciences Department Faculty of Sciences and Technology University of Kinshasa Kinshasa DR Congo Nyumba Ya Akiba (NYA) Cement Plant Songololo DR Congo Geological Survey of DR Congo (CRGM) Kinshasa DR Congo Free University of Brussels Brussels Belgium

Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is by mass the largest manufactured product on Earth, responsible for approximately 6% - 8% of global anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions (CO2) and 35% of industrial CO2 emissions. On average 0.8 to 0.9 ton of CO2 is emitted to produce one ton of OPC. In this paper, partial substitution of clinker (30% - 35%) by the calcined clay-limestone mixture was investigated in order to produce an eco-cement (LC3). Analyzes by XRF, XRD and ATG/ATD have characterized different components, determined the calcination temperature and selected the right clay which can act as effective Supplementary Cementitious Material (SCM). Mechanical tests on mortar carried out over a period of 90 days. The WBCSD/WRI “Greenhouse Gas Protocol” methodology then allowed the calculation of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. Three types of clay are available in the Songololo Region. The kaolinite is the principal clay mineral and its content varies from 27% to 34%. The sum of kaolinite and amorphous phase which enable clay to react with cementitious material ranges from 57% to 60%. The SiO2 content ranges from 33% to 76%, the Alumina content from 12% to 20% so that the ratio Al2O3/SiO2 is on the higher side (0.17 - 0.53). The calcination window is between 750°C and 850°C and the best clay which can act as SCM identified. The clinker’s substitution reduced CO2 emissions from 0.824 ton of CO2 for one ton of OPC to 0.640 ton of CO2 for one ton of LC3, means 22% less emissions. The compressive strengths developed by LC3 vary from 8.91 to 57.6 MPa (Day 1 to Day 90), exceed those of references 32.5 cement and are close to 42.5 cement. In view of the results, LC3 cement can be considered for industrial trials.

关键词： Clay Calcined Clay Limestone Cement Eco-Cement Songololo

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