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Evolution of varieties and development of production technology in Egypt wheat: A review

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第3期18卷 483-495页

作者： kishk abdelmageed CHANG Xu-hong WANG De-mei WANG Yan-jie YANG Yu-shuang ZHAO Guang-cai TAO Zhi-qiang Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and EcologyMinistry of AgricultureBeijing 100081P.R.China Field Crops Research Institute Agricultural Research CenterGiza 12619Egypt

Wheat was the first crop grown in Egypt, and it remains highly important. Egypt is the largest wheat importer in the world and consumes an extensive amount of bread. It is imperative for wheat scientists to decrease the large gap between production and consumption. Wheat yields in Egypt increased 5.8-fold(6.7 billion kg) between 1961 and 2017 due to variety improvement and the use of better planting methods such as the raised bed method, ideal sowing date, surge flow irrigation and farm irrigation systems, laser levelling, fertilizers, and intercropping with raised beds. In this paper, the development of wheat production techniques and variety evolution over more than five decades in Egypt have been analyzed. In particular, we have focused on the technologies, cultural practices and causes for per unit area yield increase. The main purpose was to study the issues that have arisen during wheat production and to make recommendations for smart agricultural practices. In 1981, the yield was 3 300 kg ha–1 and through the improvement of varieties, expansion of agricultural land and the adoption of modern agricultural techniques yield reached 6 500 kg ha–1 by 2017. The production growth rate was 4.1% annually, and the total grain yield increased 4.3-fold, from 1.9 billion kg in 1981 to about 8.1 billion kg in 2017. The use of new improved varieties, new cultivation techniques, and modern irrigation techniques contributed to 97.0% of the increase in yield per unit area and 1.5% of the increase in yield was due to planting area expansion. Therefore, the increase in total yield mainly depended on the increase in yield per unit area. Wheat production in Egypt has been improved through the development of breeding and cultivation techniques. The use of these new techniques, the popularization of new high-quality seed varieties, and the use of the raised bed method instead of the old method of planting in basins have made the largest contributions to increased yield. In the futur

关键词： Egypt wheat production modern techniques raised bed water saving mechanization

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Evolution and development of production technology of wheat in Egypt

Evolution and development of production technology of wheat ...

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2017年中国作物学会学术年会

作者： kishk abdelmageed Chang Xu-hong Wang De-mei Yang Yu-shuang Wang Yan-jie Tao Zhi-qiang Zhao Guang-cai Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and EcologyMinistry of Agriculture

【Introduction】 Without modern agricultural techniques,over population would create stresses that would unstable the current world social and political *** yields in Egypt tripled between 1952 and 2017 to improved availability of water,varieties improvement and land expansion.【Materials and methods】To study the approaches for wheat yield increase,this paper has analyzed the change and development of wheat production techniques in the past 5 decades and more in Egypt from the perspectives of main measures,technical characteristics and mechanisms for per unit area yield *** main purpose is to study the issues that arise wheat productivity and to make recommendations for good practice.【 Results and analysis 】 The results showed that wheat yield per unit area in Egypt increased more than 100%.In 1981 the yield per hectare was 3.3 tons and by improvement of varieties and land expansion reached to 6.5 tons in *** agricultural policy shaping the future to reach 10.5 tons ha in *** production growth rate 4%annually,and the total grain yield increased from 1.49 million tons in 1981 to about 8.3 million tons in 2016/2017,an increase of about 3 times,of which new improvement variety,new cultivation techniques and on farm water techniques was contributed by yield increase per unit area and 1.5%by planting area *** production in Egypt had been developed in breeding and cultivation *** raised bed method in wheat cultivation increased yield 17%comparing old method in ***,using raised bed with intercropping can increase yield up to 26%.Total yield increase was mainly relied on modern cultivation techniques and excellent cultural practices,best improvement varieties and new reclamation *** breeding and popularization experienced to release new high-quality seed *** has become main development trends of breeding techniques to increase wheat yield *** future,the development trend of wheat variet

关键词： Wheat production modern techniques raised bed

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