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Epidemiology of open fractures in sport: One centre's 15-year retrospective study

World Journal of Orthopedics 2017年第7期8卷 545-552页

作者： Alexander M Wood Greg A J Robertson kirsty mac leod Anna Porter Charles M Court-Brown Orthopaedic Department Leeds General Infirmary Edinburgh Orthopaedic Trauma Unit Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh Institute of Naval Medicine Newcastle University Medical School

AIM To describe the epidemiology of sport-related open fractures from one centre's adult patient population over a 15-year period. METHODS A retrospective review of a prospectively-collected database was performed: The database contained information all sport-related open fractures, sustained from 1995 to 2009 in the Edinburgh, Mid and East Lothian *** Over the 15-year period, there were 85 fractures recorded in 84 patients. The annual incidence of open sport-related fractures was 0.01 per 1000 population. The mean age at injury was 29.2 years(range 15-67). There were 70(83%) males and 14 females(17%).The 6 most common sports were soccer(n = 19, 22%), rugby(n = 9, 11%), cycling(n = 8, 9%), hockey(n = 8, 9%); horse riding(n = 6, 7%) and skiing(n = 6, 7%). The five most common anatomical locations were finger phalanges(n = 30, 35%); tibial diaphysis(n = 19, 23%); forearm(n = 12, 14%); ankle(n = 7, 8%) and metacarpals(n = 5, 6%). The mean injury severity score was 7.02. According to the Gustilo-Anderson classification system, 45(53%) fractures were grade 1; 28(33%) fractures were grade 2; 8(9%) fractures were grade 3a; and 4(5%) fractures were grade 3b. Out of the total number of fractures, 7(8%) required plastic surgical intervention as part of management. The types of flaps used were split skin graft(n = 4), fasciocutaneous flaps(n = 2); and adipofascial flap(n = 1). CONCLUSION We analysed the epidemiology of open fractures secondary to sport in one centre over a 15-year period. Soccer and rugby were the most common causative sports while fractures of the finger phalanx and of the tibial diaphysis were the most common sites. Open fractures are uncommon in sport; however, when they are sustained they usually occur on muddy sport fields or forest tracks and therefore must be treated appropriately. It is important that clinicians and sports therapists have knowledge of these injuries, in order to ensure they are managed optimally.

关键词： Open Fracture Sport Epidemiology Injury Trauma

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A comprehensive approach for assessing the economic contribution of forage and livestock improvement options to smallholder farming enterprises

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第8期14卷 1573-1580页

作者： Neil mac leod Scott Waldron WEN Shi-lin Agriculture Flagship Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) University of Queensland Red Soils Experimental Station Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

The importance of livestock production activities to improving the livelihoods of smallholder farming households and the efficiency of their underlying farming systems is increasingly recognized.A rapid increase in livestock numbers, especially beef cattle, and special purpose forages is being promoted for smallholder farms which have traditionally undertaken subsistence cropping activities or simple livestock rearing activities using low quality *** limited plantings of specialized forages combined with a poor knowledge of animal nutrition are a challenge to establishing sustainable livestock enterprises, much public policy and research is now being focused on the use of new forages and improved feeding practices.A number of economic studies have suggested that specialized forage growing and livestock feeding activities can make a positive contribution to smallholder *** studies have typically compared the total level of farm or household income with and without livestock *** attention is given to how much the new forage or livestock activities actually contribute to or draw resources from other farm activities to assess their real economic contribution to the enterprise, and the availability of simple tools to assist in making such assessments are *** paper describes a simple modelling approach that was developed for an Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research（ACIAR）-supported project to explore the real as opposed to apparent economic impact of integrating improved forages and livestock within smallholder farming systems in the Red Soils region of south-central *** of the model is demonstrated using a simple case study of a smallholder enterprise that plans to introduce a new beef cattle rearing activity to its existing farm activity *** case study highlights the importance of explicitly valuing transfers of resources between different farm activities to gauge the real contribution o

关键词： smallholder farming systems economics resource transfers opportunity costs economic profit

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Identification of life-history stages in fusulinid foraminifera

Identification of life-history stages in fusulinid foraminif...

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中国古生物学会微体学分会第十六次学术年会、中国古生物学会化石藻类专业委员会第十七次学术年会暨和政化石论坛

作者： Yukun Shi Norman mac leod School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Nanjing University The Natural History Museum Nanjing Institute of Palaeontology and Stratigraphy Chinese Academy of Sciences

The whorls of fusulinid foraminifera preserve a record of each individual's ontogeny,and therefore is proxy to morphological life-history ***-based morphometric analyses of representative fusulinid specimensassigned to Robustoschwagerina,Sphaeroschwagerina,and Schwagerina show that these genera exhibit characteristically different ontogenetic trajectories within a space defined by test size,test shape,and whorl

关键词： Identification of life-history stages in fusulinid foraminifera

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