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Railway Engineering Science 2021年第3期29卷 314-326页

作者： Bilal M.Abdurahman Tim Harrison Christopher P.ward William j.B.Midgley Wolfson School of Mechanical Electrical and Manufacturing EngineeringLoughborough UniversityLoughborough LE113TUUK

A near-term strategy to reduce emissions from rail vehicles,as a path to full electrification for maximal decarbonisation,is to partially electrify a route,with the remainder of the route requiring an additional self-powered traction *** rail vehicles are usually powered by a diesel engine when not operating on electrified track and are referred to as bi-mode *** paper analyses the benefits of discontinuous electrification compared to continuous electrification using the CO_(2)estimates from a validated high-fidelity bi-mode(diesel-electric)rail vehicle *** analysis shows that 50%discontinuous electrification provides a maximum of 54%reduction in operational CO_(2)emissions when compared to the same length of continuously electrified *** highest emissions savings occurred when leaving train stations where vehicles must accelerate quickly to line *** results were used to develop a linear regression model for fast estimation of CO_(2)emissions from diesel running and electrification *** model was able to estimate the CO_(2)emissions from a route to within 10%of that given by the high-fidelity ***,additional considerations such as cost and the embodied CO_(2)in electrification infrastructure were analysed to provide a comparison between continuous and discontinuous *** electrification can cost up to 56%less per reduction in lifetime emissions than continuous electrification and can save up to 2.3 times more lifetime CO_(2)per distance electrified.

关键词： Railway electrification CO_(2)reduction Discontinuous electrification Bi-mode rail vehicle

Testis sperm extraction

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Asian journal of Urology 2015年第2期2卷 79-84页

作者： kirsten j.C.janosek-Albright Peter N.Schlegel Ali A.Dabaja Department of Urology Vattikuti Urology InstituteHenry Ford HospitalDetroitMIUSA Department of Urology Weill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNYUSA

The last 20 years have produced developments in the treatment for patients with non-obstructive azoospermia(NOA)who were once considered to be *** combination of intracytoplasmic sperm injection together with various testicular sperm retrieval techniques,including conventional testicular sperm extraction(TESE),microdissection TESE(micro-TESE)and fine needle aspiration(FNA),have revolutionized treatment for these *** men with NOA,isolated regions of spermatogenesis within the testis are *** goal for all types of sperm retrieval procedures is locating the focal region(s)of spermatogenesis,and harvesting the sperm for assisted *** review article explores the surgical management of men with NOA and describes all techniques that can be used for testicular sperm retrieval.A PubMed search was conducted using the key words:“sperm extraction”,“NOA”,“testicular FNA”,“testicular mapping”,“TESE”,and“testicular biopsy”.All articles were *** were included if they provided data on sperm retrieval *** methods for performing sperm retrieval rates and outcomes of the various techniques are ***-TESE has a higher sperm retrieval rates with fewer postoperative complications and negative effects on testicular function compared with conventional TESE.

关键词： Non-obstructive azoospermia Microdissection testicular sperm extraction Fine needle aspiration Sperm retrieval

Is iron overload in alcohol-related cirrhosis mediated by hepcidin?

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第46期15卷 5864-5866页

作者： Tariq Iqbal Azzam Diab Douglas G ward Matthew j Brookes Chris Tselepis jim Murray Elwyn Elias Department of Gastroenterology University Hospital BirminghamVincent Drive Depart ment of Cancer Studies University of BirminghamVincent Drive Department of Hematology University Hospital BirminghamVincent Drive

In this case report we describe the relationship between ferritin levels and hepcidin in a patient with alcohol-related spur cell anemia who underwent liver *** demonstrate a reciprocal relation-ship between serum or urinary hepcidin and serum ferritin,which indicates that inadequate hepcidin production by the diseased liver is associated with elevated serum *** ferritin level falls with increasing hepcidin production after *** inflammatory indices(IL6)nor erythropoietin appear to be related to hepcidin expression in this *** suggest that inappropriately low hepcidin production by the cirrhotic liver may contribute substantially to elevated tissue iron stores in cirrhosis and speculate that hepcidin replacement in these patients may be of therapeutic benefi t in the future.

关键词： Alcohol Iron Anaemia Hepcidin Cirrhosis

Bandpass transmission spectra of a whisperinggallery microcavity coupled to an ultrathin fiber

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Photonics Research 2017年第4期5卷 362-366页

作者： FUCHUAN LEI RAFINO M.j.MURPHY jONATHAN M.ward YONG YANG SíLE NIC CHORMAIC Light-Matter Interactions Unit Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University

Tapered fibers with diameters ranging from 1 to 4 μm are widely used to excite the whispering-gallery(WG)modes of microcavities. Typically, the transmission spectrum of a WG cavity coupled to a waveguide around a resonance assumes a Lorentzian dip morphology due to resonant absorption of the light within the cavity. In this paper, we demonstrate that the transmission spectra of a WG cavity coupled with an ultrathin fiber(500–700 nm)may exhibit both Lorentzian dips and peaks, depending on the gap between the fiber and the microcavity. By considering the large scattering loss of off-resonant light from the fiber within the coupling region, this phenomenon can be attributed to partially resonant light bypassing the lossy scattering region via WG modes, allowing it to be coupled both to and from the cavity, then manifesting as Lorentzian peaks within the transmission *** implies the system could be implemented within a bandpass filter framework.

关键词： WG Bandpass transmission spectra of a whisperinggallery microcavity coupled to an ultrathin fiber mode

Pond Substrate Type Affects Yellow Perch Fingerling Size at Harvest

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Open journal of Animal Sciences 2021年第1期11卷 31-36页

作者： Matthew j. ward South Dakota Department of Game Fish and Parks Blue Dog State Fish Hatchery Waubay USA

Fish size and harvest density generally exhibit a negative relationship in pond culture, but the influence that pond substrate type can have on this relationship is not well understood. To evaluate the influence of pond substrate type on yellow perch (Perca flavescens), harvest density (number/hectare) was linearly regressed against individual fingerling size (grams) for lined (n = 48) and earthen (n = 40) substrate ponds that were treated similarly in terms of organic fertilizer use and the number of days in the pond over 12 culture seasons at Blue Dog Lake State Hatchery, South Dakota, USA. Harvest density explained 45 and 39% of the variation in yellow perch size in lined and earthen-substrate ponds (all P P = 0.62);however, fingerling size was significantly larger in lined ponds regardless of density that varied from near 0 to 700,000 per hectare (y-intercept comparison, P < 0.01). At the same harvest density, lined ponds will tend to produce larger yellow perch fingerlings compared to earthen ponds when similar organic fertilizers are used.

关键词： Yellow Perch Pond Culture Pond-Substrate Type

Group-Invariant Solutions for the Generalised Fisher Type Equation

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Natural Science 2015年第13期7卷 613-624页

作者： kirsten Louw Raseelo j. Moitsheki School of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa

In this paper, we construct the group-invariant (exact) solutions for the generalised Fisher type equation using both classical Lie point and the nonclassical symmetry techniques. The generalised Fisher type equation arises in theory of population dynamics. The diffusion term and coefficient of the source term are given as the power law functions of the spatial variable. We introduce the modified Hopf-Cole transformation to simplify a nonlinear second Order Ordinary Equation (ODE) into a solvable linear third order ODE.

关键词： Symmetry Methods Modified Hopf-Cole Transformation Fisher Type Equation Exact Solutions

An automated dispensing system for improving medication timing in the emergency department

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World journal of Emergency Medicine 2012年第2期3卷 102-107页

作者： Michael j.ward jeremy S.Boyd Nicole j.Harger john M.Deledda Carol L.Smith Susan M.Walker jeffrey D.Hice Kimberly W.Hart Christopher j.Lindsell Stewart W.Wright Department of Emergency Medicine University of Cincinnati Pharmacy Division University of Cincinnati Air Care and Mobile Care University HospitalUniversity of Cincinnati

BACKGROUND:Numerous medical conditions require timely medication administration in the emergency department(ED).Automated dispensing systems(ADSs)store premixed common doses at the point-of-care to minimize time to administration,but the use of such automation to improved time to medication administration has not been *** vancomycin is a commonly used empiric antimicrobial,we sought to quantify the effect of using an ADS on time to drug delivery in patients presenting to the *** study aimed to determine the efficacy of utilizing an ADS to improve time to administration of vancomycin and determine any negative effects on dosing ***:The institional review board approved the retrospective quality improvement study took place in a single,urban academic tertiary care ED with an annual census of 80 *** subjects were all patients receiving vancomycin for the management of sepsis between March 1 to September 30,2008 and the same time period in *** primary outcome was the proportion of patients who received vancomycin within one hour of bed placement and the secondary outcome was dosing ***:Sixty-three patients had weight and dosing information available(29 before and 34after intervention)and were included in the *** intervention,no patient received vancomycin in less than 60 minutes,while after intervention 14.7%of the patients received it in less than 60minutes(difference in proportions 14.7%,95%CI 0.39%-30.0%,P=0.04).A similar proportion of the patients received correct dosing before and after intervention(44.8%vs.41.2%,difference in proportions 3.7%,95%CI-20.0%-26.7%,P=0.770).CONCLUSION:The use of an ADS may improve the timing of medication administration in patients presenting to the ED without affecting dosing appropriateness.

关键词： Automatic dispensing system Pharmaceutical Process improvement Efficiency

Assessing vulnerability to panic:a systematic review of psychological and physiological responses to biological challenges as prospective predictors of panic attacks and panic disorder

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General Psychiatry 2019年第6期32卷 297-303页

作者： Donald j Robinaugh Meredith j.ward Emma R Toner Mackenzie L Brown Olivia M Losiewicz Eric Bui Scott P Orr Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Psychiatry Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA

Background Cognitive-behavioural theories of panic disorder posit that panic attacks arise from a positive feedback loop between arousal-related bodily sensations and perceived *** a recently develope computational model formalising these theories of pani attacks,it was observed that the response to a simulate perturbation to arousal provided a strong indicator of vulnerability to panic attacks and panic *** this/review,we evaluate whether this observation is borne o in the empirical literature that has examined responses biological challenge(eg,C02 inhalation)and their relatio to subsequent panic attacks and panic *** We searched PubMed,Web of Science and PsycINFO using keywords denoting provocation agents(eg,sodium lactate)and procedures(eg,infusion)combined with keywords relevant to panic disorder(eg,panic).Articles were eligible if they used response to a biologic challenge paradigm to prospectively predict panic attac or panic *** We identified four eligible *** effect sizes suggest that there is biological challenge response a moderate prospective association with subsequent pani attacks,but no prospective relationship with panic disorde Conclusions These findings provide support for the prediction derived from cognitive-behavioural theories an some preliminary evidence that response to a biological challenge may have clinical utility as a marker of vulnerab to panic attacks pending further research and developme Trial registration number 135908.

关键词： behaviour subsequent sizes

Wheat Yield in a Tolerant Winter Wheat Line Infested by Hessian Fly (<i>Mayetiola destructor</i>)

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Advances in Entomology 2021年第2期9卷 70-84页

作者： kirsten E. Roe Brandon j. Schemerhorn Department of Entomology Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana USA USDA-ARS Crop Production and Pest Control Research Unit West Lafayette Indiana USA

The Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor, is a harmful pest of wheat (Triticum aestivum). Pioneer variety 25R78 is putatively tolerant, meaning that the plant can survive successful Hessian fly infestation with reduced growth effects. To understand if Hessian fly-tolerance in wheat results in reduced yield effects and to analyze the economic feasibility of tolerant wheat as a Hessian fly control method, this study focused on analyzing the effect of infestation on tolerant wheat yield. This study analyzed tolerant Pioneer variety 25R78, resistant Pioneer brand variety 25R32, and susceptible Pioneer brand variety 25R47 through harvest. Treated plants were infested using a plastic cover and allowing 1 - 2 female flies to lay eggs for two hours. We measured head, fertile head number and tiller number. Seeds were analyzed by measuring total seed number and weight, as well as average seed number and weight. Tolerant and resistant plants showed no significant effects on yield in comparison to susceptible wheat. The infested tolerant plants were comparable in yield to infested resistant plants. Therefore, we propose that tolerance incorporated into wheat varieties will lower selection pressure on Hessian fly populations and increase the durability of these wheat lines.

关键词： Mayetiola destructor Tolerance Resistance Virulence Yield

Sequencing of high-efficacy disease-modifying therapies in multiple sclerosis： perspectives and approaches

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第11期13卷 1871-1874页

作者： Francois Grand'Maison Michael Yeung Sarah A. Morrow Liesly Lee Francois Emond Brian j. ward Pierre Laneuville Robyn Schecter Neuro Rive-Sud Hospital Charles LeMoyne Greenfield Park Quebec Canada Clinical Neurosciences Foothills Medical Centre Calgary Alberta Canada London Health Sciences Center (LHSC) Western University London Ontario Canada Department of Neurology Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre Toronto Ontario Canada Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Quebec - hospital de l'Enfant-jesus Quebec City Quebec Canada Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre Montreal Quebec Canada Department of Medicine McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada Novartis Pharmaceuticals Canada Inc. Dotal Quebec Canada

Multiple sclerosis（MS） is characterized by chronic inflammation in conjunction with neurodegeneration within the central nervous system. Most individuals with MS begin with a relapsing remitting course that later transitions to secondary progressive MS. Currently available disease-modifying therapies（DMTs） for relapsing MS have been demonstrated to reduce disease activity, however most patients require a change in therapy over the course of their disease. Treatment goals include the prevention of relapses and disability accumulation and to achieve this objective requires careful planning. Sequencing of DMTs for individual patients should be designed in such a way to maximize disease control and minimize risk based on the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of each therapy. This includes the DMT patients are being switched from to those they are being switched to. The reversibility of immune system effects should be a key consideration for DMT sequence selection. This feature varies across DMTs and should factor more prominently in decision making as newer treatments become available for the prevention of disability accumulation in patients with progressive MS. In this short review, we discuss the landscape of existing therapies with an eye to the future when planning for optimal DMT sequencing. While no cure exists for MS, efforts are being directed toward research in neuroregeneration with the hope for positive outcomes.

关键词： relapsing multiple sclerosis high efficacy disease-modifying therapies treatment optimization treatment sequencing therapeutic inertia sub-optimal treatment progressive disease immune effects