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Coexpression of receptor-tyrosine-kinases in gastric adenocarcinoma-a rationale for a molecular targeting strategy?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第26期13卷 3605-3609页

作者： Daniel Drescher Markus Moehler Ines Gockel kirsten frerichs Annett Müller Friedrich Dünschede Thomas Borschitz Stefan Biesterfeld Martin Holtmann Thomas Wehler Andreas Teufel Kerstin Herzer Thomas Fischer Martin R Berger Theodor Junginger Peter R Galle Carl C Schimanski Department of General and Abdominal Surgery Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz MainzGermany First Department of Internal Medicine Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz MainzGermany Institute of Pathology Johannes Gutenberg University of MainzMainzGermany Third Department of Internal Medicine Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz MainzGermany Unit of toxicology and chemotherapy German Cancer Research CenterGermany

AIM： To define the （co-）expression pattern of target receptor-tyrosine-kinases （RTK） in human gastric adenocarcinoma. METHODS： The （co-）expression pattern of VEGFR1-3, PDGFR（α/β and EGFR1 was analyzed by RT-PCR in 51 human gastric adenocarcinomas. In addition, IHC staining was applied for confirmation of expression and analysis of RTK localisation. RESULTS： The majority of samples revealed a VEGFR1 （98%）, VEGFR2 （80%）, VEGFR3 （67%）, PDGFRα （82%） and PDGFRβ （82%） expression, whereas only 62% exhibited an EGFR1 expression. 78% of cancers expressed at least four out of six RTKs. While VEGFR1-3 and PDGFRα revealed a predominantly cytoplasmatic staining in tumor cells, accompanied by an additional nuclear staining for VEGFR3, EGFR1 was almost exclusively detected on the membrane of tumor cells. PDGFRβ was restricted to stromal pericytes, which also depicted a PDGFRα expression. CONCLUSION： Our results reveal a high rate ofreceptor-tyrosine-kinases coexpression in gastric adenocarcinoma and might therefore encourage an application of multiple-target RTK-inhibitors within a combination therapy.

关键词： VEGFR EGFR PDGFR Cancer Adeno-carcinoma Gastric Stomach

Numerical accuracy and convergence with EMC3-EIRENE

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Plasma Science and Technology 2020年第5期22卷 5-15页

作者： Kristel GHOOS Heinke frerichs Wouter DEKEYSER Giovanni SAMAEY Martine BAELMANS KU Leuven Department of Mechanical EngineeringB-3001LeuvenBelgium University of Wisconsin Madison Department of Engineering PhysicsWI 53706United States of America KU Leuven Department of Computer ScienceB-3001LeuvenBelgium

The iterative Monte Carlo(MC)code EMC3-EIRENE is frequently used for plasma edge simulations in 3 D *** far,a quantitative evaluation of the numerical quality of the code results remains an open *** this paper,we demonstrate a framework for the practical assessment of accuracy and convergence with ***,we provide a first accuracy analysis with EMC3-EIRENE for a DIII-D divertor edge plasma ***,we introduce post-processing averaging to efficiently reduce the variance of the statistical ***,we estimate the deterministic error contributions based on their theoretical reduction rates by comparing solutions with a different grid resolution,time step,or number of MC particles per ***,using parameterized expressions for the error and the computational time,suitable numerical parameters are determined to achieve faster and/or more accurate *** found that simulations can be more than twice as fast without losing accuracy by making use of post-processing averaging and choosing optimal *** addition,we conclude that the discretization error is the dominant error contribution for the case selected in this paper,which demonstrates the importance of constructing an adequate mesh.

关键词： convergence Monte Carlo numerics plasma edge EMC3-EIRENE

Gender, Social Origins and Accumulated Disadvantages Associated with Mid-Life Body Weight in Taiwan

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Health 2014年第18期6卷 2399-2407页

作者： Duan-Rung Chen Leah M. frerichs Institute of Health Policy and Management Public Health Building National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan College of Public Health University of Nebraska Medical Center Nebraska Medical Center Omaha USA

Obesity is a problem with global health and economic consequences. This study assesses the impact of social origins and socio-economic disadvantages on mid-life body weight. Hypotheses of both critical early life period and social trajectory were tested using a sample of 845 adults, aged 45 to 69 years, from a nationally representative sample in 2009 Taiwan Social Change Survey. The study found evidence of a significant gender-specific heterogeneity of social origins on obesity risk. Men with accumulated disadvantage had increased BMI, but no significant accumulative trajectories were found among women. Obesity prevention must consider factors beyond behavioral change, and include a focus on social origins and gender identity.

关键词： Obesity Risk Social Class Social Trajectory

Developing Customized Evaluation Software for Clinical Trials: An Example with Obstructive Lung Diseases

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Engineering（科研） 2013年第10期5卷 103-107页

作者： Zhanqi Zhao Barbara Vogt Inéz frerichs Ullrich Müller-Lisse Knut Mö ller Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel Kiel Germany Department of Radiology University of Munich Germany Institute of Technical Medicine Furtwangen University VS-Schwenningen Germany Institute of Technical Medicine Furtwangen University VS-Schwenningen Germany Department of Radiology University of Munich Germany

Corresponding customized software tool is usually unavailable, which increases the time and workload for evaluating the results of a clinical trial. In the present paper, we demonstrate the development process of a customized software for one clinical trial on patients with obstructive lung disease. Over hundred patients and volunteers as controlled were included in the clinical trial. They were examined by spirometry and EIT in a seated position during spontaneous tidal breathing. Subsequently, standard vital capacity maneuver and forced full expiration maneuver were performed. In order to evaluate the offline data, a customized software was developed. The requirements of the software were defined by investigators. The software was then tested on patients’ data and refined based on feedbacks of the investigators. We finalized the customized software with analysis of various disease-specific parameters and indices. Compared to the data process with device specific programs and other commercial software, the customized software is more flexible, user-friendly and extendable. As conclusion, customized software simplifies the evaluation process distinctly and helps physicians to focus on study design and result interpretation.

关键词： Clinical Trial Electrical Impedance Tomography Pulmonary Function Test Customized Software

Effect of Deformation during Stamping on Structure and Property Evolution in 3<sup>rd</sup>Generation AHSS

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Open Journal of Metal 2018年第2期8卷 15-33页

作者： Daniel Branagan Craig Parsons Tad Machrowicz Jonathon Cischke Andrew frerichs Brian Meacham Sheng Cheng Grant Justice Alla Sergueeva The NanoSteel Company Idaho Falls ID USA The NanoSteel Company Troy MI USA

Over the past decade extensive development of advanced high strength steel (AHSS) was driven by the demand from the automotive industry for stronger materials that can enable lightweighting to meet increasing fuel efficiency requirements. However, achievement of higher strength in many AHSS grades comes with reductions in ductility, leading to geometric constraints on formability and limiting their application. In this paper, a 3rd Generation AHSS with a compelling property combination of high tensile strength of ~1200 MPa and total elongation > 40% was used for laboratory and stamping studies. Various auto related laboratory tests were done including tensile testing, 180 degree bending, bulge testing, and cup drawing to estimate the steel’s formability under different applied conditions. Additionally, since laboratory testing provides only an estimation of the potential stamping response, the 3rd Generation AHSS sheet was stamped into B-pillars under industrial stamping conditions. Non-destructive and destructive analysis of the resulting stampings were done to evaluate the microstructural and property changes occurring during stamping. Significant strengthening of material in the stamped part is attributed to the structural changes through the complex Nanophase Refinement and Strengthening mechanism.

关键词： Steel Advanced High Strength Steel Cold Formability Stamping Structure Properties

“畸变工程”:从系统的角度探讨零件的畸变现象

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金属热处理 2004年第11期29卷 43-50页

作者： Klaus-DieterThoben DieterKlein Th.Luebben B.Clausen Chr.Prinz A.Schulz R.Rentsch R.Kusmierz L.Nowag H.Surm F.frerichs M.Hunkel P.Mayr BremenInstituteofIndustrialTechnologyandAppliedWorkScience（BIBA） BremenGermany InstituteforMaterialScience（IWT） BremenGermany

在产品的最终加工过程中用精磨去除零件中的畸变是一个既费钱又费时的事情。例如 ,仅在 (车辆 )传动技术领域 ,1995年德国用于最后精磨以消除工件的畸变而增加的成本已达 8 5亿欧元。迄今为止 ,行业人士认为在最后的产品加工过程中导致... 详细信息

在产品的最终加工过程中用精磨去除零件中的畸变是一个既费钱又费时的事情。例如 ,仅在 (车辆 )传动技术领域 ,1995年德国用于最后精磨以消除工件的畸变而增加的成本已达 8 5亿欧元。迄今为止 ,行业人士认为在最后的产品加工过程中导致零件产生畸变的主要原因在于淬火过程 ,而今大家普遍认为这个观点不是很对 ,认为淬火过程只是释放了在各个加工环节中积累在工件中的畸变潜能 ,如铸造、车削加工、铣削、淬火、磨削。由不来梅大学创立及DeutscheForschungsgemeinschaft资助的合作研究中心SFB 5 70“畸变工程”的研究方针是从系统导向着手 ,分析零件的畸变。合作研究中心由 12个子项目组成 ,涉及 2 0多位来自材料科学、制造技术、数学及过程控制工程的研究人员。根据系统导向的方法 ,合作研究中心SFB 5 70“畸变工程”认为 ,与优化零件整个生产过程 (工序链 )相比 ,对零件生产过程中的单个过程的优化是第二位的。为了推广系统导向的方法 ,保证SFB 5 70“畸变工程”中集中在不同工序和技术的这 12个子项目间的一个连续、协调的知识和信息交换 ,已成立了一个系统模式工作组。这个工作组的焦点在于详细阐述和进一步发展系统导向的方法以及协调应用于这些子项目中的工序和方法。和其它方法相比较 ,整体方法包?

关键词：变现工程项目系统欧元协调行业导向潜能数学

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非合金钢圆柱体的高速淬火壳层硬化

热处理 2017年第3期32卷 36-41页

作者： F.frerichs T.Lübben F.Hoffmann H.-W.Zoch 本刊编辑部 Stiftung Institut für Werkstofftechnik

Kobasko等人率先指出,快速水淬可在零件近表面的部位产生压应力,从而大大提高疲劳极限(强烈淬火)。这种工艺能提高硬度,零件能被整体或壳层硬化,取决于零件的钢种和尺寸以及淬火烈度。较详细地研究了两种非合金钢圆柱体的壳层硬化工艺... 详细信息

Kobasko等人率先指出,快速水淬可在零件近表面的部位产生压应力,从而大大提高疲劳极限(强烈淬火)。这种工艺能提高硬度,零件能被整体或壳层硬化,取决于零件的钢种和尺寸以及淬火烈度。较详细地研究了两种非合金钢圆柱体的壳层硬化工艺。研究的目的:一方面是弄清能使零件获得足够的表面硬度的同时又形成与之相匹配的硬化表层的必要条件;另一方面,在零件近表面的区域产生尽可能大的残余压应力,以便显著延长热处理零件的使用寿命。采用为高速淬火而研制的一种特殊装置进行试验,用自来水或10%盐水作淬火介质。研究表明,这种特殊的试验设备可获得高达50 000 W m^(-2)K^(-1)的热传递系数。在试验中,对材料为C35钢和C56E2钢、直径为25 mm和43 mm的圆柱体,以20 000~50 000 W m^(-2)K^(-1)的热传递系数进行了淬火。淬火后检测圆柱体的显微组织、硬度和残余应力。试验表明,圆柱体近表面区域的压应力达到了1 200 MPa。

关键词：高速淬火壳层硬化压应力非合金钢

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颅内未破裂动脉瘤当今治疗策略

中国现代神经疾病杂志 2005年第3期5卷 160-164页

作者： PengRocChen Kaifrerichs RobertSpetzler 刘暌 BarronNeurologicalInstitute 350WestThomasRoadPhoenixArizona85013. 天津市环湖医院神经外科

随着显微外科、颅底外科、尤其是血管内神经外科的长足进展,加之神经麻醉及术中神经电生理监测等相关学科的发展,颅内动脉瘤的治疗安全性显著提高.现仅就当前颅内未破裂动脉瘤的治疗选择--手术夹闭、血管内栓塞及保守治疗等进行讨论,并... 详细信息

随着显微外科、颅底外科、尤其是血管内神经外科的长足进展,加之神经麻醉及术中神经电生理监测等相关学科的发展,颅内动脉瘤的治疗安全性显著提高.现仅就当前颅内未破裂动脉瘤的治疗选择--手术夹闭、血管内栓塞及保守治疗等进行讨论,并提倡'团队合作'以达到最理想的治疗效果.

关键词：颅内未破裂动脉瘤神经外科肿瘤动脉粥样硬化