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Advancements in Catalysts for Electrochemical Nitrate Reduction: A Sustainable Approach for Mitigating Nitrate Pollution: A Review

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Modern Research in Catalysis 2024年第1期13卷 1-28页

作者： Gerald D. S. Quoie jr. Jean Pierre Bavumiragira Varney Kromah State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai China Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment Ministry of Education Tongji University Shanghai China Department of Mining Engineering College of Engineering University of Liberia Monrovia Liberia

Nitrate pollution is of great importance in both the environmental and health contexts, necessitating the development of efficient mitigation strategies. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the many catalysts employed in the electrochemical reduction of nitrate to ammonia, and presents a viable environmentally friendly approach to address the issue of nitrate pollution. Hence, the electrochemical transformation of nitrate to ammonia serves the dual purpose of addressing nitrate pollution in water bodies, and is a useful agricultural resource. This review examines a range of catalyst materials such as noble and non-noble metals, metal oxides, carbon-based materials, nitrogen-doped carbon species, metal complexes, and semiconductor photocatalysts. It evaluates catalytic efficiency, selectivity, stability, and overall process optimization. The performance of catalysts is influenced by various factors, including reaction conditions, catalyst structure, loading techniques, and electrode interfaces. Comparative analysis was performed to evaluate the catalytic activity, selectivity, Faradaic efficiency, current density, stability, and durability of the catalysts. This assessment offers significant perspectives on the structural, compositional, and electrochemical characteristics that affect the efficacy of these catalysts, thus informing future investigations and advancements in this domain. In addition to mitigating nitrate pollution, the electrochemical reduction of nitrate to ammonia is in line with sustainable agricultural methods, resource conservation, and the utilization of renewable energy resources. This study explores the factors that affect the catalytic efficiency, provides new opportunities to address nitrate pollution, and promotes the development of sustainable environmental solutions.

关键词： Nitrate Pollution Electrochemical Reduction Ammonia Sustainable Farming Catalysts

Water Scarcity in Conakry, Guinea: Challenges and Proposed Strategies for a Way Forward

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2024年第4期16卷 264-280页

作者： Bernard Lassimo Diawara Gerald D. S. Quoie jr Zhuo Li Justin Junior Loua College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai China UNEP-Tongji Institute of Environment for Sustainable Development Tongji University Shanghai China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse Tongji University Shanghai China Business School Sichuan University Chengdu China

The capital of Guinea, Conakry, faces a notable difficulty due to a water shortage, which is worsened by the rapid increase in population and urban development. The Guinean Water Company (SEG) faces challenges in supplying water to the entire city due to its limited area of approximately 420 km2 and a population of 2 million. Moreover, the population growth rate is anticipated to increase dramatically, exacerbating the difficulty of fulfilling future water requirements. As a result, this study employs data from the Knoema website and the Institute of National Statistics of Guinea (INS) to examine the water production and distribution process by the SEG. The study examines the challenges related to water scarcity in Conakry and suggests strategies to assist the city in managing the present circumstances and planning for the future. The primary objective is to get a long-lasting water supply and uphold water quality to advance public health.

关键词： Water Scarcity Conakry Population Growth SDGs SEG

Older Adult Compendium of Physical Activities:Energy costs of human activities in adults aged 60 and older

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 13-17,F0003页

作者： Erik A.Willis Stephen D.Herrmann Mary Hastert Chelsea L.Kracht Tiago V.Barreira John M.Schuna jr. Zhenghua Cai Minghui Quan Scott A.Conger Wendy J.Brown Barbara E.Ainsworth Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research The University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Division of Physical Activity and Weight Management Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Clinical Science Division Pennington Biomedical Research CenterBaton RougeLA 70808USA Exercise Science Department Syracuse UniversitySyracuseNY 13244USA School of Exercise&Sport Science Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA School of Exercise and Health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China Department of Kinesiology Boise State UniversityBoiseID 83725USA School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences The University of QueenslandSt.LuciaQLD 4072Australia Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine Bond UniversityGold CoastQLD 4229Australia College of Health Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85003USA

Purpose:To describe the development of a Compendium for estimating the energy costs of activities in adults>60 years(OA Compendium).Methods:Physical activities(PAs)and their metabolic equivalent of task(MET)values were obtained from a systematic search of studies published in 4 sport and exercise databases(PubMed,Embase,SPORTDiscus(EBSCOhost),and Scopus)and a review of articles included in the 2011 Adult Compendium that measured PA in older *** values were computed as the oxygen cost(VO_(2),mL/kg/min)during PA divided by 2.7 m L/kg/min(MET_(60+))to account for the lower resting metabolic rate in older ***:We identified 68 articles and extracted energy expenditure data on 427 *** these,we derived 99 unique Specific Activity codes with corresponding MET_(60+)values for older *** developed a website to present the OA Compendium MET_(60+)values:https://***:The OA Compendium uses data collected from adults>60 years for more accurate estimation of the energy cost of PAs in older *** is an accessible resource that will allow researchers,educators,and practitioners to find MET_(60+)values for older adults for use in PA research and practice.

关键词： Energy expenditure Exercise MET Older adults

中国急性冠状动脉综合征患者治疗和预后的地区差异:来自国家胸痛中心的证据

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Science Bulletin 2024年第9期69卷 1302-1312页

作者：周书铎张岩董雪洁马郡雄李娜史红 Sidney C.Smith jr 金音子许铭向定成郑志杰霍勇 Department of Global Health Peking University School of Public HealthBeijing 100191China Institute for Global Health and Development Peking UniversityBeijing100871China Department of Cardiology Peking University First HospitalBeijing 100034China Chinese Medical Association Beijing 100052China Division of Cardiovascular Medicine School of MedicineUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillNorth Carolina 27599-3140USA Department of Cardiology General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLAGuangzhou 510010China

Regional variations in acute coronary syndrome(ACS) management and outcomes have been an enormous public health issue. However, studies have yet to explore how to reduce the variations. The National Chest Pain Center Program(NCPCP) is the first nationwide, hospital-based, comprehensive, continuous quality improvement program for improving the quality of care in patients with ACS in China. We evaluated the association of NCPCP and regional variations in ACS healthcare using generalized linear mixed models and interaction analysis. Patients in the Western region had longer onset-to-first medical contact(FMC) time and time stay in non-percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) hospitals, lower rates of PCI for ST-elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI) patients, and higher rates of medication *** in Central regions had relatively lower in-hospital mortality and in-hospital heart failure *** in the door-to-balloon time(Dto B) and in-hospital mortality between Western and Eastern regions were less after accreditation(β =-8.82, 95% confidence interval(CI)-14.61 to-3.03;OR = 0.79, 95%CI 0.70 to 0.91). Similar results were found in differences in Dto B time, primary PCI rate for STEMI between Central and Eastern regions. The differences in PCI for higher-risk non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome(NSTE-ACS) patients among different regions had been ***, the differences in medication use between Eastern and Western regions were higher after accreditation. Regional variations remained high in this large cohort of patients with ACS from hospitals participating in the NCPCP in China. More comprehensive interventions and hospital internal system optimizations are needed to further reduce regional variations in the management and outcomes of patients with ACS.

关键词： Acute coronary syndromes Quality improvement Regional variations Quality metrics

Estimating the Yield Loss of Winter Wheat from Drought in the United States Southern Plains Region as Influenced by El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第9期15卷 1018-1034页

作者： Prem Woli Gerald R. Smith Charles R. Long Francis M. Rouquette, jr. Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center Overton USA

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production is a major economic activity in most regional and rural areas in the Southern Plains, a semi-arid region of the United States. This region is vulnerable to drought and is projected to experience a drier climate in the future. Since the interannual variability in climate in this region is linked to an ocean-atmospheric phenomenon, called El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), droughts in this region may be associated with ENSO. Droughts that occur during the critical growth phases of wheat can be extremely costly. However, the losses due to an impending drought can be minimized through mitigation measures if it is predicted in advance. Predicting the yield loss from an imminent drought is crucial for stakeholders. One of the reliable ways for such prediction is using a plant physiology-based agricultural drought index, such as Agricultural Reference Index for Drought (ARID). This study developed ENSO phase-specific, ARID-based models for predicting the drought-induced yield loss for winter wheat in this region by accounting for its phenological phase-specific sensitivity to drought. The reasonable values of the drought sensitivity coefficients of the yield model for each ENSO phase (El Niño, La Niña, or Neutral) indicated that the yield models reflected reasonably well the phenomena of water stress decreasing the winter wheat yields in this region during different ENSO phases. The values of various goodness-of-fit measures used, including the Nash-Sutcliffe Index (0.54 to 0.67), the Willmott Index (0.82 to 0.89), and the percentage error (20 to 26), indicated that the yield models performed fairly well at predicting the ENSO phase-specific loss of wheat yields from drought. This yield model may be useful for predicting yield loss from drought and scheduling irrigation allocation based on the phenological phase-specific sensitivity to drought as impacted by ENSO.

关键词： ARID Drought Drought Index ENSO El Niño Growth-Stage Model Phenological-Phase Prediction Semi-Arid Wheat Yield Loss

Functionally graded structure of a nitride-strengthened Mg_(2)Si-based hybrid composite

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第3期12卷 1239-1256页

作者： Jeongho Yang Woongbeom Heogh Hogi Ju Sukhyun Kang Tae-Sik Jang Hyun-Do Jung Mohammad Jahazi Seung Chul Han Seong Je Park Hyoung Seop Kim Susmita Bose Amit Bandyopadhyay Martin Byung-Guk Jun Young Won Kim Dae-kyeom Kim Rigoberto CAdvincula Clodualdo Aranas jr Sang Hoon Kim School of Mechanical Engineering Pusan National UniversityBusan 46241Republic of Korea Department of Mechanical Design Engineering Hanyang UniversitySeoul 04763Republic of Korea Process Research 3 Team LG Display Co.Ltd.PajuGyeonggi-do 10845Republic of Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Chosun UniversityGwangju 61452Republic of Korea Institute of Well-Aging Medicare&Chosun University LAMP Center Chosun UniversityGwangju 61452Republic of Korea Division of Materials Science and Engineering Hanyang UniversitySeoul 04763Republic of Korea Department of Mechanical Engineering École de Technologie SupérieureMontrealQuebec H3C 1K3Canada Material&Component Convergence R&D Center Korea Construction Equipment Technology InstituteGunsanJeollabuk-do 54002Republic of Korea School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore Graduate Institute of Ferrous&Eco Materials Technology Pohang University of Science and TechnologyPohangGyeongsangbuk-do 37673Republic of Korea Advanced Institute for Materials Research Tohoku UniversitySendai 980-8577Japan Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology Yonsei UniversitySeoul 03722Republic of Korea School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Washington State UniversityPullmanWashington 99164USA School of Mechanical Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndiana 47907USA Research Institute of Advanced Manufacturing Technology Korea Institute of Industrial TechnologyIncheon 21999Republic of Korea Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhio 44106USA Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Joint Institute for Advanced Materials University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennessee 37996USA Center for Nanophase Materials and Sciences Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTennessee 37830USA Department of Mechanical Engineering University of New BrunswickFrederictonNew Brunswick E3B 5A3Cana

The ex-situ incorporation of the secondary SiC reinforcement,along with the in-situ incorporation of the tertiary and quaternary Mg_(3)N_(2) and Si_(3)N_(4) phases,in the primary matrix of Mg_(2)Si is employed in order to provide ultimate wear resistance based on the laser-irradiation-induced inclusion of N_(2) gas during laser powder bed *** is substantialized based on both the thermal diffusion-and chemical reactionbased metallurgy of the Mg_(2)Si–SiC/nitride hybrid *** study also proposes a functional platform for systematically modulating a functionally graded structure and modeling build-direction-dependent architectonics during additive *** strategy enables the development of a compositional gradient from the center to the edge of each melt pool of the Mg_(2)Si–SiC/nitride hybrid ***,the coefficient of friction of the hybrid composite exhibits a 309.3%decrease to–1.67 compared to–0.54 for the conventional nonreinforced Mg_(2)Si structure,while the tensile strength exhibits a 171.3%increase to 831.5 MPa compared to 485.3 MPa for the conventional *** outstanding mechanical behavior is due to the(1)the complementary and synergistic reinforcement effects of the SiC and nitride compounds,each of which possesses an intrinsically high hardness,and(2)the strong adhesion of these compounds to the Mg_(2)Si matrix despite their small sizes and low concentrations.

关键词： Laser powder bed fusion Mg_(2)Si-SiC/nitride hybrid composite Both the thermal diffusion-and chemical reaction-based metallurgy Functionally graded structure Compositional gradient Wear resistance.

L-4F抑制低密度脂蛋白诱导的内皮细胞氧自由基产生

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中国心血管病研究 2004年第10期2卷 761-763页

作者：区景松欧志君 kirkwood a.pritchard jr 广州医学院第一附属医院心胸外科广州医学院第一附属医院心内科 Pediatric Surgery Cardiovascluar CenterMedical College of Wisconsim

目的　探讨L - 4F ,一个载脂蛋白A -Ⅰ (apolipoproteinA -Ⅰ ,ApoA -Ⅰ )类似物 ,能否抑制低密度脂蛋白(LowDensityLipoprotein ,LDL)诱导的内皮细胞 (Endothelialcell,EC)的氧自由基 (Superoxideanion ,O2 )产生。方法　①采用牛主动... 详细信息

目的　探讨L - 4F ,一个载脂蛋白A -Ⅰ (apolipoproteinA -Ⅰ ,ApoA -Ⅰ )类似物 ,能否抑制低密度脂蛋白(LowDensityLipoprotein ,LDL)诱导的内皮细胞 (Endothelialcell,EC)的氧自由基 (Superoxideanion ,O2 )产生。方法　①采用牛主动脉EC(BovineAorticEndothelialcell,BAEC)作细胞培养 ,分成 4组。第一组不作预处理 ,第二组L -4F 10 μg/ml,第三组LDL 6 .2mmol/L ,第四组LDL +L - 4F ,预处理BAEC 2 4h后 ,用超氧化物歧化酶可抑制的铁化细胞色素C还原法 ,测量A2 3187刺激状态下BAEC的O2 的产生情况。②采用成年犬的颈内动脉作组织的培养 ,分成 3组。第一组不作预处理 ,第二组LDL 6 .2mmol/L ,第三组LDL +LF ,预处理 2 4h后用Hydroethidine 10 μmol/L染色后用共聚焦显微镜测量组织EC的O2 的产量。结果　①LDL导致A2 3187刺激状态下的BAECO2 产生增加 ,L - 4F可以抑制LDL导致的BAECO2 产生增加 ,而L - 4F本身对BAEC的O2 产生无影响。②LDL导致的血管组织O2 的产生增加 ,L - 4F可抑制LDL导致的血管组织O2 的产生增加。结论　L - 4F可以明显抑制LDL诱导的ECO2 产生增加 ,为将来寻找预防动脉粥样硬化形成的方法提供新的线索和理论依据。

关键词：脂蛋白内皮细胞氧自由基

Prevention of Physiological Impairments from Whole Body Vibration by Conditioning with 4F ApoA-I Mimetic

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Journal of Health Science 2014年第9期2卷 441-452页

作者： Ji-Geng Yan Lin-ling Zhang Michael Agresti Yuhui Yan Ammar Matloob Hani S. Matloub kirkwood A. pritchard jr. Research Lab of Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Medical College of Wisconsin 8701 Watertown Plank RoadMilwaukee Wisconsin 53226 USA Research Lab of Department of Pediatric Surgery Children 's Hospital of Wisconsin 9000 West Wisconsin Avenue WauwatosaWisconsin 53226 USA

Is physical fatigue one of the major causes of motor vehicle accidents？ Our study results challenged this traditional belief, and indicated that motor vehicle induced whole body vibration （WBV） is the actual cause. In this study, rats were subjected to simulated WBV. After 2 weeks all rats were evaluated by multiple physiological tests. Results indicated that WBV for short periods impaired the animal＇s mental judgment capabilities as well as sensory and motor functions. The primary reason for this is that WBV caused vasoconstriction, which decreased the cerebral blood flow as shown by Doppler imaging. This reduction in blood flow impaired the animal＇s ability to run a maze. Nerve functions were affected as well. This was shown by a reduction in nerve conduction velocity （NCV）. An increase in tail flick and Von Frey withdrawal times showed sensory deficits. Grip strength was also reduced. 4F （human apolipoprotein A-I molecule mimetic） conditioning has shown preventive effects against WBV injury as indicated by the above functional tests. This animal model simulated the most common motor vehicle travel vibration and validated the biological cause and mechanism of physiological impairment from WBV, which can be translated into a practical application for motor vehicle accident prevention.

关键词： Vibration injury neural impairment 4F (human apolipoprotein A-I molecule mimetic) prevention of motor vehicleaccidents.

Current interventional options for palliative care for patients with advanced-stage cholangiocarcinoma

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2024年第3期15卷 381-390页

作者： Maryam Makki Malak Bentaleb Mohammed Abdulrahman Amal Abdulla Suhool Salem Al Harthi Marcelo AF Ribeiro jr Department of Surgery Division of TraumaCritical Care and Acute Care SurgerySheikh Shakhbout Medical CityAbu Dhabi 11001United Arab Emirates Department of Surgery College of Medicine and Health SciencesKhalifa UniversityAbu Dhabi 11001United Arab Emirates Department of Surgery Division of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary(HPB)SurgerySheikh Shakhbout Medical CityAbu Dhabi 91888United Arab Emirates

Primary biliary tract tumors are malignancies that originate in the liver,bile ducts,or *** tumors often present with jaundice of unknown etiology,leading to delayed diagnosis and advanced ***,several palliative treatment options are available for primary biliary tract *** include percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage(PTBD),biliary stenting,and surgical interventions such as biliary *** therapy is also commonly used for the palliative treatment of primary biliary tract *** involves the administration of chemotherapy drugs,such as gemcitabine and cisplatin,which have shown promising results in improving overall survival in patients with advanced biliary tract *** is another palliative treatment option for patients with unresectable or inoperable malignant biliary *** stenting can also be used as a palliative treatment option to alleviate symptoms in patients with unresectable or inoperable malignant biliary *** interventions,such as biliary diversion,have traditionally been used as palliative options for primary biliary tract ***,biliary diversion only provides temporary relief and does not remove the *** biliary tract tumors often present in advanced stages,making palliative treatment the primary option for improving the quality of life of patients.

关键词： Cholangiocarcinoma Palliative care Endoscopic treatment Surgery Complications Interventional radiology