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Shoot and root traits in drought tolerant maize(Zea mays L.) hybrids

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第5期17卷 1093-1105页

作者： ZHAO Jin XUe Qing-wu kirk e jessup HOU Xiao-bo HAO Bao-zhen Thomas H Marek XU Wen-wei Steven R evett Susan A O'Shaughnessy David K Brauer Texas A&M AgriLife Research and extension Center at Amarillo TX 79106 USA Department of Soil Water and Environmental Sciences University of Arizona AZ 85721 USA School of Science and Technology Xinxiang University Xinxiang 453003 P.R.China Texas A&M AgriLife Research and extension Center at Lubbock TX 79403 USA USDA-ARS Conservation and Production Research Laboratory TX 79012 USA

This study aimed to investigate the differences in shoot and root traits, and water use and water use efficiency（WUe） in drought tolerant（DT） maize（Zea mays L.） hybrids under full and deficit irrigated conditions. A two-year greenhouse study was conducted with four hybrids（one conventional hybrid, 33D53AM, two commercial DT hybrids, P1151 AM, N75H, and an experimental hybrid, exp HB） grown under two water regimes（I（100） and I（50）, referring to 100 and 50% of evapotranspiration requirements）. Under water stress, the hybids P1151 AM, N75, and exp HB showed more drought tolerance and had either greater shoot dry weight or less dry weight reduction than the conventional hybrid（33 D53 AM）. However, these three hybrids responded to water stress using different mechanisms. Compared with the conventional hybrid, the two commercial DT hybrids（P1151 AM and N75H） had a smaller leaf area, shoot dry weight, and root system per plant. As a result, these hybrids used less water but had a higher WUe compared with the conventional hybrid. In contrast, the experimental hybrid（expHB） produced more shoot biomass by silking stage at both irrigation levels than all other hybrids, but it had relatively lower WUe. The hybrids demonstrated different drought response mechanisms that may require different irrigation management strategies. More investigation and validation are needed under field conditions and in different soil types.

关键词： drought tolerant hybrid rooting characteristics water use water use efficiency

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Deep learning based classification of sheep behaviour from accelerometer data with imbalance

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2023年第3期10卷 377-390页

作者： kirk e.Turner Andrew Thompson Ian Harris Mark Ferguson Ferdous Sohel Discipline of Information Technology Murdoch UniversityMurdochWA 6150Australia Centre for Crop and Food Innovation Food Futures InstituteMurdoch UniversityMurdochWA 6150Australia College of Science HealthEngineering and EducationMurdoch UniversityMurdochWA 6150Australia neXtgen Agri Saint MartinsChristchurch 8022New Zealand

Classification of sheep behaviour from a sequence of tri-axial accelerometer data has the potential to enhance sheep *** behaviour is inherently imbalanced(e.g.,more ruminating than walking)resulting in underperforming classification for the minority activities which hold *** works have not addressed class imbalance and use traditional machine learning techniques,e.g.,Random Forest(RF).We investigated Deep Learning(DL)models,namely,Long Short Term Memory(LSTM)and Bidirectional LSTM(BLSTM),appropriate for sequential data,from imbalanced *** data sets were collected in normal grazing conditions using jaw-mounted and earmounted *** to this study,alongside typical single classes,e.g.,walking,depending on the behaviours,data samples were labelled with compound classes,e.g.,walking_-*** number of steps a sheep performed in the observed 10 s time window was also recorded and incorporated in the *** designed several multi-class classification studies with imbalance being addressed using synthetic *** models achieved superior performance to traditional ML models,especially with augmented data(e.g.,4-Class+Steps:LSTM 88.0%,RF 82.5%).DL methods showed superior generalisability on unseen sheep(i.e.,F1-score:BLSTM 0.84,LSTM 0.83,RF 0.65).LSTM,BLSTM and RF achieved sub-millisecond average inference time,making them suitable for real-time *** results demonstrate the effectiveness of DL models for sheep behaviour classification in grazing *** results also demonstrate the DL techniques can generalise across different *** study presents a strong foundation of the development of such models for real-time animal monitoring.

关键词： Sheep behaviour classification Data synthesis Class imbalance Grazing sheep

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Recent developments in topoisomerase-targeted cancer chemotherapy

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2018年第6期8卷 844-861页

作者： kirk e.Hevener Tatsiana A.Verstak Katie e.Lutat Daniel L.Riggsbee Jeremiah W.Mooney Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Tennessee Health Science Center

The DNA topoisomerase enzymes are essential to cell function and are found ubiquitously in all domains of life. The various topoisomerase enzymes perform a wide range of functions related to the maintenance of DNA topology during DNA replication, and transcription are the targets of a wide range of antimicrobial and cancer chemotherapeutic agents. Natural product-derived agents, such as the camptothecin, anthracycline, and podophyllotoxin drugs, have seen broad use in the treatment of many types of cancer. Selective targeting of the topoisomerase enzymes for cancer treatment continues to be a highly active area of basic and clinical research. The focus of this review will be to summarize the current state of the art with respect to clinically used topoisomerase inhibitors for targeted cancer treatment and to discuss the pharmacology and chemistry of promising new topoisomerase inhibitors in clinical and preclinical development.

关键词： Topoisomerase Inhibition Cancer Oncology Clinical Pre-clinical

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Bayesian Optimization for Field-Scale Geological Carbon Storage

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engineering 2022年第11期18卷 96-104页

作者： Xueying Lu kirk e.Jordan Mary F.Wheeler edward O.Pyzer-Knapp Matthew Benatan Center for Subsurface Modeling Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and SciencesThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTX 78712USA IBM Research United Kingdom Warrington WA44ADUK

We present a framework that couples a high-fidelity compositional reservoir simulator with Bayesian optimization(BO)for injection well scheduling optimization in geological carbon *** work represents one of the first at tempts to apply BO and high-fidelity physics models to geological carbon *** implicit parallel accurate reservoir simulator(IPARS)is utilized to accurately capture the underlying physical processes during CO_(2)*** provides a framework for several flow and mechanics models and thus supports both stand-alone and coupled *** this work,we use the compositional flow module to simulate the geological carbon storage *** compositional flow model,which includes a hysteretic three-phase relative permeability model,accounts for three major CO_(2)trapping mechanisms:structural trapping,residual gas trapping,and solubility ***,IPARS is coupled to the International Business Machines(IBM)Corporation Bayesian Optimization Accelerator(BOA)for parallel optimizations of CO_(2)injection strategies during field-scale CO_(2)*** builds a probabilistic surrogate for the objective function using a Bayesian machine learning algorithm-the Gaussian process regression,and then uses an acquisition function that leverages the uncertainty in the surrogate to decide where to *** IBM BOA addresses the three weaknesses of standard BO that limits its scalability in that IBM BOA supports parallel(batch)executions,scales better for high-dimensional problems,and is more robust to *** demonstrate these merits by applying the algorithm in the optimization of the CO_(2)injection schedule in the Cranfield site in Mississippi,USA,using field *** optimized injection schedule achieves 16%more gas storage volume and 56%less water/surfactant usage compared with the *** performance of BO is compared with that of a genetic algorithm(GA)and a covariance matrix adaptation(CMA)-e

关键词： Compositional flow Bayesian optimization Geological carbon storage CCUS Machine learning AI for science

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economic appraisal of shale gas resources, an example from the Horn River shale gas play, Canada

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Petroleum Science 2015年第4期12卷 712-725页

作者： Zhuoheng Chen kirk G.Osadetz Xuansha Chen Geological Survey of Canada University of Calgary ZLR Valeon

Development of unconventional shale gas resources involves intensive capital investment accompa- nying large commercial production uncertainties. eco- nomic appraisal, bringing together multidisciplinary project data and information and providing likely economic outcomes for various development scenarios, forms the core of business decision-making. This paper uses a dis- counted cash flow （DCF） model to evaluate the economic outcome of shale gas development in the Horn River Basin, northeastern British Columbia, Canada. Through numerical examples, this study demonstrates that the use of a single average decline curve for the whole shale gas play is the equivalent of the results from a random drilling process. Business decision based on a DCF model using a single decline curve could be vulnerable to drastic changes of shale gas productivity across the play region. A random drilling model takes those drastic changes in well estimated ultimate recovery （eUR） and decline rates into account in the economic appraisal, providing more information useful for business decisions. Assuming a natural gas well-head price of S4/MCF and using a 10 % discount rate, the results from this study suggest that a random drilling strategy （e.g., one that does not regard well eURs）, could lead to a negative net present value （NPV）; whereas a drilling sequence that gives priority to developing those wells with larger eURs earlier in the drilling history could result in a positive NPV with various payback time and internal rate of return （IRR）. Under a random drilling assumption, the breakeven price is S4.2/MCF with more than 10 years of payout time. In contrast, if the drilling order is strictly proportional to well eURs, the result is a much better economic outcome with a breakeven price below the assumed well-head price accompanied by a higher IRR.

关键词： Drilling order eUR Risk aversion - Shalepetroleum resource

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effects of helium on irradiation-induced phase instability in a NiCrFeTiNbAl alloy

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Tungsten 2021年第1期3卷 58-64页

作者： He Zhang Zhong-Wen Yao Marquis A.kirk Department of Mechanical and Materials engineering Queen’s UniversityKingston K7L 3N6Canada Material Science Division Argonne National LaboratoryArgonneIL 60439USA

The Ni–Fe–Cr based superalloy with percentage additions of Nb,Al and Ti,called"Inconel X750 superalloy",is studied with its importance in nuclear *** reactor neutron irradiation,the strengthening phase Ni3(Al,Ti)in the form of gamma prime precipitates were somehow disordered,and dissolved eventually,by which the mechanical properties of materials were *** is of high interests to investigate the e ects of transmutation production helium on radiationinduced instability of gamma prime in the *** transmission electron microscope in situ heavy ion irradiations with and without pre-injected helium are performed *** precipitates were disordered by heavy ion irradiation after 0.06 displacement per atom(dpa).The presence of 2×10-4 atoms helium delayed the disordering of Ni3(Al,Ti)precipitates to 0.68 *** 4×10-4 atoms helium,the precipitates required doses of>2.7 dpa to become *** addition,the precipitation of M23C6 particles were observed at 600℃irradiation to 5.4 dpa with 4×10-4 atoms helium pre-injected.

关键词： γ’Precipitates Disordering Inconel X-750 Helium pre-injection

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An assessment of African lion Panthera leo sociality via social network analysis： prerelease monitoring for an ex situ reintroduction program

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Current Zoology 2017年第3期63卷 301-311页

作者： emma J. DUNSTON Jackie ABeL Rebecca e. DOYLe Jacqui kirk Victoria B. HILLeY Andrew FORSYTH emma JeNKINS Rafael FReIRe School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Charles Sturt University Wagga Wagga NSW 2678 Australia Social and Conservation Psycology Coventry University Coventry CV1 5FB UK African Lion & environmental Research Trust Melrose Farm Livingstone 23345 Zambia Animal Welfare Science Centre The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia African Lion & environmental Research Trust Antelope Park Gweru Midlands Zimbabwe Siyafunda The Greater Makalali Private Game Reserve Harmony 27 Hoedspruit 0895 South Africa

The wild population of the African lion Panthera leo continues to decline, requiring alternate conservation programs to be considered. One such program is ex situ reintroduction. Prior to release, longterm monitoring and assessment of behavior is required to determine whether prides and coalitions behave naturally and are sufficiently adapted to a wild environment. Social network analysis （SNA） can be used to provide insight into how the pride as a whole and individuals within it, function. Our study was conducted upon 2 captive-origin prides who are part of an ex situ reintroduction program, and 1 wild pride of African lion. Social interactions were collected at all occurrence for each pride and categorized into greet, social grooming, play, and aggression. Betweenness centrality showed that offspring in each pride were central to the play network, whereas degree indicated that adults received （indegree） the greatest number of overall social interactions, and the adult males of each pride were least likely to initiate （outdegree） any interactions. Through the assessment of individual centrality and degree values, a social keystone adult female was identified for each pride. Social network results indicated that the 2 captive-origin prides had formed cohesive social units and possessed relationships and behaviors comparable with the wild pride for the studied behaviors. This study provided the first SNA comparison between captive-bred origin and a wild pride of lions, providing valuable information on individual and pride sociality, critical for determining the success of prides within an ex situ reintroduction program.

关键词： African lion Panthera leo conservation ex situ reintroduction social interactions.

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An assessment of the taxonomy and chemotaxonomy of Ganoderma

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Fungal Diversity 2015年第2期71卷 1-15页

作者： Christian Richter Kathrin Wittstein Paul M.kirk Marc Stadler Department Microbial Drugs Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbHInhoffenstraße 738124 BraunschweigGermany Mycology Section Royal Botanic GardensKewSurrey TW93DSUK State Key Laboratory of Mycology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

The taxonomic and nomenclatural history of the genus Ganoderma and related basidiomycetes is reviewed and compared to recent studies on its molecular phylogeny.A basidiomycete belonging to the genus Ganoderma can often rather easily be recognised in the field from the macromorphological characters of the *** most important species and lineages can also be discriminated well by molecular ***,the application of incongruent species concepts and the frequent misapplication of european names by chemists and other non-taxonomists have created confusion in the scientific *** identity of the species reported in the course of mycochemical studies can often not be verified,since no voucher material was *** this review,an overview on the most important types of specific chemotaxonomic traits(i.e.,secondary metabolites of the basidiomes and mycelia)reported from the genus is *** certain triterpenoids such as ganoderic and lucidenic acids,steroids(***)and triterpenes(***)appear to have some chemotaxonomic value at the generic rank,their relevance for species discrimination remains to be *** propose that all important names in Ganoderma should be,as required,epitypified by fresh collections for which living cultures should be made available and that these should be examined by a combination of morphological,chemotaxonomic and molecular phylogenetic methods to attain a more stable taxonomy.

关键词： Polyporales Basidiomycota Chemosystematics evolution

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Is routine measurement of international normalized ratio necessary as part of the investigation of patients with cardiac-type chest pain?

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World Journal of emergency Medicine 2021年第3期12卷 221-224页

作者： Samuel G.Campbell kirk Magee Ismail Cajee Simon Field Michael B.Butler Christine L.Campbell Sarah e.Bryson Charles V.Keating emergency and Trauma Centre Queen Elizabeth II HSCHalifaxNova Scotia B3H 3A7Canada

Dear editor, Chest pain is a frequent complaint of patients presenting to the emergency department (eD), and many of them are referred to the cardiology service for further investigation. At the Charles V. Keating emergency and Trauma Centre in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, 4,800 (6.6%) of the approximately 73,000 patients per year register with a complaint of “chest pain”, and 20% of patients are referred to cardiology. Coagulation studies, specifi cally international normalized ratio (INR) frequently part of the “routine” panel of blood tests, are ordered for patients in the eD being investigated or treated for chest pain suspected to be cardiac in nature. Recent calls to examine how much of our practice is likely to benefit patients in any way have led us to question the clinical utility of routine use of these tests.

关键词： routine patients pain

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Development and evaluation of Gold 3D Cylindrical Nanoelectrode ensembles

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2007年第11期25卷 1754-1757页

作者：曹立新闫培生孙克宁 kirk, W Donald Department of Applied Chemistry Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin Heilongjiang 150001 China Department of Bioengineering Harbin Institute of Technology Weihai Campus Weihai Shandong 264209 China Department of Chemical engineering and Applied Chemistry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5S 3E5 Canada

Gold 3D cylindrical nanoelectrode ensembles （Nees）, 100 nm in diameter and 500 nm in length were prepared by electroless template synthesis in polycarbonate filter membranes, followed by selective controlled chemical etching. The morphology of the nanowires and cylindrical Nees was imaged by scanning electron microscopy. The protruding nanoelectrodes were in good parallel order. eDX study showed that the nanoelectrode elements consisted of pure gold. The electrochemical evaluation of the 3D electrodes was conducted using the well known [Fe（CN）6]^3-/[Fe（CN）6]^4- couple. Cyclic voltammgrams （CV） show a very low double layer charging current and a higher ratio of signal to background current than 2D disc Nees. electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （eIS） indicates that the 3D cylindrical Nees effectively accelerate the charge transfer process, which is in consistent with the results of CV. The linear relationship with a slope of 0.5 between lg Ipc and lg v shows that linear diffusion is dominant on the 3D cylindrical Nees at conventional scan rates.

关键词： cylindrical nanoelectrode emsembles template synthesis chemical etching cylclic voltammetry electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

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