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Estimating the subsolar magnetopause position from soft X-ray images using a low-pass image filter

Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 173-183页

作者： Hyangpyo Kim Hyunju K.Connor Jaewoong Jung Brian M.Walsh david Sibeck kip d.kuntz Frederick S.Porter Catriana K.Paw U Rousseau A.Nutter Ramiz Qudsi Rumi Nakamura Michael Collier Space Research Institute Austrian Academy of Sciences8042 GrazAustria Geophysical Institute University of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksAlaska 99775USA National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA)Goddard Space Flight Center GreenbeltMaryland 20771USA Astronomy department University of Maryland College ParkCollege ParkMaryland 20742USA Center for Space Physics Boston UniversityBostonMassachusetts 02215USA department of Physics and Astronomy Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMaryland 21218USA Howard University WashingtonDC 20059USA

The Lunar Environment heliospheric X-ray Imager(LEXI)and Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)missions will image the Earth’s dayside magneto pause and cusps in soft X-rays after their respective launches in the near future,to specify glo bal magnetic reconnection modes for varying solar wind conditions.To suppo rt the success of these scientific missions,it is critical to develop techniques that extract the magnetopause locations from the observed soft X-ray images.In this research,we introduce a new geometric equation that calculates the subsolar magnetopause position(RS)from a satellite position,the look direction of the instrument,and the angle at which the X-ray emission is maximized.Two assumptions are used in this method:(1)The look direction where soft X-ray emissions are maximized lies tangent to the magnetopause,and(2)the magnetopause surface near the subsolar point is almost spherical and thus RSis nea rly equal to the radius of the magneto pause curvature.We create synthetic soft X-ray images by using the Open Geospace General Circulation Model(OpenGGCM)global magnetohydrodynamic model,the galactic background,the instrument point spread function,and Poisson noise.We then apply the fast Fourier transform and Gaussian low-pass filte rs to the synthetic images to re move noise and obtain accurate look angles for the soft X-ray pea ks.From the filte red images,we calculate RS and its accuracy for different LEXI locations,look directions,and solar wind densities by using the OpenGGCM subsolar magnetopause location as ground truth.Our method estimates RS with an accuracy ofd density exceeds>10 cm-3.The accuracy improves for greater solar wind densities and during southward interplanetary magnetic fields.The method ca ptures the magnetopause motion during southwa rd interplaneta ry magnetic field turnings.Consequently,the technique will enable quantitative analysis of the magnetopause motion and help reveal the dayside reconnection modes for dynamic solar wind con

关键词： soft X-ray magnetopause reconnection low-pass filter LEXI SMILE

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药物洗脱支架时代6906例患者接受经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的结局:dEScover注册研究的报告

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（心脏病学分册） 2007年第4期3卷 23-24页

作者： Williams d.O. Abbott J.d. kip K.E. 孙凯 Rhode Island Hospital APC 814593 Eddy StProvidenceRI 02903United States Dr.

背景:dEScover注册研究旨在观察美国常规临床实践中被选择应用药物洗脱支架(dES)治疗患者的特征及其预后。

关键词：药物洗脱支架 dEScover 介入治疗临床实践紫杉醇洗脱支架裸金属支架病变类型靶血管血运

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The Trichoderma-plant interaction is mediated by avirulence proteins produced by this fungus

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浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版） 2004年第4期30卷 422-422页

作者： Ruocco M Lanzuise S Woo S L Ambrosino P Marra R Turrà d Gigante S Formisano E Scala F kip N P J G M de Wit Lorito M dip. Arboricoltura Botanica e Patologia Vegetale-Sez. Patologia Vegetale Lab. di Lotta Biologica Università di Napoli "Federico II" and CNR-IPP Via Università 100 Portici (NA) 80055 Italy Dip. Arboricoltura Botanica e Patologia Vegetale-Sez. Patologia Vegetale Lab. di Lotta Biologica Università di Napoli "Federico II" and CNR-IPP Via Università 100 Portici (NA) 80055 Italy Dip. Arboricoltura Botanica e Patologia Vegetale-Sez. Patologia Vegetale Lab. di Lotta Biologica Università di Napoli "Federico II" and CNR-IPP Via Università 100 Portici (NA) 80055 Italy Dip. Arboricoltura Botanica e Patologia Vegetale-Sez. Patologia Vegetale Lab. di Lotta Biologica Università di Napoli "Federico II" and CNR-IPP Via Università 100 Portici (NA) 80055 ItalyDip. Arboricoltura Botanica e Patologia Vegetale-Sez. Patologia Vegetale Lab. di Lotta Biologica Università di Napoli "Federico II" and CNR-IPP Via Università 100 Portici (NA) 80055 Italy Dip. Arboricoltura Botanica e Patologia Vegetale-Sez. Patologia Vegetale Lab. di Lotta Biologica Università di Napoli "Federico II" and CNR-IPP Via Università 100 Portici (NA) 80055 Italy Dip. Arboricoltura Botanica e Patologia Vegetale-Sez. Patologia Vegetale Lab. di Lotta Biologica Università di Napoli "Federico II" and CNR-IPP Via Università 100 Portici (NA) 80055 Italy Dip. Arboricoltura Botanica e Patologia Vegetale-Sez. Patologia Vegetale Lab. di Lotta Biologica Università di Napoli "Federico II" and CNR-IPP Via Università 100 Portici (NA) 80055 Italy Dip. Arboricoltura Botanica e Patologia Vegetale-Sez. Patologia Vegetale Lab. di Lotta Biologica Università di Napoli "Federico II" and CNR-IPP Via Università 100 Portici (NA) 80055 Italy Dip. Arboricoltura Botanica e Patologia Vegetale-Sez. Patologia Vegetale Lab. di Lotta Biologica Università di Napoli "Federico II" and CNR-IPP Via Università 100 Portici (NA) 80055 Italy Dip. Arboricoltura Botanica e Patologia Vegetale-Sez. Patologia Vegetale Lab. di Lotta Biologica

The molecular basis of Trichoderma -plant interaction is very complex and still not completely understood. The colonization of the root system by rhizosphere competent strains of Trichoderma results in increased development of root/aerial systems, in improved yields and in plant disease control. Other beneficial effects, such as the induction of plant systemic resistance, have also been described. To understand the mechanisms involved we are using different approaches, including the making of transformants expressing genes that encode for compounds able to affect plant response to pathogens. Trichoderma transformants carrying the avirulence gene Avr4 from Cladosporium fulvum under the control of constitutive and inducible promoters were obtained and tested on tomato plants having the Cf4 resistance gene. Necrosis and suberification zones, similar to the symptoms appearing during Cladosporium-tomato interaction, were found when the roots of the Cf4 plants were treated with Avr4-Trichoderma. This demonstrates that selected Trichoderma strains are able to transfer to the plant molecules that may deeply affect metabolism, disease resistance etc. Therefore, these beneficial fungi can be regarded as biotechnological tools to provide a variety of crops with useful compounds. Moreover, in in vitro competition assays the transformants were found to be more effective as antagonists against Alternaria alternata than the wild type. Trichoderma sends a variety of biochemical signals to the plants including avirulence molecules; therefore the presence of avr-like proteins in the fungus proteome was investigated. Proteome analysis has permitted us to isolate and sequence many proteins potentially having this function. From the extracellular protein extracts, we have purified and sequenced a protein with structural characteristics similar to Avr4 of C. fulvum. The protein, Hytra1, was found to be a hydrophobin with chitin binding activity, the typical 8 cysteine residues, and 4 disulfide bridges. Infiltrations of the extracellul

关键词：无毒力蛋白质真菌木霉属生产植物

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后疫情时代的科学与教育

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物理与工程 2020年第5期30卷 113-116页

作者：布兰福德R d 索恩K S 苏卫锋(译) 乐永康(译) 斯坦福大学美国加利福尼亚斯坦福94305 加州理工学院美国加利福尼亚帕萨迪纳91125 复旦大学物理学系上海200433

2020年初发端的新冠肺炎疫情已经非常深刻地影响着社会和其中的个体。在全球每日确诊病例仍处高位的当下,我们还完全无法预估疫情的影响到底会有多深远。很显然,教育,是这次疫情中受影响最深的领域之一。国内教育界的同仁们可能还在深... 详细信息

2020年初发端的新冠肺炎疫情已经非常深刻地影响着社会和其中的个体。在全球每日确诊病例仍处高位的当下,我们还完全无法预估疫情的影响到底会有多深远。很显然,教育,是这次疫情中受影响最深的领域之一。国内教育界的同仁们可能还在深入思考如何保障疫情期间的教学,疫情之后的教学会有哪些变化等问题,但疫情期间的社会万象却也实实在在地提醒我们:民众的科学素养和科学态度还有比较大的提高空间。在深陷疫情泥沼的美国,物理教学期刊"American Journal of Physics"(AJP)在其第7期上刊载了两位特邀评论员——斯坦福大学的罗杰d.布兰福德教授(2020年邵逸夫天文学奖获得者)和加州理工学院的基普S.索恩教授(2016年邵逸夫天文学奖、2017年复旦-中植科学奖、2017年诺贝尔物理学奖获得者)共同撰写的非常具有前瞻性的评论文章"Post-pandemic science and education"。该评论从疫情带来的影响和政府响应的失败入手,分析了民众的理性思维对社会健康的重要性,进而探讨重建社会所需的教育变革和科学教育工作者在其中的作用。评论所分析的美国社会现状的不少观点可谓针砭时弊,对我们有警示也有启发。两位作者在文中还展现了科学家、科学教育工作者舍我其谁的责任感,似乎恰恰展现了中国传统文化中"先天下之忧而忧"的担当。衷心感谢AJP编辑部和两位作者给予我们授权,让我们有机会勉力翻译全文以飨读者。我们企望已经尽量准确地传达原文的意思,至少没有曲解。有兴趣的读者可以从网站(https://***/toc/ajp/88/7)下载这篇全开放获取的评论,以求更准确的理解。在此,译者感谢在德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校攻读博士的牛晓宇同学第一时间向我们推荐了这篇文章,感谢复旦大学国际文化交流学院的王颖教授就原文中的几处难点给予我们指导,感谢原作者团队对译文的确认和指正。

关键词：后疫情时代科学素养科学教育

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Loss of CdKN1B induces an age-related clonal hematopoietic disorder via Notch2 activity dysregulation

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Cancer Communications 2023年第7期43卷 844-849页

作者： Ilenia Segatto Gian Luca Rampioni Vinciguerra Ilenia Pellarin Alessandra dall’Acqua Stefania Berton Francesca Citron Sara d’Andrea Giorgia Mungo davide Viotto Lorena Musco Arianna di Napoli Maria Antonietta Aloe Spiriti Vincenzo Canzonieri Valter Gattei Andrea Vecchione Barbara Belletti Gustavo Baldassarre division of Molecular Oncology Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano(CRO)Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico(IRCCS)National Cancer InstituteAviano(PN)Italy department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine University of Rome“La Sapienza”Santo Andrea HospitalRomeItaly division of Pathology Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano(CRO)Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico(IRCCS)National Cancer InstituteAviano(PN)Italy division of Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano(CRO)Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico(IRCCS)National Cancer InstituteAviano(PN)Italy

dear Editor,The tumor suppressor gene CdKN1B,encoding for the p27^(kip1)(p27)protein,defines the smallest region of deletion on chromosome 12p13 described in clonal hematopoietic disorders(CHds)[1].Among them,myelodysplastic syndromes(MdSs)display typical onset in the elderly and an indolent behavior that may evolve in acute myeloid leukemia(AML)[2].Recent evidences support a model of parallel clonal evolution at the stem or progenitor cell level and implicate the need of more preclinical,translational and clinical research to identify better ways to timely target clones that may evolve toward malignancy[3,4].

关键词： hematopoietic clinical acute

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基因表达谱鉴定高危多发性骨髓瘤(英文)

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中南大学学报（医学版） 2007年第2期32卷 191-203页

作者： Bart Barlogie John d. Shaughnessy Jr donna d. and donald M. Lambert Laboratory of Myeloma Genetics at the Myeloma Institute for Researchand Therapy University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock AR72205USA

多发性骨髓瘤是一种常见的血液系统恶性肿瘤,其发病率在血液系统恶性肿瘤中居第二位,目前仍不可治愈。且多发性骨髓瘤患者生存时间跨度大,短至数月,长达15年以上,这说明骨髓瘤患者间存在遗传异质性,表现为分化程度不一及细胞和分子遗传... 详细信息

多发性骨髓瘤是一种常见的血液系统恶性肿瘤,其发病率在血液系统恶性肿瘤中居第二位,目前仍不可治愈。且多发性骨髓瘤患者生存时间跨度大,短至数月,长达15年以上,这说明骨髓瘤患者间存在遗传异质性,表现为分化程度不一及细胞和分子遗传特征的差异。阿肯色州立医学院骨髓瘤研究治疗中心是世界上接受和治疗骨髓瘤病人最多的医院,我们采集了初诊和大剂量化疗后的多发性骨髓瘤患者浆细胞,经纯化后用基因芯片技术得到了全基因组表达谱,并成功地用于多发性骨髓瘤分子水平的诊断、预后和指导治疗。根据基因表达谱的不同,我们确定了多发性骨髓瘤含有7个不同的遗传亚型。经监督聚类,找出可作为骨髓瘤高风险标志的70个基因,这些基因与病人的存活时间显著相关,且它们30%位于1号染色体上。CKS1B基因就是一个位于染色体1q21,与病人短期内死亡高度相关的重要候选瘤基因。通过深入的基因功能研究证明此基因通过SKP2和p27(kip1)依赖和非依赖机制影响多发性骨髓瘤细胞的增殖,本研究为建立针对性抑制CKS1B治疗方案治疗高风险多发性骨髓瘤患者奠定了理论基础。

关键词：多发性骨髓瘤 CKS1B 基因表达谱 1号染色体

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雄激素受体的目标基因在骨骼肌的表达

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第5期16卷 675-683,I0006页

作者： Kesha Rana Nicole KL Lee Jeffrey d Zajac Helen E MacLean department of Medicine Austin Health University of Melbourne Heidelberg Victoria Australia

本文通过研究体外和体内模型中潜在的雄激素受体调节基因来确定骨骼肌中雄激素的合成代谢作用机制。睾酮治疗组的去势雄性小鼠与对照组去势雄性小鼠比较，其骨骼肌中肌源性调节因子肌细胞生成素的表达显著下降，而缺乏dNA结合活性的雄... 详细信息

本文通过研究体外和体内模型中潜在的雄激素受体调节基因来确定骨骼肌中雄激素的合成代谢作用机制。睾酮治疗组的去势雄性小鼠与对照组去势雄性小鼠比较，其骨骼肌中肌源性调节因子肌细胞生成素的表达显著下降，而缺乏dNA结合活性的雄性雄激素受体敲除小鼠（AR^△ZF2）与野生型小鼠比较，其骨骼肌中肌源性调节因子肌细胞生成素的表达显著升高，证明了肌细胞生成素是通过雄激素／雄激素受体通路被抑制。通过12小时的骨骼肌细胞（SkMC）的成肌细胞联合双氢睾酮治疗，睾酮治疗组的去势雄性小鼠肌肉中的泛素连接酶Fbxo32被抑制，而肌肉中c—Myc表达较对照组去势雄性小鼠降低，在△R^△ZF2组小鼠肌肉中c-Myc表达升高。调节成肌细胞由增殖向分化转变的一组基因如Tceal7,p57^kip2，Igf2和钙调磷酸酶Aa的表达在AR^△ZF2组小鼠肌肉中升高，除p57^kip2外的上述所有基因在睾酮治疗组去势雄性小鼠肌肉中的表达均较对照组降低。因此得出结论，雄激素通过雄激素受体在雄性小鼠体内发挥作用，它在肌肉生长和发展过程中可维持成肌细胞处于增殖状态并推迟成肌细胞向分化状态转变，另外还可抑制泛素连接酶介导的导致肌肉萎缩的通路来保持小鼠肌肉质量，从而一定程度上促进肌肉不断生长达到顶峰。

关键词：雄激素受体基因表达骨骼肌合成代谢萎缩

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p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Is Required for Central Nervous System Myelination

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神经损伤与功能重建 2008年第2期3卷 99-108页

作者： GABRIELA FRAGOSO JEFFERY d.HAINES JANICE ROBERSTON LILIANA PEdRAZA WALTER E.MUSHYNSKI GUILLERMINA ALMAZAN department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics McGill University Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative diseases University of Toronto department of Neurology and Neurosurgery McGill University department of Biochemistry McGill University

p38MAPKs是一个激酶家族,负责调节包括细胞迁移、增生和分化在内的多种细胞功能。本文主要介绍p38对少突胶质细胞分化的调节作用。采用Pd169316和SB203580抑制p38后,不同分化阶段少突胶质细胞特异性标志物的蛋白和mRNA的聚集减少,包括... 详细信息

p38MAPKs是一个激酶家族,负责调节包括细胞迁移、增生和分化在内的多种细胞功能。本文主要介绍p38对少突胶质细胞分化的调节作用。采用Pd169316和SB203580抑制p38后,不同分化阶段少突胶质细胞特异性标志物的蛋白和mRNA的聚集减少,包括髓鞘碱性蛋白、髓鞘相关糖蛋白、鞘糖脂、半乳糖酰基鞘氨醇和硫脂。同时,细胞周期调节因子p27kip1和转录因子Sox10的表达也有显著的下降。最为重要的是,p38抑制剂能够通过少突胶质细胞完全和不可逆地阻断背根神经节神经元的髓鞘形成,并阻止轴-胶粘附分子Caspr的轴膜组装。本实验结果提示p38 MAPKs在OLGs成熟和启动髓鞘形成的关键调控步骤中扮演了重要角色。

关键词：分化髓鞘 p38丝裂原激活的蛋白激酶(p38MAPK) 少突胶质细胞背根神经节神经元

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Ion dynamics associated with Alfven wave in the near-Earth magnetotail:Two-dimensional global hybrid simulation

Ion dynamics associated with Alfven wave in the near-Earth m...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2008学术年会

作者： d.W.Swift Geophysical Institute University of AlaskaFairbanksAK 99775-7320USA

Ion dynamics in the near-Earth magnetotail region is examined during periods of fast Earthward flow with a two-dimensional(2-d) global-scale hybrid simulation.The simulation shows that shear Alfven waves are generated at x -10R,where the strong earthward flow is arrested by the dipole field,and propagate along field lines from the equator to both southern and northern polar ionosphere. Non-gyrotropic ion velocity distributions occur where the large-amplitude Alfven waves are dominant.The simulation indicates that the Alfven waves are generated by interaction of the fast earthward flow with the stationary near-Earth plasma.Beam ions are found to be pitch-angle scattered and trapped in the wave field,leading to the non-gyrotropic ion distributions in the high-latitude plasma sheet boundary.In addition,significant particle heating and acceleration are found to occur behind the dipolarization front due to the effect of wave turbulence.

关键词： Ion dynamics Alfven wave 2-d hybrid simulation Magnetotail

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Coordinated observations of magnetospheric reconfiguration during an overshielding event

Coordinated observations of magnetospheric reconfiguration d...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2008学术年会

作者： M.F.Thomsen G.d.Reeves Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNew Mexico USA.

[1]during 1400-1800 UT on September 15,2005,the solar wind exhibited large variations and caused a moderate magnetic storm.The Jicamarca incoherent scatter radar, located near the local noon,observed an overshielding event after the northward turning of interplanetary magnetic field. The overshielding event featured distinct increase and decrease phases.We have examined the magnetospheric configuration variation with the geosynchronous observations provided by GOES12(dayside) and LANL 97A(nightside), as well as the tail magnetic field monitored by double Star TC1.The results suggested that the time-dependent magnetospheric reconfiguration process is closely related to the development of equatorial electric field.We speculate that the magnetospheric reconfiguration may cause equatorial ionosphere electric field disturbances through affecting the Region 2 field aligned current.

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