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Physiological phenotypes differ among color morphs in introduced common wall lizards(Podarcis muralis)

Integrative Zoology 2024年第3期19卷 505-523页

作者： Ali AmER Sierra SPEARS Princeton L.VAUGHN Cece COLWELL Ethan H.LIVINGSTON Wyatt mCQUEEN Anna SCHILL Dustin G.REICHARD Eric J.GANGLOFF kinsey m.brock Department of Biological Sciences Ohio Wesleyan UniversityDelawareOhioUSA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Princeton UniversityPrincetonNew JerseyUSA Department of Biology Idaho State UniversityPocatelloIdahoUSA Department of Environmental Science Policyand ManagementCollege of Natural ResourcesUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyUSA museum of Vertebrate Zoology University of CaliforniaBerkeleyUSA

many species exhibit color polymorphisms which have distinct physiological and behavioral ***,the consistency of morph trait covariation patterns across species,time,and ecological contexts remains *** trait covariation is especially relevant in the context of invasion biology and urban ***,physiological traits pertaining to energy maintenance are crucial to fitness,given their immediate ties to individual reproduction,growth,and population *** investigated the physiological traits of Podarcis muralis,a versatile color polymorphic species that thrives in urban environments(including invasive populations in Ohio,USA).We measured five physiological traits(plasma corticosterone and triglycerides,hematocrit,body condition,and field body temperature),which compose an integrated multivariate *** then tested variation among co-occurring color morphs in the context of establishment in an urban *** found that the traits describing physiological status and strategy shifted across the active season in a morph-dependent manner—the white and yellow morphs exhibited clearly different multivariate physiological phenotypes,characterized primarily by differences in plasma *** suggests that morphs have different strategies in physiological regulation,the flexibility of which is crucial to urban *** white-yellow morph exhibited an intermediate phenotype,suggesting an intermediary energy maintenance *** morphs also exhibited distinct phenotypes,but the low prevalence of this morph in our study populations precludes clear *** work provides insight into how differences among stable polymorphisms exist across axes of the phenotype and how this variation may aid in establishment within novel environments.

关键词： color polymorphism physiological status seasonal variation thermoregulation urban habitat

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Convergences in the diversification of bats

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Current Zoology 2010年第4期56卷 454-468页

作者： m.brock FENTON Department of Biology University of Western Ontario

Twenty-five characters or suites of characters from bats are considered in light of changes in bat classification. Thecharacters include some associated with flower-visiting (two), echolocation (12), roosting (six), reproduction (two) and three areof unknown adaptive function. In both the 1998 and 2006 classifications of bats into suborders (megachiroptera and microchiropteraversus Yinpterochiroptera and Yangochiroptera, respectively), some convergences between suborders are the same (e.g.,foliage roosting, tent building), but others associated with echolocation differ substantially. In the 1998 phylogeny convergencesassociated with echolocation (high duty cycle echolocation, nasal emission of echolocation calls) occurred among the *** the 2006 phylogeny, they occur between Yinpterochiroptera and Yangochiroptera. While some traits apparently aroseindependently in two suborders (e.g., foliage-roosting, tent building, low intensity echolocation calls, noseleafs, nasal emission ofecholocation calls, high duty cycle echolocation behaviour), others appear to have been ancestral (roosting in narrow spaces,laryngeal echolocation, stylohyal-tympanic contact, oral emission of echolocation calls, and small litter size). A narrow profilethrough the chest is typical of bats reflecting the thoracic skeleton. This feature suggests that the ancestors of bats spent the day insmall crevices. Features associated with laryngeal echolocation appear to be ancestral, suggesting that echolocation evolved earlyin bats but was subsequently lost in one yinpterochiropteran lineage .

关键词： Flower-visiting Echolocation Roosting Reproduction Ancestral bat

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Pathophysiology of chronic pancreatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第42期19卷 7231-7240页

作者： Christina brock Lecia mφller Nielsen Dina Lelic Asbjφrn mohr Drewes Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Aalborg University HospitalDK-9000 AalborgDenmark Center for Sensory-motor Interactions (SmI) Department of Health Science and TechnologyAalborg UniversityDK-9220 AalborgDenmark

Chronic pancreatitis(CP)is an inflammatory disease of the pancreas characterized by progressive fibrotic destruction of the pancreatic secretory *** the heterogeneity in pathogenesis and involved risk factors,processes such as necrosis/apoptosis,inflammation or duct obstruction are *** fibrosing process ultimately leads to progressive loss of the lobular morphology and structure of the pancreas,deformation of the large ducts and severe changes in the arrangement and composition of the *** conditions lead to irreversible morphological and structural changes resulting in impairment of both exocrine and endocrine *** prevalence of the disease is largely dependent on culture and *** etiological risk-factors associated with CP are multiple and involve both genetic and environmental *** this review the m-ANNHEIm classification system will be used,comprising a detailed description of risk factors such as:alcohol-consumption,nicotineconsumption,nutritional factors,hereditary factors,efferent duct factors,immunological factors and miscellaneous and rare metabolic *** knowledge of the different etiological factors may encourage the use of further advanced diagnostic tools,which potentially will help clinicians to diagnose CP at an earlier ***,in view of the multi factorial disease and the complex clinical picture,it is not surprising that treatment of patients with CP is challenging and often unsuccessful.

关键词： Chronic pancreatitis Pathogenesis Risk factors Etiology

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Quantities of comorbidities affects physical, but not mental health related quality of life in type 1 diabetes with confirmed polyneuropathy

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World Journal of Diabetes 2019年第2期10卷 87-95页

作者： Anne-marie L Wegeberg Theresa meldgaard Sofie Hyldahl Poul Erik Jakobsen Asbjφrn m Drewes Birgitte brock Christina brock mech-Sense Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyAalborg University Hospital and Clinical InstituteAalborg UniversityAalborg 9000Denmark Steno Diabetes Center North Judland Region NordjyllandAalborg 9000Denmark Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen Region HovedstadenGentofte 2820Denmark

BACKGROUND A large number of adults with long-term type 1 diabetes are affected by symmetrical peripheral *** complications increase socioeconomic expenses and diminish the individual quality of *** 36-Item Short Form Health Survey(SF-36)is a generic patient reported questionnaire,measuring mental and physical health related quality of *** hypothesized that diabetic neuropathy would decrease physical and mental quality of life measured with SF-36,and that clinical appearance may be associated with the *** To investigate if diabetic neuropathy would decrease physical and mental quality of life measured with SF-36,and if clinical appearance may be associated with the *** Forty-eight adults[age 50±9 years,10 females,disease duration 32(14-51)years]with verified diabetic symmetrical peripheral neuropathy and 21 healthy participants(age 51±6 years,6 females)underwent standardised nerve conduction testing and completed the SF-36 ***,disease duration,number of comorbidities,both diabetes related and nondiabetes related,vibration perception threshold,number of hypoglycaemic events,HbA1c and administration way of insulin was *** In comparison to healthy subjects,patients’mental composite score was not significantly diminished(51.9±8.9 vs 53.1±5.5,P=0.558),while the physical composite score was(46.3±11.7 vs 54.6±3.3,P=0.002).As expected,the overall physical health related symptoms in patients were associated to total number of comorbidities(Pmorbidities relation to diabetes(P=0.0002)and HbA1c(P=0.005)as well as comorbidities not related to diabetes(P=0.0006).CONCLUSION The finding of this study emphasises the importance of focusing on quality of life in adults with diabetes and especially in those with multiple comorbidities as well as the possibility of HbA1c as a biomarker for severe complication.

关键词： Quality of life 36-Item Short Form Health Survey(SF-36) Diabetes mellitus,Type 1 Diabetic neuropathies Comorbidity

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Effects of supplementation of green tea extract on the milk performance of peripartal dairy cows and the expression of stress response genes in the liver

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2020年第4期11卷 1163-1174页

作者： Denise K.Gessner Corinna brock Lena m.Hof Erika most Christian Koch Klaus Eder Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology Justus-Liebig-University GiessenHeinrich-Buff-Ring 26-3235392 GiessenGermany Educational and Research Centre for Animal Husbandry Hofgut Neumühle67728 Münchweiler an der AlsenzGermany.

Background: We hypothesised that supplementation of green tea extract(GTE) in dairy cows during the transition period can attenuate proinflammatory conditions and prevent endoplasmic reticulum(ER) stress in the liver of these cows. Thirty Holstein cows with an average parity of 3.06(± 1.31, SD) were divided into a control group and a group that received a daily amount of 10 g of GTE from d 7 before the calving day and a daily amount of 20 g of GTE from the day of calving until d 7 of ***: Cows supplemented with GTE did not show differences in energy intake or milk yield in weeks 2–7 of lactation. However, these cows had a lower milk fat concentration and a lower energy corrected milk yield than the control cows and showed a trend of improved energy balance. The relative m RNA concentrations of proinflammatory genes, genes involved in the acute phase reaction and antioxidant genes in the liver in weeks 1, 4 and 7 of lactation were not different between the two groups of cows. The concentrations of α-tocopherol and the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity in plasma were not different between the two groups. However, the group supplemented with GTE showed significant reductions of some genes of the unfolded protein response(UPR) in week 1 and a trend of lower liver triacylglycerol(TAG) concentrations in the liver compared to the control ***: This study shows that supplementation of GTE in dairy cows lowers the fat concentration in the milk but overall has no effect on the expression of inflammatory genes and the antioxidative status in dairy cows during early lactation. The finding of reduced m RNA levels of genes involved in the UPR at week 1, however, supports other results showing that supplementation of polyphenols could prevent the development of ER stress in the liver of cows during early lactation. The finding of a tendency towards a reduced TAG concentration in the liver of cows supplemented with GTE might be due to an improved ene

关键词： Animal nutrition Cow Green tea extract Liver metabolism milk performance

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利用声强测量技术研究噪声控制

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噪声与振动控制 1985年第3期 20-22页

作者： K·B·Glnn m.brock 施乃平

现场概况在十名全天工作的工人抱怨噪声太大之后,决定在车间内进行一次初步噪声控制调研工作。工作日中大部分时间的噪声级为75～90分贝。车间的面积为330平方米,安装有一台大型和16台小型自动车床(见图1)。车床加工用料为具有各种不... 详细信息

现场概况在十名全天工作的工人抱怨噪声太大之后,决定在车间内进行一次初步噪声控制调研工作。工作日中大部分时间的噪声级为75～90分贝。车间的面积为330平方米,安装有一台大型和16台小型自动车床(见图1)。车床加工用料为具有各种不同截面的金属棒,长达5米。容纳这些金属棒的长供料管

关键词：自动车床噪声源车间声强噪声控制供料管声屏

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Do networks of social interactions reflect patterns of kinship？

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Current Zoology 2012年第2期58卷 319-328页

作者： Joah R. mADDEN Johanna F. NIELSEN Tim H. CLUTTON-brock Centre for Research in Animal Behaviour College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Exeter EX4 4QG UK. Institute of Evolutionary Biology School of Biological Sciences University of Edinburgh West Mains Road Edinburgh EH9 3JT UK. Institute of Zoology Zoological Society of London Regent＇s Park London NW1 4RY UK Large Animal Research Group Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 3E J UK.

The underlying kin structure of groups of animals may be glimpsed from patterns of spatial position or temporal as- sociation between individuals, and is presumed to facilitate inclusive fitness benefits. Such structure may be evident at a finer, behavioural, scale with individuals preferentially interacting with kin. We tested whether kin structure within groups of meerkats Suricata suricatta matched three forms of social interaction networks： grooming, dominance or foraging competitions. Networks of dominance interactions were positively related to networks of kinship, with close relatives engaging in dominance interactions with each other. This relationship persisted even after excluding the breeding dominant pair and when we restricted the kinship network to only include links between first order kin, which are most likely to be able to discern kin through simple rules of thumb. Conversely, we found no relationship between kinship networks and either grooming networks or networks of foraging competitions. This is surprising because a positive association between kin in a grooming network, or a negative association be- tween kin in a network of foraging competitions offers opportunities for inclusive fitness benefits. Indeed, the positive association between kin in a network of dominance interactions that we did detect does not offer clear inclusive fitness benefits to group members. We conclude that kin structure in behavioural interactions in meerkats may be driven by factors other than indirect fit- ness benefits, and that networks of cooperative behaviours such as grooming may be driven by direct benefits accruing to indi- viduals perhaps through mutualism or manipulation

关键词： Social network Kinship Social structure Grooming Dominance meerkats

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Supramolecular Bonding Competition Enabled Nanostructure Evolution and mechanical Reinforcement

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CCS Chemistry 2024年第1期6卷 157-164页

作者： Yuting Wang Peng meng Aidan brock Yanan Xu Hang meng Zixuan Liu Kan Zhang John mcmurtrie Jingsan Xu School of Chemistry and Physics and Centre for materials Science Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQueensland 4000 Central Analytical Research Facility Institute for Future EnvironmentsQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQueensland 4000 State Key Laboratory of Superhard materials Department of Materials Science and Key Laboratory of Automobile MaterialsMOEJilin UniversityChangchun 130012

In this work,competition between different supramolecular interactions is investigated based on a fibrous crystal composed of hydrogen-bonded cyanuric acid(CA)and amidinothiourea(ADT).melamine(m)is found to prevail over ADT and bond to CA due to its stronger triple H-bonding affiliation,forming hollow microtubes assembled by oriented CAm crystalline arrays,as guided by the directionality of peripheral hydrogen ***,competitive interaction between hydrogen bonding and ionic/covalent bonding is demonstrated by mixing Ag+ions with the CA-ADT fibers,where sulfur atoms are abstracted from ADT molecules to produce Ag_(2)S *** in situ-formed Ag_(2)S serves as a binding glue to generate CA-ADT/Ag_(2)S composites with significantly enhanced mechanical strength compared to the pristine CA-ADT fiber pellet.

关键词： supramolecular interaction hydrogen bonds chemical bond competition hollow crystal array organic-inorganic composite

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Cellular Radiobiological Characteristics of Hmnan Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cell

Cellular Radiobiological Characteristics of Hmnan Nasopharyn...

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2000全国肿瘤学术大会

作者： William A.brock The University of Texas m.D.Anderson Cancer Center HoustonTexas77030USA Ph.D

＜正＞Purpose:To determine the radiobiological characteristics of a panel of 14 human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell *** and materials:Fourteen human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines from chinese patients were characterized using the lonogenic survival *** cell lines,except for CNE1,were poorly differentiated squamous cells,A rsdiation dose-survival curve was obtained for each *** data were analyxed using linear quadratic model and then values of the initial slope of the survival curves (（）,the mean inactivation dose （?）,and the surviving fraction at 2 Gy （SF2） wer calculated using the methods and rules described by fertil and malaisl[6].Results:The following ranges of values were obtained:（,）0.001-0.18;?,1.11-2.46;SF2,0.17～0.66,*** radioxensitivities of 14 human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines tested varied ***,radiosensitivties differed among eight sub-lines derived from one parent cell line （SUNE1）.

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New technologies to investigate the brain-gut axis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第2期15卷 182-191页

作者： Abhishek Sharma Dina Lelic Christina brock Peter Paine Qasim Aziz Department of Gastrointestinal Science University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL United Kingdom Neurogastro-enterology Group Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry London E1 2AJ United Kingdom mech-Sense Department of Gastroenterology Aalborg Hospital Boulevarden 13 DK-9000 Aalborg Denmark

Functional gastrointestinal disorders are commonly encountered in clinical practice, and pain is their commonest presenting symptom. In addition, patients with these disorders often demonstrate a heightened sensitivity to experimental visceral stimulation, termed visceral pain hypersensitivity that is likely to be important in their pathophysiology. Knowledge of how the brain processes sensory information from visceral structures is still in its infancy. However, our understanding has been propelled by technological imaging advances such as functional magnetic Resonance Imaging, Positron Emission Tomography, magnetoencephalography, and Electroencephalography （EEG）. Numerous human studies have non-invasively demonstrated the complexity involved in functional pain processing, and highlighted a number of subcortical and cortical regions involved. This review will focus on the neurophysiological pathways （primary afferents, spinal and supraspinal transmission）, brainimaging techniques and the influence of endogenous and psychological processes in healthy controls and patients suffering from functional gastrointestinal disorders. Special attention will be paid to the newer EEG source analysis techniques. Understanding the phenotypic differences that determine an individual＇s response to injurious stimuli could be the key to understanding why some patients develop pain and hyperalgesia in response to inflammation/injury while others do not. For future studies, an integrated approach is required incorporating an individual＇s psychological, autonomic, neuroendocrine, neurophysiological, and genetic profile to define phenotypic traits that may be at greater risk of developing sensitised states in response to gut inflammation or injury.

关键词： Brain-gut axis Central processing Neuraxis Neurophysiology

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