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Household catastrophic payments for tuberculosis care in Nigeria: incidence, determinants, and policy implications for universal health coverage

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2013年第1期2卷 166-174页

作者： kingsley Nnanna Ukwaja Isaac Alobu Seye Abimbola Philip Christy Hopewell Department of Internal Medicine Federal Teaching HospitalAbakalikiEbonyi StateNigeria National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control Programme Ministry of HealthAbakalikiEbonyi StateNigeria National Primary Health Care Development Agency AbujaNigeria Francis J Curry International Tuberculosis Center Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineSan Francisco General HospitalUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCAUSA

Background:Studies on costs incurred by patients for tuberculosis(TB)care are limited as these costs are reported as averages,and the economic impact of the costs is estimated based on average patient/household *** expenditures do not represent the poor because they spend less on treatment compared to other economic ***,the extent to which TB expenditures risk sending households into,or further into,poverty and its determinants,is *** assessed the incidence and determinants of household catastrophic payments for TB care in rural ***:Data used were obtained from a survey of 452 pulmonary TB patients sampled from three rural health facilities in Ebonyi State,*** household direct costs and income data,we analyzed the incidence of household catastrophic payments using,as thresholds,the traditional>10%of household income and the≥40%of non-food income,as recommended by the World Health *** used logistic regression analysis to identify the determinants of catastrophic ***:Average direct household costs for TB were US$157 or 14%of average annual *** incidence catastrophic payment was 44%;with 69%and 15%of the poorest and richest household income-quartiles experiencing catastrophic activity,*** determinants of catastrophic payments were:age>40 years(adjusted odds ratio[aOR]3.9;95%confidence interval[CI],2.0,7.8),male gender(aOR 3.0;CI 1.8,5.2),urban residence(aOR 3.8;CI 1.9,7.7),formal education(aOR 4.7;CI 2.5,8.9),care at a private facility(aOR 2.9;1.5,5.9),poor household(aOR 6.7;CI 3.7,12),household where the patient is the primary earner(aOR 3.8;CI 2.2,6.6]),and HIV co-infection(aOR 3.1;CI 1.7,5.6).Conclusions:Current cost-lowering strategies are not enough to prevent households from incurring catastrophic out-of-pocket payments for TB *** and social protection interventions are needed for identified at-risk groups,and community-level interventions may reduce

关键词： Cost analysis Health policy Tuberculosis Regression analysis Nigeria

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Melioidosis in India and Bangladesh: A review of case reports

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2018年第5期11卷 320-329页

作者： Meghan Tipre Paul Vijay kingsley Tamika Smith Mark Leader Nalini Sathiakumar Department of Epidemiology School of Public HealthUniversity of Alabama Pantai Hospital Ipoh

Objective: To conduct an epidemiological and clinical review of published case reports of melioidosis from India and Bangladesh. Methods: Data from published case reports were abstracted and summarized. We further compared the clinical epidemiology of the melioidosis cases in India with case series from highly endemic areas in Northern Australia and Southeast Asia to elucidate any differences in presentations and risk factors between the ***: We identified a total of 99 cases published between 1953 and June 2016, originating from India(n=85) or Bangladesh(n=14). Cases were predominantly male and ranged in age from 1 month to 90 years. Diabetes mellitus was the most common risk factor reported(58%). About 28% of the cases had history of exposure via high-risk occupations or exposure to contaminated water. The overall case fatality rate(CFR) was 26%. Factors influencing mortality included the occurrence of septic shock(CFR, 80%), environmental exposure(CFR,39%), primary presentation of pneumonia(CFR, 38%), misdiagnosed and/or mistreated cases(CFR, 33%) or the presence of a risk factor(CFR, 29%). Because of the small number of cases in Bangladesh, pattern of clinical epidemiology is limited to India. Soft tissue abscess(37%)was the most common clinical presentation reported from India followed by pneumonia(24%)and osteomyelitis/septic arthritis(18%). Neurological melioidosis(n=10, 12%) presented as pyemic lesions of the brain or meninges. A few cases of prostatic abscess(n=4) in men and parotid abscess(n=4) were also noted. The above patterns were consistent with case series from Southeast Asia and Northern Australia for the most part, in terms of risk factors associated with infection and factors influencing mortality. Differences included clinical presentation of pneumonia which was notably lower than that reported in Southeast Asia and Northern Australia; a higher proportion of neurological and parotid abscess presentation; and a lower CFR compared to th

关键词： Melioidosis India Bangladesh Burkholderia pseudomallei Environmental

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Soil quality estimation using environmental covariates and predictive models:an example from tropical soils of Nigeria

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Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 946-967页

作者： Isong Abraham Isong kingsley John Paul Bassey Okon Peter Ikor Ogban Sunday Marcus Afu Department of Soil Science Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of CalabarCalabar PMB 1115Nigeria Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection Faculty of AgrobiologyFoodand Natural ResourcesCzech University of Life SciencesKamýcká12916500 PragueCzech Republic

Background:Information addressing soil quality in developing countries often depends on results from small experimental plots,which are later extrapolated to vast areas of agricultural *** approach often results in misin-formation to end-users of land for sustainable soil nutrient *** objective of this study was to estimate the spatial variability of soil quality index(SQI)at regional scale with predictive models using soil–environmental ***:A total of 110 composite soil samples(0–30 cm depth)were collected by stratified random sampling schemes at 2–5 km intervals across the Cross River State,Nigeria,and selected soil physical and chemical properties were *** employed environmental covariates derived from a digital elevation model(DEM)and Senti-nel-2 imageries for our modelling *** measured soil quality using two approaches[total data set(TDS)and minimum data set(MDS)].Two scoring functions were also applied,linear(L)and non-linear(NL),yielding four indices(MDS_L,MDS_NL,TDS_L,and TDS_NL).Eleven soil quality indicators were used as TDS and were further screened for MDS using principal component analysis(PCA).Random forest(RF),support vector regression(SVR),regression kriging(RK),Cubist regression,and geographically weighted regression(GWR)were applied to predict SQI in unsampled ***:The computed SQI via MDS_L was classified into five classes:≤0.38,0.38–0.48,0.48–0.58,0.58–0.68,and≥0.68,representing very low(classⅤ),low(classⅣ),moderate(classⅢ),high(classⅡ)and very high(classⅠ)soil quality,*** model was robust in predicting soil quality(R^(2)=0.21,CCC=0.39,RMSE=0.15),while RF was a model with inferior performance(R^(2)=0.02,CCC=0.32,RMSE=0.15).Soil quality was high in the southern region and low in the northern *** soil quality class(>49%)and moderate soil quality class(>14%)dominate the study area in all predicted models ***:Structural stability index,sand content,soil oga

关键词： Decision support system Geospatial technology Predictive model Remote sensing Soil quality

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Pitfalls and optimal approaches to diagnose melioidosis

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2016年第6期9卷 501-510页

作者： Paul Vijay kingsley Govindakarnavar Arunkumar Meghan Tipre Mark Leader Nalini Sathiakumar Sultan Ismail Hospital Manipal Center for Virus Research Manipal University School of Public Health University of Alabama at Birmingham

Melioidosis is a severe and fatal infectious disease in the tropics and subtropics. It presents as a febrile illness with protean manifestation ranging from chronic localized infection to acute fulminant septicemia with dissemination of infection to multiple organs characterized by abscesses. Pneumonia is the most common clinical presentation. Because of the wide range of clinical presentations, physicians may often misdiagnose and mistreat the disease for tuberculosis, pneumonia or other pyogenic infections. The purpose of this paper is to present common pitfalls in diagnosis and provide optimal approaches to enable early diagnosis and prompt treatment of melidoidosis. Melioidosis may occur beyond the boundaries of endemic areas. There is no pathognomonic feature specific to a diagnosis of melioidosis. In endemic areas, physicians need to expand the diagnostic work-up to include melioidosis when confronted with clinical scenarios of pyrexia of unknown origin, progressive pneumonia or sepsis. Radiological imaging is an integral part of the diagnostic workup. Knowledge of the modes of transmission and risk factors will add support in clinically suspected cases to initiate therapy. In situations of clinically highly probable or possible cases where laboratory bacteriological confirmation is not possible, applying evidence-based criteria and empirical treatment with antimicrobials is recommended. It is of prime importance that patients undergo the full course of antimicrobial therapy to avoid relapse and recurrence. Early diagnosis and appropriate management is crucial in reducing serious complications leading to high mortality, and in preventing recurrences of the disease. Thus, there is a crucial need for promoting awareness among physicians at all levels and for improved diagnostic microbiology services. Further, the need for making the disease notifiable and/or initiating melioidosis registries in endemic countries appears to be compelling.

关键词： Melioidosis pseudomallei Review Diagnosis Treatment Pitfalls Approaches route of infection

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Anti-solvent assisted treatment for improved morphology and efficiency of lead acetate derived perovskite solar cells

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2019年第6期30卷 1325-1328页

作者： Mengqin Kong Hang Hu kingsley Egbo Binghai Dong Li Wan Shimin Wang Department of Physics City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong 999077 China Institute of Microstructure Technology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344 Germany Light Technology Institute Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe 76131 Germany Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering Hubei University Wuhan 430062 China

An efficient solution-processable route employing Pb(Ac)2 as lead source and anti-solvent treatment to achieve fully covered and homogenous perovskite films is reported. The effect of different solution methods and device architectures on the morphologies of perovskite films were systematically investigated. Our results show that the planar perovskite layer fabricated by one-step solution method achieved fully covered and pinhole-free films. Further anti-solvent treatment using chlorobenzene (CB) promoted a perovskite film with highly smooth surfaces and enlarged grain sizes. Device fabricated from CB treated perovskite film achieved a best PCE of 15.80%, in comparison with 14.02%for the untreated device. These results evidently suggest a feasible route towards controlling the crystallization and morphology of planar heterojunction (PHJ) PSCs for improved efficiency.

关键词： Lead acetate derived perovskite Anti-solvent process Chlorobenzene Improved morphology Enlarged grain sizes

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Streamline pair selection for comparative flow field visualization

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Visual Computing for Industry,Biomedicine,and Art 2020年第1期3卷 215-226页

作者： Shoko Sawada Takayuki Itoh Takashi Misaka Shigeru Obayashi Tobias Czauderna kingsley Stephens Ochanomizu University 2-1-1 OtsukaBunkyo-kuTokyo 1128610Japan Tohoku University 2-1-1 KatahiraAoba-kuSendaiMiyagi 9808577Japan Monash University Wellington RoadClaytonVictoriaAustralia

Fluid dynamics simulation is often repeated under varying *** leads to a generation of large amounts of results,which are difficult to *** compare results under different conditions,it is effective to overlap the streamlines generated from each condition in a single three-dimensional *** is a curved line,which represents a wind *** paper presents a technique to automatically select and visualize important streamlines that are suitable for the comparison of the simulation ***,we present an implementation to observe the flow fields in virtual reality spaces.

关键词： Computational fluid dynamics Streamline selection Comparative flow field visualization Virtual reality

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Index model equation analysis:A case study of the risk and source of inorganic contaminants in roadside uncontaminated soil of the Egi oil producing area,Niger Delta

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2023年第6期38卷 891-900页

作者： Elechi Owhoeke Asmat Ali Okorondu Justin Nnaemeka kingsley John Orie Julius Nkeonyeasua Ehiwario Abdur Rashid Department of Industrial Chemistry/Petrochemical Technology School of Science Laboratory TechnologyUniversity of Port Harcourt School of Environmental Studies China University of Geosciences State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of Geosciences Department of Environmental Management Federal University of Technology Owerri Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry University of Port Harcourt Department of Microbiology Faculty of Life ScienceAmbrose Alli University

This study examined the sources,health risk and pollution status of selected inorganic contaminants such as iron(Fe),nickel(Ni),cadmium(Cd),cobalt(Co),arsenic(As),manganese(Mn),lead(Pb),copper(Cu),zinc(Zn),and chromium(Cr) in representative roadside uncontaminated soil(n=72) from the Egi crude oil mining areas(Oboburu,Obagi,and Ogbogu),Niger Delta,Nigeria,using a combination of multiple models(Principle component analysis(PCA),correlation analysis,geo-accumulation index(Igeo),contamination factor(CF),enrichment factor(EF),pollution load index(PLI),cancer risk(CR),hazard quotient(HQ),and metal daily intake(MDIm)).A random sampling method was applied in the sampling and analysis using inductively coupled plasma mass *** result revealed that the mean(mg/kg) for Oboburu,was the highest for Fe(89.95 ± 28.83) and Mn(26.12 ± 7.642),whereas Obagi,had less Fe(28.90 ± 7.601) and Mn(16.80 ± 5.021),and Ogbogu,Fe(44.67 ± 28.15) and Pb(19.38± 8.731) was the second highest heavy *** order of contamination was F> Mn> Zn> Pb> Cu> Cr> Ni> Cd> *** Igeo and CF had cadmium as a metal of *** contamination level was low from the PLI *** EF revealed anthropogenic sources for all the metals except for Ni,which was *** correlations at p <0.05 and p <0.01 showed much positive significance amongst the *** of the cumulative percentages,loading percentages,and eigenvalues from the regression plot gave a coefficients of determination(r2) of 0.9936,0.9995,and 0.9994,*** PCA indicated that Cd and Ni were of anthropogenic origin;Mn,Fe,and Co were biogenic or natural,and Zn and Pb were of mixed *** CR assessment indicated a possible cancer risk due to Cr,Cd,and Ni,and the rest of elements have no carcinogenic *** findings suggest there should be regular monitoring,source control,and integrated environmental management of the study area.

关键词： Soil Source identification Health risk Carcinogenicity Variability

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Developing Blue Spots Model for Tennessee Using GIS, and Advanced Data Analytics: Literature Review

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2023年第6期11卷 145-154页

作者： Fasesin kingsley Department of Computing and the Department of Geosciences East Tennessee State University Johnson City Tennessee USA

Climate change and global warming results in natural hazards, including flash floods. Flash floods can create blue spots;areas where transport networks (roads, tunnels, bridges, passageways) and other engineering structures within them are at flood risk. The economic and social impact of flooding revealed that the damage caused by flash floods leading to blue spots is very high in terms of dollar amount and direct impacts on people’s lives. The impact of flooding within blue spots is either infrastructural or social, affecting lives and properties. Currently, more than 16.1 million properties in the U.S are vulnerable to flooding, and this is projected to increase by 3.2% within the next 30 years. Some models have been developed for flood risks analysis and management including some hydrological models, algorithms and machine learning and geospatial models. The models and methods reviewed are based on location data collection, statistical analysis and computation, and visualization (mapping). This research aims to create blue spots model for the State of Tennessee using ArcGIS visual programming language (model) and data analytics pipeline.

关键词： Blue Spots Floods Risks and Management GIS Hydrological Models Geospatial Model Builder LiDAR Data Remote Sensing Data Analytics Pipe-line

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Exploring predictive frameworks for malaria in Burundi

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2022年第2期7卷 33-44页

作者： Lionel Divin Mfisimana Emile Nibayisabe kingsley Badu David Niyukuri Faculte des Sciences Fondamentales Institut Superieur des Cadres MilitairesBurundi Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyGhana Division of Epidemiology&Biostatistics Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesStellenbosch UniversityCape TownSouth Africa The South African Department of Science and TechnologyeNational Research Foundation(DST-NRF)Centre of Excellence in Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis(SACEMA) Stellenbosch UniversityCape TownSouth Africa

In Burundi,malaria infection has been increasing in the last decade despite efforts to increase access to health services,and several intervention *** use of heterogeneous data can help to build predictive models of malaria *** built predictive frameworks:the generalized linear model(GLM),and artificial neural network(ANN),to predict malaria cases in four sub-groups and the overall general *** results showed that more than half of malaria infections are observed in pregnant women and children under 5 years,with high burden to children between 12 and 59 *** results showed that,ANN model performed better in predicting total cases compared to *** model frameworks showed that education rates and Insecticide Treated Bed Nets(ITNs)had decreasing effects on malaria cases,some other variables had an increasing ***,malaria control and prevention interventions program are encouraged to understand those variables,and take appropriate measures such as providing ITNs,sensitization in schools and the communities,starting within high dense communities,among *** prediction of cases can provide timely information needed to be proactive for intervention strategies,and it can help to mitigate the epidemics and reduce its impact on populations and the economy.

关键词： Burundi Malaria Modelling Generalized linear model Neural network

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Deterministic epidemic model for (SVC_(Sy)C_(Asy)IR) pneumonia dynamics, with vaccination and temporal immunity

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2020年第1期5卷 42-60页

作者： Dominic Otoo Patrick Opoku Sebil Charles Asekiya Prince kingsley Department of Mathematics&Statistics School of ScienceUniversity of Energy&Natural ResourcesSunyaniGhana Department of Mathematics Faculty of Physical and Computational ScienceCollege of ScienceKwame Nkrumah University of Science&TechnologyKumasiGhana

Streptococcus pneumonia is one of the leading causes of mobility and mortality in children under 6 years and the elderly especially in developing countries in which Ghana,the study area is not an *** this paper,a model of the spread and control of bacterial pneumonia that include symptomatic carriers,asymptomatic carriers and vaccination is formulated and analyzed to determine the effect of the vaccination *** of the system show that the disease free equilibrium is stable if and only if the basic reproductive number R0<*** R01,the endemic equilibrium is globally stable and the disease *** simulation on the system show that with effective vaccine intervention pneumonia infection can be eradicated in the long term.

关键词： Asymptomatic carriers Morbidity Mortality Pneumonia Symptomatic carriers Vaccination

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