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Fiber and prebiotic supplementation in enteral nutrition:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第17期21卷 5372-5381页

作者： Mazuin Kamarul Zaman kin-fah chin Vineya Rai Hazreen Abdul Majid Department of Social and Preventive Medicine Faculty of MedicineUniversity of MalayaKuala Lumpur 50603Malaysia Department of Surgery Faculty of MedicineUniversiti MalayaKuala Lumpur 50603Malaysia Department of Anaesthesiology Faculty of MedicineUniversiti MalayaKuala Lumpur 50603Malaysia

AIM:To investigate fiber and prebiotic supplementation of enteral nutrition(EN) for diarrhea,fecal microbiota and short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs).METHODS:MEDLINE,EMBASE,Cochrane Library,CINAHL,Academic Search Premier,and Web of Science databases were searched for human experimental and observational cohort studies conducted between January 1990 and June *** keywords used for the literature search were fiber,prebiotics and enteral *** language studies with adult patient populations on exclusive EN were *** and/or full texts of selected studies were reviewed and agreed upon by two independent researchers for inclusion in the *** used for the quality assessment were Jadad Scale and the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network Critical Appraisal of the Medical ***:A total of 456 possible articles were retrieved,and 430 were excluded due to lack of appropriate *** the 26 remaining studies,only eight investigated the effects of *** of the meta-analysis indicated that overall,fiber reduces diarrhea in patients receiving EN(OR = 0.47;95%CI:0.29-0.77;P = 0.02).Subgroup analysis revealed a positive effect of fiber supplementation in EN towards diarrhea in stable patients(OR = 0.31;95%CI:0.19-0.51;P < 0.01),but not in critically ill patients(OR = 0.89;95%CI:0.41-1.92;P = 0.77).Prebiotic supplementation in EN does not improve the incidence of diarrhea despite its manipulative effect on bifidobacteria concentrations and SCFA in healthy *** addition,the effect of fiber and/or prebiotic supplementation towards fecal microbiota and SCFA remain ***:Fiber helps minimize diarrhea in patients receiving EN,particularly in non-critically ill ***,the effect of prebiotics in moderating diarrhea is inconclusive.

关键词： Bifidobacteria Diarrhea Enteral nutrition Fiber Prebiotics Short-chain fatty acids

Fiber and prebiotic supplementation in enteral nutrition： asystematic review and meta-analysis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第15期21卷 1-10页

作者： Mazuin Kamarul Zaman kin-fah chin Vineya Rai Department of Social and Preventive Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine Universiti Malaya Department of Anaesthesiology Faculty of Medicine Universiti Malaya

AIM To investigate fiber and prebiotic supplementationof enteral nutrition （EN） for diarrhea, fecal microbiotaand short-chain fatty acids （SCFAs）.METHODS： MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library,CINAHL, Academic Search Premier, and Web of Sciencedatabases were searched for human experimentaland observational cohort studies conducted betweenJanuary 1990 and June 2014. The keywords used forthe literature search were fiber, prebiotics and enteralnutrition. English language studies with adult patientpopulations on exclusive EN were selected. Abstractsand/or full texts of selected studies were reviewedand agreed upon by two independent researchersfor inclusion in the meta-analysis. Tools used for thequality assessment were Jadad Scale and the ScottishIntercollegiate Guidelines Network Critical Appraisal ofthe Medical ***： A total of 456 possible articles wereretrieved, and 430 were excluded due to lack ofappropriate data. Of the 26 remaining studies, onlyeight investigated the effects of prebiotics. Resultsof the meta-analysis indicated that overall, fiberreduces diarrhea in patients receiving EN （OR = 0.47;95%CI： 0.29-0.77; P = 0.02）. Subgroup analysisrevealed a positive effect of fiber supplementation inEN towards diarrhea in stable patients （OR = 0.31;95%CI： 0.19-0.51; P 〈 0.01）, but not in critically illpatients （OR = 0.89; 95%CI： 0.41-1.92; P = 0.77）.Prebiotic supplementation in EN does not improve theincidence of diarrhea despite its manipulative effecton bifidobacteria concentrations and SCFA in healthyhumans. In addition, the effect of fiber and/or prebioticsupplementation towards fecal microbiota and SCFAremain ***： Fiber helps minimize diarrhea inpatients receiving EN, particularly in non-critically illpatients. However, the effect of prebiotics in moderatingdiarrhea is inconclusive.

关键词： Bifidobacteria Diarrhea Enteral nutrition Fiber Prebiotics Short-chain fatty acids

Hypoxia increases adipogenesis and affects adipocytokine production in orbital fibroblasts-a possible explanation of the link between smoking and Graves' ophthalmopathy

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2014年第3期7卷 403-407页

作者： Chiaw Ling Chng Oi fah Lai Charmaine Sze-Min Chew Yu Pei Peh Stephanie Man-Chung Fook-Chong Lay Leng Seah Daphne Hsu-chin Khoo Department of Endocrinology Singapore General HospitalLevel 3 the Academia 20 College Road 169856 Singapore Department of Clinical Research Academia Discovery Tower Level 9 Research Office 2 20 College Road 169856Singapore Oculoplastic/Aesthetic Eyeplastic Service Singapore National Eye Centre 11 Third Hospital Avenue 168751Singapore

AIM:To assess the effects of hypoxia on human orbital fibroblasts(OF)on adipogenesis and adipocytokine ***:Human OF were derived from tissues obtained from patients with Graves’ophthalmopathy(GO)and from patients without known thyroid diseases undergoing *** OF were cultured separately under normoxic and hypoxic *** of adipocytokine concentrations using multiplex ELISA and lipid accumulation in the cells using Oil Red O staining were subsequently ***:There was increased adipogenesis in OF from GO subject when exposed to hypoxic culture *** was not observed in OF from normal *** led to an increase in leptin and a decrease in MCP-1 secretion in OF ***:Hypoxia induces adipogenesis in OF and may represent a mechanism by which smoking contributes to deterioration of *** also found novel changes to leptin and MCP-1 production in OF cultures exposed to hypoxia suggesting important roles of these cytokines in the disease process.

关键词： hypoxia smoking Graves' ophthalmopathy

Transforming the Snapdragon Aurone Biosynthetic Genes into Petunia Alters Coloration Patterns in Transgenic Flowers

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2015年第12期6卷 702-722页

作者： Chen-Kuen Wang Yi-chin chin Chih-Yu Lin Po-Yen Chen kin-Ying To Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center Academia Sinica Taiwan

Aurones belong to a small class of flavonoids that provide yellow color in some floricultural plants including snapdragon. To explore novel flower coloration, two full-length cDNAs encoding chalcone 4'-O-glucosyltransferase (designated as SRY4'CGT) and aureusidin synthase (designated as SRYAS1) in the aurone biosynthetic pathway were cloned from yellow flowers of snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus cv. Ribbon Yellow). Binary vectors were constructed and transformed separately into Petunia hybrida harboring blue flowers. Only a few flowers in 4 out of 9 transgenic SRY4'CGT plants showed variegated blue-white sectors;as time passed, amounts of variegated flowers and proportion of white sectors in the background blue color of the new-born flowers gradually increased, until finally, the petal color was completely white in all late-born flowers. In contrast, a few flowers in 3 out of 13 transgenic SRYAS1 plants showed variegated blue-white sectors;but, the amounts of variegated flowers did not increase over the whole flowering stage, and no complete white flowers were observed. RNA samples isolated from blue and white sectors of T1 transgenic SRY4'CGT plants were analyzed by reverse transcription-PCR, transgenic SRY4'CGT transcripts were detected in both sectors;however, transcripts of an upstream gene, chalcone synthase (CHS), were abundantly detected in the blue sectors but largely reduced in the white sectors, suggesting that the expression of CHS gene was suppressed in white sectors of transgenic plants. Furthermore, HPLC coupled with mass spectrometry demonstrated cyandin, malvidin and their derivatives were absent in white sectors, causing the white phenotype. Our findings may be attractive to molecular breeders.

关键词： Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation Aurone Compound Identification Flower Color Genetic Engineering HPLC Profiling Suppression Transgene-Induced Gene Silencing

Interleukin-33 exerts pleiotropic immunoregulatory effects in response to Plasmodium berghei ANKA(PbA)infection in mice

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2023年第12期13卷 521-531,I0004,I0005页

作者： Mohammad Faruq Abd Rachman Isnadi Rusliza Basir Ramatu Bello Omenesa Roslaini Abd Majid Maizaton Atmadini Abdullah Che Norma Mat Taib Sivan Padma Priya Yong Yean Kong chin Voon kin Gambo Lawal Mukhtar Department of Human Anatomy Faculty of Medicine&Health SciencesUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSerdangSelangorMalaysia Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesAhmadu Bello UniversityZariaKadunaNigeria Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health National Defence University of MalaysiaKem Sungai BesiKuala LumpurMalaysia Department of Pathology Faculty of Medicine&Health SciencesUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSerdangSelangorMalaysia RAK College of Dental Sciences Ras Al Khaimah Medical and Health Sciences UniversityRas Al KhaimahUnited Arab Emirates Laboratory Centre Xiamen University MalaysiaSepangSelangorMalaysia Segi University Faculty of MedicineNursing and Health Sciences9Jalan TecknologiPJu 5 Kota DamansaraPetalingSelangorMalaysia Department of Pathobiology and Medical Diagnostics Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversiti Malaysia SabahKota KinabaluMalaysia Department of Microbiology Faculty of Natural&Applied SciencesUmaru Musa Yar’adua UniversityKatsinaNigeria

Objective:To determine the involvement and the modulatory effects of IL-33 during Plasmodium berghei ANKA(PbA)***:PbA infection in male ICR mice was utilized as a model of *** circulating IL-33 levels were determined in blood plasma by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).After 24 hours post-inoculation of PbA,recombinant IL-33 and ST2,and antibodies against IL-33 and IgG treatments were administered daily for 3 *** expression and localization of IL-33 were assessed in organs generally affected by malaria via ***,histopathological examination was performed to assess the effects of the ***:The levels of systemic IL-33 were elevated at the critical phase of PbA ***,immunohistochemical analysis revealed a significant upregulation of IL-33 expression at the critical phase in the brain,lungs,and spleen of PbA-infected mice as compared to healthy *** with IL-33 protected against experimental cerebral malaria development and reduced pathological features in the brain and lungs of the PbA-infected ***:A potential critical role and involvement of IL-33 in PbA infection may hint at the resolution of immunopathological sequelae associated with malaria.

关键词： Plasmodium berghei ANKA Malaria IL-33 Immunology Immunotherapy

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Bcl-2转基因小鼠的视神经再生

中华眼科杂志 2005年第9期41卷 832-836页

作者：杨柳 kin-sang Cho 北京大学第一医院眼科 100034 美国哈佛医学院Schepens眼科研究所

目的探讨新生小鼠Bcl2高表达是否足以使视神经损伤后再生,并探讨再生的神经轴突能否到达脑内正常的靶组织。方法对出生后3d的C57BL/6J野生小鼠和Bcl2转基因小鼠进行视神经夹闭损伤,1～4d后处死小鼠,做视神经和脑组织切片,利用神经轴突... 详细信息

目的探讨新生小鼠Bcl2高表达是否足以使视神经损伤后再生,并探讨再生的神经轴突能否到达脑内正常的靶组织。方法对出生后3d的C57BL/6J野生小鼠和Bcl2转基因小鼠进行视神经夹闭损伤,1～4d后处死小鼠,做视神经和脑组织切片,利用神经轴突顺行性标记物—带有荧光的霍乱毒素B和GAP43免疫荧光染色检查并评估视神经的再生。结果C57BL/6J野生小鼠视神经损伤后不能再生,损伤的轴突在24h内退缩,而Bcl2转基因小鼠的视神经活跃地再生了相当长的距离,并于4d后到达脑内的靶组织,但大部分再生的神经轴突沿着对侧眼的视路到达损伤同侧的脑内的靶组织,只有很少的神经轴突到达对侧。结论在出生后3d,Bcl2高表达足以使小鼠视网膜神经节细胞损伤后再生,并且再生的神经轴突可以长距离生长至中脑的靶组织,但神经轴突沿着已存在的视路进入同侧的脑内。

关键词： Bcl-2转基因小鼠神经再生视神经视网膜神经节

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一类带平行机的两阶段柔性流水调度近似算法

应用数学学报 2018年第3期41卷 420-432页

作者：张明会韩鑫大连理工大学软件学院软件工程系大连116620 大连东软信息学院软件工程系大连116023

本文研究一类柔性流水调度与平行机调度相结合的两阶段流水调度模型，模型中第1阶段有1台机器，第2阶段有m台同构并行机，每个任务在第2阶段需要size／台机器同时并行执行．目标是所有任务都完成的完工时间最小化．该模型已被证明出是... 详细信息

本文研究一类柔性流水调度与平行机调度相结合的两阶段流水调度模型，模型中第1阶段有1台机器，第2阶段有m台同构并行机，每个任务在第2阶段需要size／台机器同时并行执行．目标是所有任务都完成的完工时间最小化．该模型已被证明出是强NP难的，并给出了在某种特定情况下近似比为3的近似算法．本文首先详细分析了前人近似算法基本过程，给出该算法近似比分析的局限性；接着给出了一个近似比为3的算法，摒弃了前人给出的近似比为3时的约束条件；最后研究了当第2阶段机器数为2和3时的两种特定情况，采用列表调度思想，给出了近似比为25和2．67的近似算法．

关键词：柔性流水调度平行机调度近似算法近似比

Meteorin-β/Meteorin like/IL-41 attenuates airway inflammation in house dust mite-induced allergic asthma

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2022年第2期19卷 245-259页

作者： Xun Gao Ting-Fan Leung Gary Wing-kin Wong Wing-Hung Ko Mengyun Cai Ellie Jiayi He Ida Miu-Ting Chu Miranda Sin-Man Tsang Ben Chung-Lap Chan Jiawei Ling Xiao Fan Liwei Lu Christopher Wai-Kei Lam Chun-Kwok Wong Department of Chemical Pathology The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Paediatrics The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina School of Biomedical Sciences The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Emory College of Arts and Sciences Emory UniversityAtlantaGAUSA Institute of chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation The University of Hong KongHong KongChina Faculty of Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in chinese Medicines Macao University of Science and TechnologyMacaoChina Li Dak Sum Yip Yio chin R&D Centre for chinese Medicine The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina

We sought to examine the regulatory effect of Meteorin-β(Metrnβ)/Meteorin like(Metrnl)/IL-41 on lung inflammation in allergic *** found that Metrnβwas elevated significantly in asthmatic patients and in mice with allergic asthma induced by house dust mite(HDM)*** exposure to HDM,Metrnβwas secreted predominantly by airway epithelial cells and inflammatory cells,including macrophages and *** increased Metrnβeffectively blocked the development of airway hyperreactivity(AHR)and decreased inflammatory cell airway infiltration and type 2 cytokine production,which was associated with downregulated DC-mediated adaptive immune ***,Metrnβimpaired the maturation and function of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells in *** mice adoptively transferred with dendritic cells isolated from Metrnβ-treated allergic mice displayed decreased AHR,airway inflammation,and lung ***βalso displayed anti-inflammatory properties in immunodeficient SCID mice with allergic asthma and in in vitro 3D ALI airway ***,blockade of Metrnβby anti-Metrnβantibody treatment promoted the development of allergic *** results revealed the unappreciated protective roles of Metrnβin alleviating DC-mediated Th2 inflammation in allergic asthma,providing the novel treatment strategy of therapeutic targeting of Metrnβin allergic asthma.

关键词： Metrnβ Eosinophils Dendritic cells Allergic asthma Air-liquid interface

浙江省遂昌县湖山萤石矿温泉资源的综合开发利用

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中小企业管理与科技 2018年第21期2卷 36-38,196页

作者：叶鑫浙江省遂昌县湖山萤石矿浙江遂昌323308

我国温泉资源已成为很多地方政府发展的产业之一。温泉水含有大量的热量和矿物质,洗浴后,温泉水热量会有所减少,但某些矿物质、COD等有所增加,属于可再利用水范畴。目前对温泉废水回用的研究尚处在发展阶段。根据目前我矿山的情况在继... 详细信息

我国温泉资源已成为很多地方政府发展的产业之一。温泉水含有大量的热量和矿物质,洗浴后,温泉水热量会有所减少,但某些矿物质、COD等有所增加,属于可再利用水范畴。目前对温泉废水回用的研究尚处在发展阶段。根据目前我矿山的情况在继续正常生产开采的情况下,利用温泉资源着重在休闲旅游、保健方面进行重点开发。

关键词：萤石矿地热资源温泉