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Shrinking in the dark: Parallel endosymbiont genome erosions are associated with repeated host transitions to an underground life

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Insect Science 2024年第6期31卷 1810-1821页

作者： Perry G.Beasley-Hall yukihiro kinjo Harley A.Rose James Walker Charles S.P.Foster Toby G.L.kovacs Thomas Bourguignon Simon y.W.Ho Nathan lo School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia School of Biological Sciences University of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia Evolutionary Genomics Unit Okinawa Institute of Science&Technology Graduate UniversityOnna-sonOkinawaJapan Australian Government Department of Agriculture Water and Environment CanberraAustralia School of Biomedical Sciences University of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia

Microbial symbioses have had profound impacts on the evolution of ***,changes in host biology may impact the evolutionary trajectory of symbionts *** cuenoti is present in almost all cockroach species and enables hosts to subsist on a nutrient-poor *** investigate if host biology has impacted Blattabacterium at the genomic level,we sequenced and analyzed 25 genomes from Australian soil-burrowing cockroaches(Blaberidae:Panesthiinae),which have undergone at least seven separate subterranean,subsocial transitions from above-ground,wood-feeding *** find at least three independent instances of genome erosion have occurred in Blattabacterium strains exclusive to Australian soil-burrowing *** shrinkages have involved the repeated inactivation of genes involved in amino acid biosynthesis and nitrogen recycling,the core role of Blattabacterium in the host-symbiont *** most drastic of these erosions have occurred in hosts thought to have transitioned underground the earliest relative to other lineages,further suggestive of a link between gene loss in Blattabacterium and the burrowing behavior of *** Blattabacterium is unable to fulfill its core function in certain host lineages,these findings suggest soil-burrowing cockroaches must acquire these nutrients from novel *** study represents one of the first cases,to our knowledge,of parallel host adaptations leading to concomitant parallelism in their mutualistic symbionts,further underscoring the intimate relationship between these two partners.

关键词： Blattabacterium endosymbiosis gene loss molecular evolution parallel evolution subterranean habitats

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具有不同间隙电容的同轴馈电微带天线的数值分析

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电子学报 1991年第5期19卷 14-21页

作者：聂在平 W.C.Chew y.T.lo 电子科技大学美国伊利诺斯大学

本文利用模式匹配理论和积分方程法对在同轴口面上具有不同间隙电容的同轴馈电微带天线输入阻抗特性进行了分析。理论结果与实验数据具有理想的一致性。研究表明,间隙电容的变化将对厚基片微带天线产生不容忽视的影响。

关键词：微带天线同轴馈电数值分析天线

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Strategies to tackle the challenges of external beam radiotherapy for liver tumors

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World Journal of Hepatology 2017年第14期9卷 645-656页

作者： Michael I lock Jonathan klein Hans T Chung Joseph M Herman Edward y kim William Small Nina A Mayr Simon S lo Department of Radiation Oncology London Regional Cancer ProgramUniversity of Western Ontario Department of Radiation Oncology Odette Cancer CentreSunnybrook Health Sciences Centre Department of Radiation Oncology the University of Texas Department of Radiation Oncology University of Washington School of Medicine Department of Radiation Oncology Loyola University Medical Center

Primary and metastatic liver cancer is an increasingly common and difficult to control disease *** offers a non-invasive treatment alternative for these patients who often have few options and a poor ***,the anatomy and aggressiveness of liver cancer poses significant challenges such as accurate localization at simulation and treatment,management of motion and appropriate selection of dose *** article aims to review the options available and provide information for the practical implementation and/or improvement of liver cancer radiation programs within the context of stereotactic body radiotherapy and image-guided radiotherapy *** patient inclusion and exclusion criteria are presented given the significant toxicity found in certain sub-populations treated with ***,certain sub-populations,such as those with tumor thrombosis or those with larger lesions treated with transarterial chemoembolization,have been shown to have significant improvements in outcome with the addition of radiation and merit special *** a liver radiation programrequires three primary challenges to be addressed:(1) immobilization and motion management;(2) localization;and(3) dose regimen and constraint *** to deal with motion include simple internal target volume(ITV) expansions,non-gated ITV reduction strategies,breath hold methods,and surrogate marker methods to enable gating or *** of the tumor and organs-at-risk are addressed using contrast infusion techniques to take advantage of different normal liver and cancer vascular anatomy,imaging modalities,and margin ***,a dose response has been demonstrated and dose regimens appear to be converging.A more uniform approach to treatment in terms of technique,dose selection and patient selection will allow us to study liver radiation in larger and,hopefully,multicenter randomized studies.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Liver metastases 4DCT Image-guided radiotherapy Stereotactic body radiation therapy

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精炼镍阳极──通往工业最佳实践应用的途径

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电镀与涂饰 2013年第5期32卷 6-12页

作者： C.M.Whittington kinny L.k.yeung W.y.lo 全成军 C.M.Whittington & Associates Pty Ltd Melbourne and Hong Kong 香港生产力促进局 FCI Asia Pte Ltd Singapore

利用特地开发的测试方法在模拟电镀生产阳极溶解的条件下,研究了精炼原始金属镍阳极的功能特点,评价了阳极溶解效率、能耗、微观表面孔蚀、阳极装载密度和不溶残渣的积累。研究结果给钛篮用原始金属镍阳极类别的选择提供了指导,并能帮... 详细信息

利用特地开发的测试方法在模拟电镀生产阳极溶解的条件下,研究了精炼原始金属镍阳极的功能特点,评价了阳极溶解效率、能耗、微观表面孔蚀、阳极装载密度和不溶残渣的积累。研究结果给钛篮用原始金属镍阳极类别的选择提供了指导,并能帮助终端电镀用户使用所推荐的最佳实践操作,通过控制镍库存、镍的工作投入、电能的消耗,以及最大限度地利用金属镍原料、劳动力和管理开支,以降低生产成本。减少因清洗而产生的金属镍、盐和电解液添加剂的浪费,也就减少了环境污染并有利于工人的职业健康和安全。本研究所报告的结果与6年来许多不同电镀厂和镀镍应用中观察到的情况一致。

关键词：精炼原始金属镍电镀阳极溶解工业应用

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High voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy and interface magnetoelectric effect in sputtered multilayers annealed at high temperatures

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2020年第7期63卷 114-119页

作者： LeZhi Wang Xiang Li Taisuke Sasaki kin Wong GuoQiang yu ShouZhong Peng Chao Zhao Tadakatsu Ohkubo kazuhiro Hono WeiSheng Zhao kanglong Wang Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data and Brain Computing Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China School of Computer Science&Engineering Beihang UniversityBejing 100191China Department of Electrical Engineering University of CaliforniaLos AngelesLos Angeles 90095USA School of Microeletronics Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Inston IncLos Angeles 90095USA National Institute for Materials Science(NIMS) Tsukuba 305-0047Japan Institute of Microelectronics Chinese Academy of SciencesBejing 100029China

Voltage control of magnetism promises great energy efficiency in writing magnetic memory. Here, using Cr/Mo/CoFeB/MgO multilayers stable under high annealing temperatures up to 590°C, we significantly enhance the interfacial crystallinity, thereby the interface-originated perpendicular magnetic anisotropy(PMA), voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy(VCMA), and interface magnetoelectric(ME) effect. High interfacial PMA of 1.35 mJ/m^2, VCMA coefficient of-138 fJ/(V m), and interface ME coefficient, which is 2-3 orders of magnitude larger than ab initio calculation results are simultaneously achieved after annealing at 500°C. These promising results enabled by the industry-applicable sputtering process will pave the way for highdensity voltage-controlled spintronic devices.

关键词： voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy(VCMA) magnetoelectric(ME)effect perpendicular magnetic anisotropy

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Intratumoral Bacteria Dysbiosis Is Associated with Human Papillary Thyroid Cancer and Correlated with Oncogenic Signaling Pathways

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Engineering 2023年第9期28卷 179-192页

作者： Shuang yu yanqiang Ding Xuejie Wang Siu kin Ng Siting Cao Weixin Liu Zhuming Guo yubin Xie Shubin Hong Lixia Xu Xiaoxing Li Jie Li Weiming Lv Sui Peng yanbing Li Joseph J.y.Sung Jun yu Haipeng Xiao Department of Endocrinology The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510080China Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics State Key Laboratory of Digestive DiseaseThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Department of Head and Neck Surgery Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou 510060China Clinical Trials Unit The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510080China Institute of Precision Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510080China Department of Oncology The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510080China Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510080China Lee kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technology UniversitySingapore 308232Singapore

Emerging evidence suggests that microbial dysbiosis plays vital roles in many human ***,knowledge of whether the microbial community in thyroid tumor is related to tumorigenesis remains *** this study,we aimed to explore the microbial community in thyroid tissues and its contribution to papillary thyroid cancer(PTC).In parallel,we performed microbial profiling and transcriptome sequencing in the tumor and adjacent normal tissues of a large cohort of 340 PTC and benign thyroid nodule(BTN)*** microbial signatures were identified in PTC,BTN,and their adjacent nontumor ***-thyroid tissue bacteria were verified by means of bacteria staining,fluorescence in situ hybridization,and immunoelectron *** found that 17 bacterial taxa were differentially abundant in PTC compared with BTN,which included enrichment in PTC of the pathobionts Rhodococcus,Neisseria,Streptococcus,Halomonas,and Devosia,and depletion of the beneficial bacteria *** differentially abundant bacteria could differentiate PTC tumor tissues(PTC-T)from BTN tissues(BTN-T)with an area under the curve(AUC)of 81.66%.Microbial network analysis showed increased correlation strengths among the bacterial taxa in PTC-T in comparison with ***-corresponding bacteria(i.e.,Erwinia,Bacillus,and Acinetobacter)were found to be enriched in PTC with Hashimoto’s ***,our integrative analysis revealed that the PTC-enriched bacteria had a positive association with key PTC-oncogenic pathway-related genes,including BRAF,kRAS,IRAk4,CTNNB1,PIk3CA,MAP3k7,and *** conclusion,our results suggest that intratumor bacteria dysbiosis is associated with the thyroid tumorigenesis and oncogenic signaling pathways of PTC.

关键词： Papillary thyroid cancer Benign thyroid nodule Bacteria Transcriptome Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

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Effects Of Average Index Variation in Apodized long-Period Fiber Gratings

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Photonic Sensors 2013年第2期3卷 102-111页

作者： yanju GU kin Seng CHIANG Department of Electronic Engineering City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China

We analyze the effects of average index variation on the transmission characteristics of an index-apodized long-period fiber grating （LPFG） by the transfer matrix method and study how these effects depend on the grating length, the grating profile, the modal dispersion factor, and the duty cycle of the index modulation. Apart from shifting the resonance wavelength and modifying the rejection band, average index variation can give rise to significant side lobes that may appear on the short-wavelength or long-wavelength side of the rejection band, depending on the signs of the average index change and the modal dispersion factor. Our results provide general guidance for the writing of LPFGs for the minimization of side lobes. Our analysis compares well with published experimental results and should be useful for the design and fabrication of LPFGs.

关键词： Apodization fiber grating long-period fiber grating (LPFG) optical fiber sensor optical filter transfer matrix method

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Quick Assessment of Potential Hydrate Promoters for Rapid Formation

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Geomaterials 2012年第4期2卷 63-69页

作者： Chi y. lo P. Somasundaran Jae W. Lee Chemical Engineering City College of New York New York USA Earth and Environmental Engineering Columbia University New York USA

Hydrate technology has advanced to greater proportions: implementing the high latent heats as refrigerant, safe carbon capture as carbon sequestration in hydrates, purifying rare gases in hydrates, and safe efficient transport of energy using rapid hydrate formation. These account for only a small amount of the fundamental understanding of gas hydrates and the use of such a novel technology. A quick and broad analysis of novel hydrate promoters is needed to assess the potential of other promoter agents. This will improve the understanding of rapid hydrate formation and fundamental ideas related to the kinetics and formation of hydrates. There are still hundreds of other surfactants that have not been identified for rapid formation. The insurmountable endeavor deters many from trying as it can be like finding a needle in a hay stack. This almost futile endeavor of correctly identifying a surfactant as a promoter agent without doing a formation test can be accomplished with recent techniques. Using Raman and a liquid hydrocarbon (Cyclo-pentane), surfactants may shift the sample’s peak towards the hydrate peak (890 cm–1), thereby identifying it as a choice surfactant for rapid formation of hydrates. With a broad survey of surfactants, understanding fundamental science and engineering kinetics for hydrates will be easily achieved. Finding more effective and novel surfactants for hydrate formations will broaden the field of hydrates and self-assembling crystallization. As hydrate technology broadens, interdisciplinary fields can contribute expertise from surface science to spectroscopy leading to geological formations and engineering kinetics.

关键词： Gas Hydrate Promoter Technology Clathrate

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Cellular zinc metabolism and zinc signaling:from biological functions to diseases and therapeutic targets

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第2期9卷 401-441页

作者： Bonan Chen Peiyao yu Wai Nok Chan Fuda Xie yigan Zhang Li Liang kam Tong Leung kwok Wai lo Jun yu Gary M.k.Tse Wei kang ka Fai To Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology State Key Laboratory of Translational OncologyPrince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina State key Laboratory of Digestive Disease Institute of Digestive DiseaseThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina CUHk-Shenzhen Research Institute The Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhenChina Department of Pathology Nanfang Hospital and Basic Medical CollegeSouthern Medical UniversityGuangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor PathologyGuangzhouChina Institute of Biomedical Research Taihe HospitalHubei University of MedicineShiyanChina Department of Pediatrics The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Zinc metabolism at the cellular level is critical for many biological processes in the body.A key observation is the disruption of cellular homeostasis,often coinciding with disease *** an essential factor in maintaining cellular equilibrium,cellular zinc has been increasingly spotlighted in the context of disease *** research suggests zinc’s involvement in promoting malignancy and invasion in cancer cells,despite its low tissue *** has led to a growing body of literature investigating zinc’s cellular metabolism,particularly the functions of zinc transporters and storage mechanisms during cancer *** transportation is under the control of two major transporter families:SLC30(ZnT)for the excretion of zinc and SLC39(ZIP)for the zinc ***,the storage of this essential element is predominantly mediated by metallothioneins(MTs).This review consolidates knowledge on the critical functions of cellular zinc signaling and underscores potential molecular pathways linking zinc metabolism to disease progression,with a special focus on *** also compile a summary of clinical trials involving zinc *** the main localization of zinc transporters at the cell membrane,the potential for targeted therapies,including small molecules and monoclonal antibodies,offers promising avenues for future exploration.

关键词： metabolism invasion involvement

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Chemical and Sr-Nd compositions and ^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar ages of NW-trending dolerite dikes of Burkina Faso: Evidence for a Mesoproterozoic magmatism in the West African Craton

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Geoscience Frontiers 2018年第6期9卷 1957-1980页

作者： Boukare Tapsoba Ching-Hua lo Urbain Wenmenga yoshiyuki Iizuka Sun-Lin Chung Gregory Shellnutt Department of Geosciences National Taiwan University UFR-SVT Département de Géologie Université Pr.Joseph Ki-Zerbo de Ouagadougou Institute of Earth Sciences Academia Sinica Department of Earth Sciences National Taiwan Normal University

The Paleoproterozoic basement of the northeastern part of the Leo-Man craton is intruded by generally NW-trending dikes. These regional scale dikes extend over 1000 km in Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger. We present chemical and Sr-Nd isotope compositions, as well as 40 Ar/39 Ar ages of these dikes with the following strikes N98°-N112°, and N114°-N124° in NE Burkina Faso. Field relationships show that the dikes are posterior to all other rock types dated between 2.26 Ga and 2.0 Ga. Chemical data indicate that the dikes are continental flood basalts and composed of low-Ti(TiO2 ≤ 2 wt.%) sub-alkaline basalts and andesites. They exhibit a minor negative Europium anomaly(0.86-0.99) and slightly fractionated REE patterns((La/yb)_N= 2.5-9.1; yb_N = 9.5-19.9). The ratios of Th/Ta(1.3-11.4) and Ce/Pb(5.2-58.5)suggest a varying crustal assimilation of the dike magmas during ascent in the continental crust for all studied samples. Calculated P-T conditions indicate that the magma reached temperatures of 1285 ℃(calculated from olivine compositions) and pressures of 6.9 kbar(calculated for pyroxene minerals).Calculated initial 87 Sr/86 Sr(0.70040-0.70260) and ε_(Nd)(t)=+2.1 to-3.5 at 1575 Ma,also point to a crustal contamination with the most primitive samples showing T_(DM) values of 1946 Ma and 2154 Ma. The low values of La/Ba(low Th/Nb(kes. Sr-Nd data, Mg# and NbTa-Zr-y-Th-Tb-yb compositions further suggest that the most primitive samples were emplaced in a none orogenic setting and their magmas were subjected to variable crustal contaminations. Literature and the present whole rock 40 Ar/39 Ar age determinations show that the dikes were emplaced during a widespread Mesoproterozoic magmatism between 1.6 Ga and 1.2 Ga, and were affected by a thermal event causing the argon systematics resetting, best constrained by the date of sample kk1(123

关键词： Mafic dike swarm Depleted mantle Mesoproterozoic Continental tholeiites Nuna West African Craton

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