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Gene expression analysis in the larval silk gland of the eri silkworm Samia ricini

Insect Science 2016年第6期23卷 791-804页

作者： Takuya Tsubota kimiko yamamoto Kazuei Mita Hideki Sezutsu Transgenic Silkworm Research Unit Ibaraki 305-8634Japan Insect Genome Research Unit National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences Ibaraki 305-8634Japan

Insects produce silk for a range of purposes. In the Lepidoptera, silk is utilized as a material for cocoon production and serves to protect larvae from adverse environmental conditions or predators. Species in the Saturniidae family produce an especially wide variety of cocoons, for example, large, golden colored cocoons and those with many small holes. Although gene expression in the silk gland of the domestic silkworm （Bombyx mori L.） has been extensively studied, considerably fewer investigations have focused on members of the saturniid family. Here, we established expression sequence tags from the silk gland of the eri silkworm （Samia ricini）, a saturniid species, and used these to analyze gene expression. Although we identified thefibroin heavy chain gene in the established library, genes for other major silk proteins, such asfibroin light chain andfibrohexamerin, were absent. This finding is consistent with previous reports that these latter proteins are lacking in saturniid silk. Recently, a series offibrohexamerin-like genes were identified in the Bombyx genome. We used this information to conduct a detailed analysis of the library established here. This analysis identified putative homologues of these genes. We also found several genes encoding small silk protein molecules that are also present in the silk of other Lepidoptera. Gene expression patterns were compared between eri and domestic silkworm, and both conserved and nonconserved expression patterns were identified for the tested genes. Such differential gene expression might be one of the major causes of the differences in silk properties between these species. We believe that our study can be of value as a basic catalogue for silk gland gene expression, which will yield to the further understanding of silk evolution.

关键词： domestic silkworm eri silkworm EST analysis Samia ricini silk gland

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Assessment of Myogenic Power Expenditure Due to Arterial Wall Smooth Muscle Contraction Based upon the Fractal Nature of Vascular Trees

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Applied Mathematics 2014年第12期5卷 1750-1762页

作者： Akira Kamiya Masahiro Shibata kimiko yamamoto Research Laboratory for Interdisciplinary Sciences Tokyo Japan

The purpose of this study is 1) to present a biomechanical model for evaluating the myogenic power expended in an arterial segment due to vascular smooth muscle contraction (VSMC) and 2) to assess the total power expenditure in the entire systemic arterial tree by utilizing the fractal nature of the branching architecture. The model is based on the mechanical equilibrium between the stretch stress exerted by blood pressure inside the vessel lumen and constricting stress elicited by VSMC in the vascular wall. An expression for myogenic power expenditure is formulated for a unit wall mass as a function of the internal vessel radius and extent of strain. This expression was then integrated over selected range of vessel radii, by taking into account of the fractal nature of the branching structure. When the total myogenic power expended in the systemic arterial tree in rat at the moderate strain level is converted to the oxygen consumption rate, it amounts to approximately 18% of the whole body oxygen consumption rate. This suggests that the mechanical power expenditure due to VSMC is a significant factor that should not be ignored in studies of vascular energetics.

关键词： Myogenic Active Stress Biomechanics Fractal Integral Oxygen Consumption Allometric Law

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剪应力和周向应变联合作用下血管内皮细胞内自由Ca^(2+)响应

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上海生物医学工程 2007年第3期28卷 135-138页

作者：覃开蓉韩林姚烽 kimiko yamamoto Joji Ando 上海交通大学力学生物学与医学工程实验室上海200240 长海医院心胸外科上海200433 System Physiology Laboratory Department of Biomedical EngineeringGraduate School of MedicineThe University of Tokyo

机械力调节血管内皮细胞功能。Ca2+在机械力信号转导中扮演了重要的角色。本文研究剪应力和周向应变联合作用下血管内皮细胞内自由Ca2+浓度的变化规律,结果表明,在生理周向应变条件(小于15%)下,同时暴露于剪应力和周向应变的细胞内自由C... 详细信息

机械力调节血管内皮细胞功能。Ca2+在机械力信号转导中扮演了重要的角色。本文研究剪应力和周向应变联合作用下血管内皮细胞内自由Ca2+浓度的变化规律,结果表明,在生理周向应变条件(小于15%)下,同时暴露于剪应力和周向应变的细胞内自由Ca2+浓度变化更依赖于剪应力大小而非周向应变的大小,Ca2+浓度升高主要是胞外Ca2+内流引起的。

关键词：剪应力周向应变硅胶管流动腔血管内皮细胞 Ca^2+

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Potential Power of the Pyramidal Structure VI: Pyramid Effects due to Potential Power and Pyramid Effects due to Bio-Entanglement

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Natural Science 2022年第6期14卷 251-263页

作者： Osamu Takagi Masamichi Sakamoto kimiko Kawano Mikio yamamoto International Research Institute (IRI) Chiba Japan Aquavision Academy Chiba Japan

Research on the so-called “pyramid power” began in the late 1930s. However, in general, pyramid power has been regarded as having no scientific basis, so there are very few systematic papers on pyramid power other than our academic research papers. Since October 2007, we have been conducting research to experimentally elucidate the unexplained phenomenon of a pyramid by using a pyramidal structure (PS). There have been two main types of experiments: (i) an experiment to detect the pyramid effects that appear due to the potential power (pyramid power) that the PS inherently has;and (ii) an experiment to detect the pyramid effects that appear when a test subject meditates inside the PS. To detect the pyramid effects, biosensors with evenly cut cucumber fruits, Cucumis sativus, were used. As a result of analyzing the concentration of volatile components emitted from the biosensors, we demonstrated the existence of pyramid power near the PS apex and discovered that the PS has the function of converting the unexplained energy of the meditator test subject. The research results so far have been reported as eleven original papers, three comprehensive reports, and one book chapter. We reported the phenomenon of the entanglement between biosensors in parts IV and V of the paper series, “Potential Power of the Pyramidal Structure”. Furthermore, we clarified that the influence of the entanglement is included in the psi index Ψ, which is an index of the magnitude of the pyramid effects. The purpose of the present paper was to separate and analyze the psi index Ψ into the effect of the potential power of the PS and the effect of the entanglement between biosensors (we have named this as the Bio-Entanglement). To do this, we placed biosensors at the PS apex in two layers. The value of the pyramid effect on the biosensors in the upper layer was always larger than that in the lower layer. We found that this was mainly due to the potential power of the PS. We also found that the fac

关键词： Pyramid Potential Power Entanglement Biosensor Cucumis sativus Gas Psi Index

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Potential Power of the Pyramidal Structure VII: Effects of Pyramid Power and Bio-Entanglement on the Circadian Rhythm of Biosensors

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Natural Science 2023年第1期15卷 19-38页

作者： Osamu Takagi Masamichi Sakamoto kimiko Kawano Mikio yamamoto International Research Institute (IRI) Chiba Japan Aquavision Academy Chiba Japan

We have demonstrated the existence of a pyramid power and have revealed its characteristics by strictly scientific experiments using biosensors. We also revealed the existence of a Bio-Entanglement, an entangled relationship between biosensors. A parallel study of biosensors (edible cucumber slices) had also been conducted, and we found that the circadian rhythm of gas concentrations emitted from biosensors changes seasonally. The pyramid power and Bio-Entanglement did not change the number of cycles in the periodic approximation curve representing circadian rhythm. Therefore, in this paper we analyzed the influence of the pyramid power and Bio-Entanglement, i.e., their influence on the phase, amplitude, and correlation coefficient of the periodic approximation curve representing the circadian rhythm of emitted gas concentrations. The main results are as follows. 1) The pyramid power shifted the phase of the periodic approximation curve representing the circadian rhythm by 43 minutes. 2) The amplitude of the periodic approximation curve changed with the pyramid power and the Bio-Entanglement. The effect on the lower and upper sections of the biosensors stacked in two layers was different, with a tendency to increase the amplitude of the lower layer and decrease the amplitude of the upper layer. 3) The pyramid power and the Bio-Entanglement affected the correlation coefficient between gas concentration and the periodic approximation curve representing the circadian rhythm of gas concentration. The effect on the lower and upper layers of the biosensors was different, with a tendency for the lower layer correlation coefficient to be larger and the upper layer correlation coefficient to be smaller. Previously we demonstrated that the pyramid power and the Bio-Entanglement affect the ratio of gas concentration, i.e., psi index Ψ. In this paper we demonstrate for the first time that the pyramid power and the Bio-Entanglement affect time, i.e., phase difference.

关键词： Pyramid Biosensor Cucumis sativus Circadian Rhythm Entanglement Gas Season

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Potential Power of the Pyramidal Structure V: Seasonal Changes in the Periodicity of Diurnal Variation of Biosensors Caused by Entanglement Due to Pyramid Effects

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Natural Science 2021年第12期13卷 523-536页

作者： Osamu Takagi Masamichi Sakamoto kimiko Kawano Mikio yamamoto International Research Institute (IRI) Chiba Japan Aquavision Academy Chiba Japan

Since October 2007, we have been conducting rigorous scientific experiments to elucidate the so-called “pyramid power”. The experiments use a pyramidal structure (PS). In order to detect the PS effects, a biosensor is made from cucumber fruit sections and the released volatile components are analyzed as gas concentration. We reported the phenomenon of entanglement between biosensors in part IV of the paper series, Potential Power of the Pyramidal Structure. The entanglement affected the gas concentration of the biosensors 8 m away, but not the biosensors at the PS apex. In this paper, we report another characteristic of the entanglement. The results and our conclusion are as follows. Result 1: The periodicity of diurnal variation in gas concentration changed with entanglement. Result 2: As a result of analyzing the gas concentration data separately for the four seasons of winter, spring, summer, and autumn, the seasonal dependence of the periodicity of diurnal variation due to entanglement was clarified. Conclusion: We reaffirmed the existence of the entanglement between biosensors due to the pyramid effects by a phenomenon different from Part IV of the paper series, Potential Power of the Pyramidal Structure. We expect that our research results will be widely accepted in the future and will become the foundation for a new research field in science, with a wide range of applications.

关键词： Pyramid Potential Power Entanglement Meditation Biosensor Cucumis sativus Gas Psi Index

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Potential Power of the Pyramidal Structure VIII: Exploration of Periodic Diurnal Oscillation of Pyramid Power and Bio-Entanglement

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Natural Science 2023年第4期15卷 179-189页

作者： Osamu Takagi Masamichi Sakamoto kimiko Kawano Mikio yamamoto International Research Institute (IRI) Chiba Japan Aquavision Academy Chiba Japan

To date, numerous books have been published on so-called “pyramid power” but there have been few academic papers on this subject other than our own. Since 2007, to demonstrate the pyramid power, we have undertaken strictly scientific experiments using a pyramidal structure (PS) that we have carefully constructed. In previous reports, we used the edible cucumber, Cucumis sativus as an effective and practical biosensor. Through measurement and analysis of volatile components (gas concentrations) emitted from the biosensor, we were able to demonstrate the existence of the pyramid power and revealed some of its characteristics. In a paper published in 2022, we showed that gas concentration release from this biosensor displayed a circadian rhythm and that this rhythm changed with the season. Based on the result that the biosensor had a periodic diurnal oscillation called a circadian rhythm, we questioned whether or not pyramid power and Bio-Entanglement also had periodic diurnal oscillations. In this paper, we investigated that possibility. Our results have shown that pyramid power and Bio-Entanglement do not exhibit significant periodic diurnal oscillations. Thus we have revealed for the first time that the field associated with pyramid power is a type of static field that always exerts a constant influence. We expect that our research results will be widely accepted in the future and will become the foundation for a new research field in science, with a wide range of applications.

关键词： Pyramid Potential Power Bio-Entanglement Diurnal Oscillation Biosensor Cucumis sativus Gas Psi Index

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Potential Power of the Pyramidal Structure IV: Discovery of Entanglement Due to Pyramid Effects

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Natural Science 2021年第7期13卷 258-272页

作者： Osamu Takagi Masamichi Sakamoto kimiko Kawano Mikio yamamoto International Research Institute (IRI) Chiba Japan Aquavision Academy Chiba Japan

Since October 2007, we have been conducting rigorous scientific research on the unexplained “power” of a pyramidal structure (PS). From our research results so far, we could classify pyramid effects by the PS into the following two types: (i) the pyramid effects due to the potential power of the PS and (ii) the pyramid effects due to the influence of the test subject meditating inside the PS. We have been using edible cucumber sections as the biosensors. The pyramid effect existence was clarified by measuring and analyzing the concentration of volatile components released from the biosensors. The biosensors were arranged as a pair: one member of the pair was placed at the PS apex and the other was placed at the calibration control point 8.0 m away from the PS. In this paper, we report a new discovery regarding the type (i) pyramid effects. We discovered a phenomenon considered to be entanglement between the biosensor pairs detecting the pyramid effects. In other words, the biosensors at the PS apex, which were affected by the potential power of the PS, affected the biosensors at the calibration control point. We also confirmed that the effects on the biosensors placed at the calibration control point were not due to the potential power of the PS. Furthermore, we showed that the magnitude of the effect of entanglement changed with the seasons. We expect that our research results will be widely accepted in the future and will become the foundation for a new research field in science, with a wide range of applications.

关键词： Pyramid Potential Power Entanglement Meditation Non-Contact Effect Biosensor Cucumis sativus Gas Psi Index

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Seasonal Changes in the Circadian Rhythm of Gas Released from Harvested Cucumbers

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Natural Science 2022年第11期14卷 503-516页

作者： Osamu Takagi Masamichi Sakamoto kimiko Kawano Mikio yamamoto International Research Institute (IRI) Chiba Japan Aquavision Academy Chiba Japan

Vegetables and fruits are known to have long-lasting biological reactions even after harvesting. Volatile components may be released as a biological response to stimulation or injury. We measured the concentrations of volatiles released from the cut surfaces of cucumbers after their harvest and analyzed the relationship between the time the cucumbers were cut and gas concentrations. The results showed that gas concentrations indicate a circadian rhythm. We previously reported that the circadian rhythm of gas concentrations was 6 hours per cycle in the summer, i.e., from the vernal equinox to the autumnal equinox, and 24 hours per cycle in the winter, i.e., from the autumn equinox to the vernal equinox. We analyzed the gas concentrations emitted from cucumber sections in more detail in this paper and found that the circadian rhythms differ among winter, spring, summer, and autumn seasons. We found that one cycle of the circadian rhythm was 8 hours in winter, 6 hours in spring, 24 hours in summer, and a mixed cycle of 24 and 12 hours in autumn.

关键词： Cucumis sativus Biosensor Circadian Rhythm Season Gas Pyramid

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Potential Power of the Pyramidal Structure III: Discovery of Pyramid Effects with and without Seasonal Variation

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Natural Science 2020年第12期12卷 743-753页

作者： Osamu Takagi Masamichi Sakamoto Hideo Yoichi kimiko Kawano Mikio yamamoto International Research Institute (IRI) Chiba Japan Aquavision Academy Chiba Japan

Since October 2007, we have been conducting rigorous scientific research on the unexplained “power” of a pyramidal structure (PS). From our research results so far, we could classify the pyramid effects by the PS into the following two types. (i) The pyramid effects in which the PS converted the test subject’s unexplained energy to affect biosensors when the test subject entered the PS and meditated. (ii) The pyramid effects in which the potential power of the PS affected biosensors if the test subject had not been inside the PS for at least 20 days and the test subject’s unexplained energy was excluded. In this paper, we report new results regarding (ii). As a result of dividing a year according to the four seasons of winter, spring, summer, and autumn and analyzing the pyramid effect of each period, the following points were found. 1) There was a pyramid effect without seasonal variation. The pyramid effect on the lower and upper layers was different throughout the year for the biosensors placed at the PS apex in two layers, regardless of the season. 2) There was a pyramid effect with seasonal variation. The value of the psi index, which indicates the magnitude of the pyramid effect, changed as the seasons changed, while different pyramid effects were maintained on the lower and upper layers. Regarding the change in the pyramid effect depending on the season, the psi index in summer was larger than that in winter in both the lower and upper layers. From these results, we found that there are two types of potential power at the PS apex: seasonal potential power and non-seasonal potential power.

关键词： Pyramid Potential Power Meditation Non-Contact Effect Seasonal Variation Biosensor Cucumis sativus Gas Psi Index

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