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Modeling habitat suitability of range plant species using random forest method in arid mountainous rangelands

Journal of Mountain Science 2018年第10期15卷 2159-2171页

作者： Hossein PIRI SAHRAGARD Majid AJORLO Peyman karami Range and Watershed Management Department Faculty of Soil and Water University of Zabol Department of Environmental Sciences Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment Sciences Malayer University

Mountainous rangelands play a pivotal role in providing forage resources for livestock, particularly in summer, and maintaining ecological balance. This study aimed to identify environmental variables affecting range plant species distribution, ecological analysis of the relationship between these variables and the distribution of plants, and to model and map the plant habitats suitability by the Random Forest Method(RFM) in rangelands of the Taftan Mountain, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, southeastern Iran. In order to determine the environmental variables and estimate the potential distribution of plant species, the presence points of plants were recorded by using systematic random sampling method(90 points of presence) and soils were sampled in 5 habitats by random method in 0–30 and 30–60 cm depths. The layers of environmental variables were prepared using the Kriging interpolation method and Geographic Information System facilities. The distribution of the plant habitats was finally modelled and mapped by the RFM. Continuous maps of the habitat suitability were converted to binary maps using Youden Index(?) in order to evaluate the accuracy of the RFM in estimation of the distribution of species potentialhabitat. Based on the values of the area under curve(AUC) statistics, accuracy of predictive models of all habitats was in good level. Investigating the agreement between the predicted map, generated by each model, and actual maps, generated from fieldmeasured data, of the plant habitats, was at a high level for all habitats, except for Amygdalus scoparia habitat. This study concluded that the RFM is a robust model to analyze the relationships between the distribution of plant species and environmental variables as well as to prepare potential distribution maps of plant habitats that are of higher priority for conservation on the local scale in arid mountainous rangelands.

关键词： Environmental (predictor) variables Habitat mapping Habitat distribution Random Forest Method Tartan Mountain

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Kinetic studies on extra heavy crude oil upgrading using nanocatalysts by applying CFD techniques

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2018年第2期26卷 343-355页

作者： Javad Aminian Dehkordi Arezou Jafari Seyyed Amir Sabet Fatemeh karami Faculty of Chemical Engineering Tarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran Islamic Azad University ShahroodIran

Regarding the growth of global energy consumption and the paucity of light crude oil, extracting and using heavy and extra heavy crude oil has received much more attention, but the application of this kind of oil is complicated due to its very high molecular weight. High viscosity and low flowability complicate the transportation of heavy and extra heavy crude oil. Accordingly, it is essential to reduce the viscosity of heavy and extra heavy crude oil through in-situ operations or immediate actions after extraction to reduce costs. Numerical simulations are influential methods, because they reduce calculation time and costs. In this study, the cracking of extra heavy crude oil using computational fluid dynamics is simulated, and a unique kinetic model is proposed based on experimental procedures to predict the behavior of extra heavy crude oil cracking reaction. Moreover, the hydrodynamics and heat transfer of the system and influence of nanocatalysts and temperature on the upgrading of crude oil are studied. The geometry of a reactor is produced using commercial software, and some experiments are performed to examine the validity and accuracy of the numerical results. The findings reveal that there is a good agreement between the numerical and experimental results. Furthermore, to investigate the main factors affecting the process, sensitivity analysis is adopted. Results show that type of catalyst and concentration of catalyst are the parameters that influence the viscosity reduction of extra heavy crude oil the most. The findings further revealed that when using a 25 nm SiO_2 nanocatalyst, a maximum viscosity reduction of 98.67% is observed at 623 K. Also, a catalyst concentration of 2.28 wt% is best for upgrading extra heavy crude oil. The results obtained through sensitivity analysis, simulation model, and experiments represent effectual information for the design and development of high performance upgrading processes for energy applications.

关键词： Upgrading Extra heavy oil Simulation Nanocatalyst

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Monte-Carlo-based simulation and investigation of 230 kV transmission lines outage due to lightning

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High Voltage 2020年第1期5卷 83-91页

作者： Ehsan karami Ahmad Khalilinia Afshar Bali Kumars Rouzbehi Electrical Engineering Department Sharif University of TechnologyTehranIran West Regional Electric Company KermanshahIran Department of System Engineering and Automatic Control University of Seville41004 SevilleSpain

Here,using the probabilistic evaluation based on the Monte Carlo method,back-flashover rate and shielding failure flashover rate of 230 kV overhead transmission lines in the western regions of Iran are *** such an aim,first,the number of thunderstorm days per year is collected from the reported weather information in order to determine the ground flash ***,using MRU-200 equipment,the tower-footing resistance of several towers is ***®software is used in order to produce lightning surges considering its probabilistic nature and randomly distribution on the ground to evaluate striking distance based on the geometric ***,calculated parameters are transferred to EMTP-RV software by establishing a link to perform the transient simulation and report the results for modelled 230 kV transmission ***,considering IEEE-1243 standard,it is shown that due to high ground flash density,using 230 kV tower with one shield wire is not sufficient to protect the line against lightning phenomena.

关键词： flash lightning probabilistic

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Analytical methodologies for determination of methotrexate and its metabolites in pharmaceutical,biological and environmental samples

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2019年第6期9卷 373-391页

作者： Forough karami Sara Ranjbar Younes Ghasemi Manica Negahdaripour Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center Shiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran Central Research Laboratory School of MedicineShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran Chemistry Department Yasouj UniversityYasoujIran Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology School of PharmacyShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran

Methotrexate(MTX)is a folate antagonist drug used for several diseases,such as cancers,various malignancies,rheumatoid arthritis(RA)and inflammatory bowel *** to its structural features,including the presence of two carboxylic acid groups and its low native fluorescence,there are some challenges to develop analytical methods for its *** is metabolized to 7-hydroxymethotrexate(7-OH-MTX),2,4-diamino-N10-methylpteroic acid(DAMPA),and the active MTX polyglutamates(MTXPGs)in the liver,intestine,and red blood cells(RBCs),***,the drug has a narrow therapeutic range;hence,its therapeutic drug monitoring(TDM)is necessary to regulate the pharmacokinetics of the drug and to decrease the risk of *** to environmental toxicity of MTX;its sensitive,fast and low cost determination in workplace environments is of great interest.A large number of methodologies including high performance liquid chromatography equipped with UVevisible,fluorescence,or electrochemical detection,liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy,capillary electrophoresis,UVevisible spectrophotometry,and electrochemical methods have been developed for the quantitation of MTX and its metabolites in pharmaceutical,biological,and environmental *** paper will attempt to review several published methodologies and the instrumental conditions,which have been applied to measure MTX and its metabolites within the last decade.

关键词： Methotrexate Antifolate Anticancer Quantification High performance liquid chromatography

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Relationship between niche breadth and range shifts of Rhinopoma muscatellum(Chiroptera:Rhinopomatidae)in climate change scenarios in arid and semiarid mountainous region of Iran

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Journal of Mountain Science 2021年第9期18卷 2357-2376页

作者： Sasan KAFAEI Peyman karami Robab MEHDIZADEH Vahid AKMALI Department of Biology Faculty of ScienceRazi UniversityKermanshah ***Iran Department of Environmental Sciences Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment SciencesMalayer UniversityMalayer 65719-95863Iran

Rapid climate change has provided the opportunity for many species to learn to adapt fast enough to modify their range *** positive and negative responses of the species in terms of distribution are related to parameters such as kind of species,degree of specialization,size and movement skills,and such *** to high elevations and transitions to higher latitudes are among the strategies proposed as a solution to the negative effects of climate ***,predicting how different species respond to climate change can help predict the conservation program for *** distribution models(SDMs)are widely used to predict the geographical distribution of habitat suitability and species *** muscatellum is one of the three mousetailed bats(Rhinopomatidae)inhabiting the southeastern,southern,and southwestern parts of Iran and its distribution range to the interior and northern parts of Iran has been limited by the Elburz and Zagros *** study the effect of climate change on this species,range shifts and coverage of protected regions,74 presence points and environmental variables(climate,topography,anthropogenic,and vegetation)in MaxEnt software were *** the implementation of the model,the autocorrelation of the presence points was reduced and the selection of pseudo absent points was limited by using the bias *** variables were prepared for Mid-Holocene,Current,Climate Current,and Future scenarios in 2070(RCP2.6,RCP4.5,RCP6,and RCP8.5).In order to evaluate the overlap of ecological niche,the Schoener’s D and I statistic metrics were ***,to measure the breadth of the niches,B1(inverse concentration)and B2(uncertainty)metrics in ENMTOOLS software were *** statistics were used as a *** distribution trend changes in climatic scenarios were performed by the Mann Kendall(MK)*** on the results,the AUC values for current and future climate models were calculated to be 0.89 a

关键词： Chiroptera Rhinopoma muscatellum Zagros Mountains Climatic changes MaxEnt Iran

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Experimental investigation and flow analysis of clear-water scour around pier and abutment in proximity

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Water Science and Engineering 2023年第1期16卷 94-105页

作者： Mohammad Saeed Fakhimjoo Abdollah Ardeshir Kourosh Behzadian Hojat karami Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Amirkabir University of TechnologyTehran 15875-4413Iran School of Computing and Engineering University of West LondonLondon W55RFUK Department of Civil Engineering Semnan UniversitySemnan 35131-19111Iran

Local scour around bridge piers and abutments is one of the most significant causes of bridge *** a plethora of studies on scour around individual bridge piers or abutments,few studies have focused on the joint impact of a pier and an abutment in proximity to one another on *** study conducted laboratory experiments and flow analyses to examine the interaction of piers and abutments and their effect on clear-water *** experiments were conducted in a rectangular laboratory *** included 18 main tests(with a combination of different types of piers and abutments)and five control tests(with individual piers or abutments).Three pier types(a rectangular pier with a rounded edge,a group of three cylindrical piers,and a single cylindrical pier)and two abutment types(a wingewall abutment and a semicircular abutment)were *** acoustic Doppler velocimeter was used to measure the three-dimensional flow velocity for analyses of streamline,velocity magnitude,vertical velocity,and bed shear *** results showed that the velocity near the pier and abutment increased by up to 80%.The maximum scour depth around the abutment increased by up to 19%.In contrast,the maximum scour depth around the pier increased significantly by up to l71%.The presence of the pier in the vicinity of the abutment led to an increase in the scour hole volume by up to 87%relative to the case with a solitary *** equations were also derived to accurately estimate the maximum scour depth at the pier adjacent to the abutment.

关键词： Abutment ADV Bridge scour Laboratory experiment Maximum scour depth Pier

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Simulation of flow pattern at rectangular lateral intake with different dike and submerged vane scenarios

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Water Science and Engineering 2017年第3期10卷 246-255页

作者： Hojat karami Saeed Farzin Mohammad Tavakol Sadrabadi Hasan Moazeni Faculty of Civil Engineering Semnan University School of Water Sciences Engineering Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz

A comprehensive understanding of the sediment behavior at the entrance of diversion channels requires complete knowledge of threedimensional(3 D) flow behavior around such structures. Dikes and submerged vanes are typical structures used to control sediment entrainment in the diversion channel. In this study, a 3 D computational fluid dynamic(CFD) code was calibrated with experimental data and used to evaluate flow patterns, the diversion ratio of discharge, the strength of secondary flow, and dimensions of the vortex inside the channel in various dike and submerged vane installation scenarios. Results show that the diversion ratio of discharge in the diversion channel is dependent on the width of the flow separation plate in the main channel. A dike perpendicular to the flow with a narrowing ratio of 0.20 doubles the ratio of diverted discharge in addition to reducing suspended sediment input to the basin, compared with a no-dike situation, by creating the outer arch conditions. A further increase in the narrowing ratio decreases the diverted discharge. In addition, increasing the longitudinal distance between consecutive vanes(Ls) increases the velocity gradient between the vanes and leads to a more severe erosion of the bed, near the vanes.

关键词： Three-dimensional simulation Computational fluid dynamics Submerged vanes Dike Side and vortex flow

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Different effects of L-arginine on morphine tolerance in sham and ovariectomized female mice

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2011年第12期12卷 1016-1023页

作者： Reza karami Mahmoud HOSSEINI Fatimeh KHODABANDEHLOO Leila KHATAMI Zahra TAIARANI Neuroscience Research Center and Department of Physiology School of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants Department of PhysiologySchool of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran

Objective:The roles of gonadal hormones and nitric oxide(NO) on the analgesic effects of morphine,tolerance to morphine,and their interactions have been widely *** the present study,the effect of L-arginine(an NO precursor) on morphine tolerance in sham and ovariectomized(OVX) female mice was ***:Forty mice were divided into sham and OVX *** the first day,a hot plate test((55±0.2) °C;cut-off 30 s) was carried out as a base record 15 min before injection of morphine(10 mg/kg,subcutaneously(s.c.)) and was repeated every 15 min after *** sham group was then divided into two subgroups:sham-tolerance-L-arginine(Sham-Tol-LA) and sham-tolerance-saline(Sham-Tol-Sal) which received either L-arginine 50 mg/kg(intraperitoneally(i.p.)) or saline 10 ml/kg(i.p.),respectively,three times in a day for three consecutive *** tolerance was induced in animals by injecting 30 mg/kg morphine(s.c.) three times/day for three *** treatment was also used for OVX *** the fifth day,the hot plate test was *** analgesic effect of morphine was calculated as the maximal percent effect(MPE).The results were compared using repeated measure analysis of variance(ANOVA).Results:There was no significant difference in MPE between the OVX and sham *** MPEs in both the Sham-Tol-Sal and OVX-Tol-Sal groups were lower than those in both the sham and OVX groups(P<0.01).The MPE in the OVX-Tol-Sal group was greater than that in the Sham-Tol-Sal group(P<0.01).The MPE in the Sham-Tol-LA group was higher than that in the Sham-Tol-Sal group(P<0.01).However,there was no significant difference between the Sham-Tol-LA and sham groups or between the OVX-Tol-LA and OVX-Tol-Sal ***:The results of the present study showed that repeated administration of morphine causes tolerance to the analgesic effect of morphine.L-Arginine could prevent tolerance to morphine but its effect was different in the presence of ovarian hormones

关键词： L-Arginine Ovariectomized mice Morphine Tolerance

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An environmentally friendly synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives catalyzed by tungstate sulfuric acid

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2014年第12期25卷 1580-1582页

作者： Mahnaz Farahi Bahador karami Iman Sedighimehr Hamideh Mohamadi Tanuraghaj Department of Chemistry Yasouj UniversityYasouj 75918-74831Iran

An efficient three-component synthesis of 6-amino-4-aryl-5-cyano-3-metriyl-1-phenyl-1,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles via a reaction between 3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one,aromatic aldehydes and malononitrile using tungstate sulfuric acid as a catalyst was *** conditions,good to excellent yields,easily available catalyst and easy work-up are the key features of this method.

关键词： 6-Amino-4-aryl-5-cyano-3-methyl-1phenyl-1 4-dihydropyrano[2.3-c]pyrazoles 3-Methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one Aromatic aldehyde Malononitrile Tungstate sulfuric acid

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Brain tissue segmentation based on spatial information fusion by Dempster-Shafer theory

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science C(Computers and Electronics) 2012年第7期13卷 520-533页

作者： Jamal GHASEMI Mohammad Reza karami MOLLAEI Reza GHADERI Ali HOJJATOLESLAMI Signal Processing Laboratory Faculty of Electrical and Computer EngineeringBabol University of TechnologyP.O.Box 484BabolIran School of Computing University of KentCanterbury CT2 7PDUK

As a result of noise and intensity non-uniformity,automatic segmentation of brain tissue in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a challenging *** this study a novel brain MRI segmentation approach is presented which employs Dempster-Shafer theory (DST) to perform information *** the proposed method,fuzzy c-mean (FCM) is applied to separate features and then the outputs of FCM are interpreted as basic belief *** salient aspect of this paper is the interpretation of each FCM output as a belief structure with particular focal *** results of the proposed method are evaluated using Dice similarity and Accuracy *** and quantitative comparisons show that our method performs better and is more robust than the existing method.

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging (MR/) Segmentation Fuzzy c-mean (FCM) Dempster-Shafer theory (DST)

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