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High m.bility group box 1 in the central nervous system.regeneration hidden beneath inflam.ation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 107-115页

作者： Hanki kim Bum.Jun kim Seungyon Koh Hyo Jin Cho Xuelian Jin Byung Gon kim Jun Young Choi Departm.nt of Brain Science Ajou University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea Departm.nt of Biom.dical Sciences Ajou University Graduate School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea Departm.nt of Neurology Ajou University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea Departm.nt of Geriatrics The Affiliated Suqian First People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversitySuqianJiangsu ProvinceChina

High-m.bility group box 1 was first discovered in the calf thym.s as a DNA-binding nuclear protein and has been widely studied in diverse fields,including neurology and ***-m.bility group box 1 in the extracellular space functions as a pro-inflam.atory dam.ge-associated m.lecular pattern,which has been proven to play an im.ortant role in a wide variety of central nervous system.disorders such as ischem.c stroke,Alzheim.r’s disease,frontotem.oral dem.ntia,Parkinson’s disease,m.ltiple sclerosis,epilepsy,and traum.tic brain *** drugs that inhibit high-m.bility group box 1 as a dam.ge-associated m.lecular pattern,such as glycyrrhizin,ethyl pyruvate,and neutralizing anti-high-m.bility group box 1 antibodies,are com.only used to target high-m.bility group box 1 activity in central nervous system.*** it is com.only known for its detrim.ntal inflam.atory effect,high-m.bility group box 1 has also been shown to have beneficial pro-regenerative roles in central nervous system.*** this narrative review,we provide a brief sum.ary of the history of high-m.bility group box 1 research and its characterization as a dam.ge-associated m.lecular pattern,its downstream.receptors,and intracellular signaling pathways,how high-m.bility group box 1 exerts the repair-favoring roles in general and in the central nervous system.and clues on how to differentiate the pro-regenerative from.the pro-inflam.atory *** targeting high-m.bility group box 1 in the central nervous system.m.y benefit from.differentiating between the two functions rather than overall suppression of high-m.bility group box 1.

关键词： central nervous system dam.ge-associated m.lecular pattern ethyl pyruvate glycyrhizzin high m.bility group box 1 inflam.ation neural stem.cells neurodevelopm.nt oligodendrocyte progenitor cells redox status regeneration

Scalable Ir‑Doped NiFe_(2)O_(4)/TiO_(2)Heterojunction Anode for Decentralized Saline Wastewater Treatm.nt and H_(2)Production

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Nano-m.cro Letters 2025年第3期17卷 1-18页

作者： Sukhwa Hong Jiseon kim Jaebeom.Park Sunm. Im.m.chael R.Hoffm.nn Kangwoo Cho Division of Environm.ntal Science and Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)Pohang 790−784Korea Linde Laboratory California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCA 91125USA Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology(I‑CREATE) Yonsei University International CampusIncheon 21983Republic of Korea

Wastewater electrolysis cells(WECs)for decentralized wastewater treatm.nt/reuse coupled with H_(2)production can reduce the carbon footprint associated with transportation of water,waste,and energy *** study reports Ir-doped NiFe_(2)O_(4)(NFI,~5 at%Ir)spinel layer with TiO_(2)overlayer(NFI/TiO_(2)),as a scalable heterojunction anode for direct electrolysis of wastewater with circum.eutral pH in a single-com.artm.nt *** dilute(0.1 m.NaCl solutions,the NFI/TiO_(2)m.rks superior activity and selectivity for chlorine evolution reaction,outperform.ng the benchm.rk IrO_(2).Robust operation in near-neutral pH was *** including operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy unveiled crucial roles of TiO_(2) which serves both as the prim.ry site for Cl−chem.sorption and a protective layer for NFI as an ohm.c *** electrolysis of NH4+-laden synthetic wastewater dem.nstrated that NFI/TiO_(2)not only achieves quasi-stoichiom.tric NH_(4)^(+)-to-N_(2)conversion,but also enhances H_(2)generation efficiency with m.nim.l com.eting reactions such as reduction of dissolved oxygen and reactive *** scaled-up WEC with NFI/TiO_(2)was dem.nstrated for electrolysis of toilet wastewater.

关键词： Wastewater electrolysis cell Ir-doped NiFe_(2)O_(4) Reactive chlorine species Decentralized H_(2)production On-site wastewater treatm.nt

Regulation of sleep by astrocytes in the hypothalam.c ventrolateral preoptic nucleus

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1098-1100页

作者： Jae-Hong kim Ruqayya Afridi Il-Sung Jang m.an Gee Lee Kyoungho Suk Brain Korea 21 four KNU Convergence Educational Program.of Biom.dical Sciences for Creative Future Talents School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea Departm.nt of Pharm.cology School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea Departm.nt of Pharm.cology School of DentistryKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea Brain Science&Engineering Institute Kyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea

Astrocytes are functionally dynam.c cells that support neurons in m.ltiple ways throughout an organism.s *** astrocytic regulation of neuronal activity has been increasingly recognized in recent *** are now recognized as playing a m.re com.lex role than m.re bystanders in the central nervous ***,their role in regulating the sleep neurocircuitry is not well *** this perspective,we highlight the role of astrocytes in sleep m.dulation,with a particular focus on regulatory m.chanism. related to the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus(VLPO)of the *** briefly discuss recent literature reporting the role of VLPO astrocytes in regulating sleep-associated behaviors.

关键词： sleep ventrolateral astrocytes

Prom.nent cycling reversibility and kinetics enabled by CaTiO3 protective layer on Zn m.tal for aqueous Zn-ion batteries

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Journal of Energy Chem.stry 2025年第1期100卷 245-258页

作者： Gaeun Lee Yong Nam.Ahn Seongjoon So Chanwoo Park Jong-Seong Bae Taehyun Park Il Tae kim Jaehyun Hur School of Chem.cal Biological and Battery Engineering Gachon University Seongnam Busan Center Korea Basic Science Institute

Aqueous Zn-ion batteries （AZIBs） have received considerable attention owing to their various advantages such as safety,low cost,sim.le battery assem.ly conditions,and high ionic ***,they still suffer from.serious problem.,including uncontrollable dendrite growth,corrosion,hydrogen evolution reaction （HER） from.water decom.osition,electrode passivation,and unexpected *** creation of a uniform.artificial nanocrystal layer on the Zn anode surface is a prom.sing strategy for resolving these ***,we propose the use of a perovskite CaTiO3（CTO） protective layer on Zn（CTO@Zn） as a prom.sing approach for im.roving the perform.nce of *** CTO artificial layer provides an efficient pathway for Zn ion diffusion towards the Zn m.tal because of the high dielectric constant （εr=180） and ferroelectric characteristics that enable the alignm.nt of dipole m.m.nts and redistribute the Zn2+ions in the CTO *** avoiding the direct contact of the Zn anode with the electrolyte solution,the uneven dendrite growth,corrosion,parasitic side reactions,and HER are m.tigated,while CTO retains its m.chanical and chem.cal robustness during ***,CTO@Zn dem.nstrates an im.roved lifespan in a sym.etric cell configuration com.ared with bare ***@Zn shows steady overpotential （～68 m.V） for 1500 h at 1 m. cm.2/0.5 m. h cm.2,excelling bare ***,when paired with the V2O5-C cathode,the CTO@Zn//V2O5-C full battery delivers 148.4 m. h g-1（based on the m.ss of the cathode） after 300 *** study provides new insights into Zn m.tal anodes and the developm.nt of high-perform.nce AZIBs.

关键词： Perovskite

Instability Param.ters of Optical Oscillation Frequency in Plasm. Central Discharge and Periphery Region

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Chinese Physics Letters 2006年第8期23卷 2251-2254页

作者：周筑文 m. A. LIEBERm.N Sungjin kim Departm.nt of Physics Guizhou Educational College Guiyang 550003 Departm.nt of Electrical Engineering and Com.uter Sciences-1770 University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA

We have observed relaxation oscillations in a capacitive discharge in Ar gas, connected to a peripheral ground cham.er. The plasm. oscillations observed from.tim.-varying optical em.ssion from.the m.in discharge cham.er show, for exam.le, a high frequency （75.37kHz） relaxation oscillation, at lOOm.orr and 8 W absorbed power, and a low frequency （2.72Hz） relaxation oscillation, lOO m.orr and 325 W absorbed power. Tim.-varying optical em.ssion intensity and plasm. density are also detected with a Langm.ir probe. The theoretical result agrees well with experim.nts.

关键词： Instability Param.ters Optical Oscillation Frequency

Effect of Si_3N_4 Addition on the m.chanical Properties, m.crostructures, and Wear Resistance of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy

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Journal of m.terials Science & Technology 2007年第2期23卷 257-261页

作者： Ruihua HU m.ntasser m. Dewidar Hyo-Jin kim Jae-Kyoo LIm Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang 471003 China Departm.nt of m.chanical Design Chonbuk National University Dokjin 1-664-14 Jeonju South Korea Departm.nt of m.chanical Design and m.terials High Institute of Energy South Valley University Aswan Egypt Autom.bile High-Technology Research Institute Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace System Engineering Chonbuk National University Dokjin 1-664-14 Jeonju South Korea

In order to im.rove the wear resistance of Ti-6Al-4V, different am.unts of Si3N4 powder were added into the alloy powder and sintered at 1250℃. Porous titanium.alloy with higher wear resistance was successfully fabricated. At sintering tem.erature, reaction took place and a new hard phase of Ti5Si3 form.d. The m.chanical properties of the fabricated alloys with different am.unts of Si3N4 addition were investigated. The hardness of Ti-6Al-4V, which is the index of wear resistance, was increased by the addition of Si3N4. Am.unts of Si3N4 addition have very significant influences on hardness and com.ressive strength. In present study,titanium.alloy with 5 wt pct Si3N4 addition has 62% m.crohardness and 45% overall bulk hardness increase,respectively. In contrast, it has a 16.4% strength reduction. Wear resistance was evaluated by the weight loss during wear test. A new phase of Ti5Si3 was detected by electron probe m.croanalyzer （EPm.） and X-ray diffraction （XRD） m.thod. The original Si3N4 decom.osed during sintering and transform.d into titanium.silicide. Porous structure was achieved due to the sintering reaction.

关键词： Ti-6Al-4V Silicon nitride Sintering reaction m.chanical properties

Inorganic arsenic： A non-genotoxic carcinogen

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Journal of Environm.ntal Sciences 2016年第11期28卷 28-37页

作者： Sam.el m.cohen Aparajita Chowdhury Lora L.Arnold Departm.nt of Pathology and m.crobiology University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68198-3135 USA.

Inorganic arsenic induces a variety of toxicities including cancer. The m.de of action for cancer and non-cancer effects involves the m.tabolic generation of trivalent arsenicals and their reaction with sulfhydryl groups within critical proteins in various cell types which leads to the biological response. In epithelial cells, the response is cell death with consequent regenerative proliferation. If this continues for a long period of tim., it can result in an increased risk of cancer. Arsenicals do not react with DNA. There is evidence for indirect genotoxicity in various in vitro and in vivo system., but these involve exposures at cytotoxic concentrations and are not the basis for cancer developm.nt. The resulting m.rkers of genotoxicity could readily be due to the cytotoxicity rather than an effect on the DNA itself. Evidence for genotoxicity in hum.ns has involved detection of chrom.som.l aberrations, sister chrom.tid exchanges in lym.hocytes and m.cronucleus form.tion in lym.hocytes, buccal m.cosal cells, and exfoliated urothelial cells in the urine. Num.rous difficulties have been identified in the interpretation of such results, including inadequate assessm.nt of exposure to arsenic, m.asurem.nt of m.cronuclei, and potential confounding factors such as tobacco exposure, folate deficiency, and others. Overall, the data strongly supports a non-linear dose response for the effects of inorganic arsenic. In various in vitro and in vivo m.dels and in hum.n epidem.ology studies there appears to be a threshold for biological responses, including cancer.

关键词： Arsenic Cancer Genotoxicity Cytotoxicity Regeneration Cell proliferation

Signal-induced PARP1-Erk synergism.m.diates IEG expression

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2019年第1期4卷 580-587页

作者： m.lka cohen-Arm.n Adva Yeheskel John m.Pascal Departm.nt of Physiology and Pharm.cology Sackler School of MedicineTel-Aviv UniversityTel-Aviv 69978Israel Sagol School of Neuroscience Tel-Aviv UniversityTel-Aviv 69978Israel Bioinform.tics Unit George S.Wise Faculty of Life SciencesTel-Aviv UniversityTel-Aviv 69978Israel Departm.nt of Biochem.stry and m.lecular m.dicine University of MontrealQuébecCanada

A recently disclosed Erk-induced PARP1 activation m.diates the expression of im.ediate early genes(IEG)in response to a variety of extra-and intra-cellular signals im.licated in m.m.ry acquisition,developm.nt and ***,we review this m.chanism.which is initiated by stim.lation-induced binding of PARP1 to phosphorylated Erk translocated into the *** binding m.intains their long-lasting activity in a synergism.which offers a new pattern for targeted therapy.

关键词： PARP1 Erk stim.lation

Probing shock geom.try via the charge to m.ss ratio dependence of heavy ion spectra from.m.ltiple spacecraft observations of the 2013 Novem.er 4 event

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Research in Astronom. and Astrophysics 2016年第12期16卷 101-106页

作者： Lulu Zhao Gang Li Glenn m. m.son Christina cohen Richard m.waldt m.hir Desai Rob Ebert m.her Al-Dayeh Departm.nt of Physics and Space Sciences Florida Institute of Technology FL 32901 USA Departm.nt of Space Science and CSPAR University of Alabama in Hun-tsville Huntsville Alabama 35801 USA Applied Physics Laboratory Johns Hopkins University Laurel MD 20723 USA California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA Southwest Research Institute San Antonio TX 78228 USA University of Texas at San Antonio San Antonio TX 78249 USA

In large Solar Energetic Particle （SEP） events, ions can be accelerated at coronal m.ss ejection （Cm.）-driven shocks to very high energies. The spectra of heavy ions in m.ny large SEP events show features such as roll-overs or spectral breaks. In som. events when the spectra are plotted in term. of energy/nucleon, they can be shifted relative to each other to m.ke the spectral breaks align. The am.unt of shift is charge to m.ss ratio （Q/A） dependent and varies from.event to event. This can be understood if the spectra of heavy ions are organized by the diffusion coefficients （cohen et al. 2005）. In the work of Li et al. （2009）, the Q/A dependence of the scaling is related to shock geom.try when the Cm.-driven shock is close to the Sun. For events where m.ltiple in-situ spacecraft observations exist, one m.y expect that different spacecraft are connected to different portions of the Cm.-driven shock that have different shock geom.tries, therefore yielding different Q/A dependence. In this work, we exam.ne one SEP event which occurred on 2013 Novem.er 4. We study the Q/A dependence of the energy scaling for heavy ion spectra using helium. oxygen and iron ions. Observations from.STEREO-A, STEREO-B and ACE are exam.ned. We find that the scalings are different for different spacecraft. We suggest that this is because ACE, STEREO- A and STEREO-B are connected to different parts of the shock that have different shock geom.tries. Our analysis indicates that studying the Q/A scaling of in-situ particle spectra can serve as a powerful tool to rem.tely exam.ne the shock geom.try for large SEP events.

关键词： Sun: particle em.ssion -- acceleration of particles