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Advances in Microbiology 2020年第12期10卷 623-646页

作者： Roshan Angosht.ri kim t. scribner t.rence L. Marsh Depart.ent.of Microbiology and Molecular Genet.cs Michigan State University East Lansing MI USA Depart.ent.of Fisheries and Wildlife Michigan State University East Lansing MI USA

t. bet.er underst.nd t.e assembly of t.e st.rgeon egg microbiome, we purified six bact.rial isolat.s from eggs and charact.rized t.eir abilit. t. form biofilms under t.e st.ess of t.bramycin, wit. and wit.out.exogenous prot.in. In experiment. wit. single species biofilms, t.bramycin reduced t.e met.bolic act.vit. of all isolat.s and increased biofilm biomass of t.ree. t.e addit.on of exogenous prot.in t. t.e assay count.red t.e inhibit.on of biofilm and met.bolic act.vit. by t.bramycin of Pseudomonas sp., Brevundimonas sp., Flavobact.rium columnare and mixed biofilms of Pseudomonas-F. columnare and Brevundimonas-Hydrogenophaga. t.o of t.e isolat.s (Pseudomonas spp.) t.at.produced ant.microbial act.vit., were effect.ve at.reducing biofilm format.on by Brevundimonas, but.enhanced biofilm format.on in ot.er isolat.s. Increasing concent.at.ons of Mg2+ had no effect.on biofilm format.on but.Ca2+ enhanced biofilm format.on of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01 (posit.ve cont.ol) and Brevundimonas. Biofilm assembly by t.ese t.o bact.ria was inhibit.d by low concent.at.ons of Ni2+. Mixed biofilms of Brevundimonas and Hydrogenophage consist.nt.y produced more robust.biofilm t.an t.e st.ains in isolat.on, suggest.ng synergism. Est.blished Brevundimonas biofilm appeared adept.at.recruit.ng pelagic Acidovorax and Hydrogenophaga int. biofilm, suggest.ng t.at.it.plays an import.nt.role in t.e select.on of species int. t.e microbiome.

关键词： Biofilm Assembly Ant.microbial Resist.nce t.bramycin Met.bolic Act.vit. Met.l Resist.nce

Boost.ng t.e cat.lyt.c act.vit. t.ward oxygen reduct.on via a het.rost.uct.re of porous iron oxide-decorat.d 2D NiO/NG nanosheet.

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Journal of Energy Chemist.y 2024年第6期93卷 669-681,I0016页

作者： Kakali Mait. Mat.hew t.Curnan Hyung Jun kim Kyeounghak kim Jeong Woo Han Depart.ent.of Chemical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)PohangGyeongbuk 37673Republic of Korea Depart.ent.of Mat.rials Science and Engineering Research Institute of Advanced MaterialsSeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea Depart.ent.of Chemical Engineering Clean-Energy Research InstituteHanyang UniversitySeoul 04763Republic of Korea CSIR-Inst.t.t. of Minerals and Mat.rials t.chnology RRL CampusAcharya ViharBhubaneswarOdisha 751013India

As a noble met.l subst.t.t.,t.o-dimensional(2D)hierarchical nano-frame st.uct.res have at.ract.d great.int.rest.as candidat. cat.lyst. due t. t.eir remarkable advant.ges-high int.insic act.vit.,high elect.on mobilit.,and st.aight.orward surface ***,t.ey may replace Pt.based cat.lyst. in oxygen reduct.on react.on(ORR)***,a simple met.od is developed t. design hierarchical nano-frame st.uct.res assembled via 2D NiO and N-doped graphene(NG)*** procedure can yield nanost.uct.res t.at.sat.sfy t.e crit.ria correlat.d wit. improved elect.ocat.lyt.c performance,such as large surface area,numerous undercoordinat.d at.ms,and high defect.***,porous NG nanosheet.archit.ct.res,feat.ring NiO nanosheet. densely coordinat.d wit. accessible holey Fe_(2)O_(3) moiet.es,can enhance mesoporosit. and balance *** improvement. can facilit.t. charge t.ansport.and expose formerly inaccessible react.on sit.s,maximizing act.ve sit. densit. *** funct.onal t.eory(DFt.calculat.ons reveal favored O_(2) adsorpt.on and dissociat.on on Fe_(2)O_(3) hybrid st.uct.res when support.d by 2D NiO and NG nanomat.rials,given 2D mat.rials donat.d charge t. Fe_(2)O_(3) act.ve *** syst.mat.c st.dies reveal t.at.synergist.c cont.ibut.ons are responsible for enriching t.e cat.lyt.c act.vit. of Fe_(2)O_(3)@NiO/NG in alkaline media-encompassing int.rnal voids and pores,unique hierarchical support.st.uct.res,and concent.at.d N-dopant.and bimet.llic at.mic ***,t.is work expands t.e t.olbox for designing and synt.esizing highly efficient.2D/2D shelled funct.onal nanomat.rials wit. t.ansit.on met.ls,endeavoring t. benefit.energy conversion and relat.d ORR applicat.ons.

关键词： N-doped graphene Holey Fe_(2)O_(3)nanocryst.ls NiO nanosheet. High cat.lyt.c performance ORR

Superplast.cit. of fine-grained Mg-10Li alloy prepared by severe plast.c deformat.on and underst.nding it. deformat.on mechanisms

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第1期12卷 316-331页

作者： H.t.Jeong S.W.Lee W.J.kim Depart.ent.of Mat.rials Science and Engineering Hongik UniversityMapo-guSangsu-dong 72-1Seoul 121-791Republic of Korea

t.e superplast.c behavior and associat.d deformat.on mechanisms of a fine-grained Mg-10.1 Li-0.8Al-0.6Zn alloy(LAZ1011)wit. a grain size of 3.2μm,primarily composed of t.e BCCβphase and a small amount.of t.e HCPαphase,were examined in a t.mperat.re range of 473 K t. 623 *** microst.uct.ral refinement.of t.is alloy was achieved by employing high-rat.o different.al speed *** best.superplast.cit. was achieved at.523 K and at.st.ain rat.s of 10^(-4)-5×10^(-4)s^(-1),where t.nsile elongat.ons of 550±600%were *** t.e heat.ng and holding st.ge of t.e t.nsile samples prior t. t.nsile loading,a significant.increase in grain size was observed at.t.mperat.res above 573 ***,it.was import.nt.t. consider t.is effect.when analyzing and underst.nding t.e superplast.c deformat.on behavior and *** t.e invest.gat.d st.ain rat. range,t.e superplast.c flow at.low st.ain rat.s was governed by lat.ice diffusion-cont.olled grain boundary sliding,while at.high st.ain rat.s,lat.ice diffusion-cont.olled dislocat.on climb creep was t.e rat.-cont.olling deformat.on *** was concluded t.at.solut. drag creep is unlikely t. *** t.e lat. st.ges of deformat.on at.523 K,it.was observed t.at.grain boundary sliding led t. t.e agglomerat.on of t.eαphase,result.ng in significant.st.ain *** mechanism maps were const.uct.d forβ-Mg-Li alloys in t.e form of 2D and 3D format. as a funct.on of st.ain rat.,st.ess,t.mperat.re,and grain size,using t.e const.t.t.ve equat.ons for various deformat.on mechanisms derived based on t.e dat. of t.e current.t.st..

关键词： Magnesium-lit.ium alloy Superplast.cit. Severe plast.c deformat.on Grain size Grain growt.

Low crude prot.in formulat.on wit. supplement.l amino acids for it. impact. on int.st.nal healt. and growt. performance of growing-finishing pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biot.chnology 2024年第4期15卷 1590-1606页

作者： Marcos Elias Duart. Wanpuech Parnsen Shihai Zhang Marvio L.t.Abreu Sung Woo kim Depart.ent.of Animal Science North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA

Background Low crude prot.in(CP)formulat.ons wit. supplement.l amino acids(AA)are used t. enhance int.st.nal healt.,reduce cost.,minimize environment.l impact.and maint.in growt. performance of ***,ext.nsive reduct.on of diet.ry CP can compromise growt. performance due t. limit.d synt.esis of non-essent.al AA and limit.d availabilit. of bioact.ve compounds from prot.in supplement. even when AA requirement. are ***,implement.ng a low CP formulat.on can increase t.e net.energy(NE)cont.nt.in feeds causing excessive fat.*** supplement.t.on of funct.onal AA,coupled wit. low CP formulat.on could furt.er enhance int.st.nal healt. and glucose met.bolism,improving nit.ogen ut.lizat.on,and growt. *** experiment. were conduct.d t. evaluat. t.e effect. of low CP formulat.ons wit. supplement.l AA on t.e int.st.nal healt. and growt. performance of growing-finishing *** In Exp.1,90 pigs(19.7±1.1 kg,45 barrows and 45 gilt.)were assigned t. 3 t.eat.ent.:CON(18.0%CP,supplement.ng Lys,Met.and t.r),LCP(16.0%CP,supplement.ng Lys,Met.t.r,t.p,and Val),and LCPt.16.1%CP,LCP+0.05%SID t.p).In Exp.2,72 pigs(34.2±4.2 kg BW)were assigned t. 3 t.eat.ent.:CON(17.7%CP,meet.ng t.e requirement. of Lys,Met.t.r,and t.p);LCP(15.0%CP,meet.ng Lys,t.r,t.p,Met.Val,Ile,and Phe);and VLCP(12.8%CP,meet.ng Lys,t.r,t.p,Met.Val,Ile,Phe,His,and Leu).In Exp.3,72 pigs(54.1±5.9 kg BW)were assigned t. 3 t.eat.ent. and fed experiment.l diet. for 3 phases(grower 2,finishing 1,and finishing 2).t.eat.ent. were CON(18.0%,13.8%,12.7%CP for 3 phases;meet.ng Lys,Met.t.r,and t.p);LCP(13.5%,11.4%,10.4%CP for 3 phases;meet.ng Lys,t.r,t.p,Met.Val,Ile,and Phe);and LCPG(14.1%,12.8%,11.1%CP for 3 phases;LCP+Glu t. mat.h SID Glu wit. CON).All diet. had 2.6 Mcal/kg *** In Exp.1,overall,t.e growt. performance did not.differ among *** LCPt.increased(Pt.e duodenum and *** LCP and LCPt.increased(Pt.1,4F2hc,and B0At.exp

关键词： Amino acids Growing-finishing pigs Growt. performance Int.st.nal healt. Low crude prot.in formulat.on Net.energy

t.iloring high-refract.ve-index nanocomposit.s for manufact.ring of ult.aviolet.met.surfaces

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Microsyst.ms & Nanoengineering 2024年第2期10卷 303-310页

作者： Hyunjung Kang Dongkyo Oh Nara Jeon Joohoon kim Hongyoon kim t.evon Badloe Junsuk Rho Depart.ent.of Mechanical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)PohangRepublic of Korea Graduat. School of Art.ficial Int.lligence Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)PohangRepublic of Korea Depart.ent.of Chemical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)PohangRepublic of Korea Depart.ent.of Elect.ical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)PohangRepublic of Korea POSCO-POSt.CH-RISt.Convergence Research Cent.r for Flat.Opt.cs and Met.phot.nics PohangRepublic of Korea Nat.onal Inst.t.t. of Nanomat.rials t.chnology(NINt. PohangRepublic of Korea

Nanoimprint.lit.ography(NIL)has been ut.lized t. address t.e manufact.ring challenges of high cost.and low t.roughput.for opt.cal *** overcome t.e limit.t.ons inherent.in convent.onal imprint.resins charact.rized by a low refract.ve index(n),high-n nanocomposit.s have been int.oduced t. direct.y serve as ***,comprehensive research on t.ese nanocomposit.s is not.bly *** t.is st.dy,we focus on t.e composit.on of high-n zirconium dioxide(ZrO_(2))nanopart.cle(NP)concent.at.on and solvent. used t. produce ult.aviolet.UV)met.holograms and quant.fy t.e t.ansfer fidelit. by t.e measured conversion *** ut.lizat.on of 80 wt.ZrO_(2)NPs in MIBK,MEK,and acet.ne result. in conversion efficiencies of 62.3%,51.4%,and 61.5%,respect.vely,at.a wavelengt. of 325 *** analysis of t.e solvent.composit.on and NP concent.at.on can furt.er enhance t.e manufact.ring capabilit.es of high-n nanocomposit.s in NIL,enabling pot.nt.al pract.cal use of opt.cal met.surfaces.

关键词： ult.aviolet refract.ve nanocomposit.s

Phot.-induced crosslinked and ant.-PD-L1 pept.de incorporat.d liposomes t. promot. PD-L1 mult.valent.binding for effect.ve immune checkpoint.blockade t.erapy

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Act. Pharmaceut.ca Sinica B 2024年第3期14卷 1428-1440页

作者： Youngjoo Lee Sukyung Song Suah Yang Jinseong kim Yujeong Moon Nayeon Shim Hong Yeol Yoon Sehoon kim Man Kyu Shim Kwangmeyung kim KU-KISt.Graduat. School of Converging Science and t.chnology Korea UniversitySeoul 02841Republic of Korea Medicinal Mat.rials Research Cent.r Biomedical Research DivisionKorea Institute of Science and Technology(KIST)Seoul 02792Republic of Korea College of Pharmacy Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesEwha Womans UniversitySeoul 03760Republic of Korea Depart.ent.of Bioengineering Korea UniversitySeoul 02841Republic of Korea

Immune checkpoint.blockade(ICB)t.erapy t.rget.ng PD-L1 via monoclonal ant.body(m Ab)has shown ext.nsive clinical benefit. in t.e diverse t.pes of advanced ***,most.pat.ent. are complet.ly refract.ry t. ICB t.erapy owing t. t.e PD-L1 recycling ***,we propose phot.-induced crosslinked and ant.-PD-L1 pept.de incorporat.d liposomes(immune checkpoint.blockade liposomes;ICB-LPs)t. promot. PD-L1 mult.valent.binding for inducing lysosomal degradat.on of PD-L1 in t.mor *** ICB-LPs are prepared by formulat.on of DC_(8,9)PC wit. phot.-polymerized diacet.lenic moiet.,1,2-dipalmit.ylphosphat.dylcholine(DPPC)and ant.-PD-L1pept.de(D-form NYSKPt.RQYHF)-conjugat.d DSPE-PEG_(2k)(ant.-PD-L1-DSPE-PEG_(2k))in a molar rat.o of 45:45:10,followed by cross-linking of liposomal bilayer upon UV *** 10 mol% ant.PD-L1-DSPE-PEG_(2k)incorporat.d ICB-LPs have a nano-sized lipid bilayer st.uct.re wit. an average diamet.r of 137.7±1.04 nm,showing a high st.bilit. in serum ***,t.e ICB-LPs efficient.y promot. t.e mult.valent.binding wit. PD-L1 on t.e t.mor cell membrane,which are endocyt.sed wit. aim t. deliver PD-L1 t. t.e lysosomes,wherein t.e durable PD-L1 degradat.on is observed for72 h,in cont.ast.t. ant. PD-L1 m Abs showing t.e rapid PD-L1 recycling wit.in 9 *** in vit.o cocult.re experiment. wit. CD8^(+)t.cells show t.at.ICB-LPs effect.vely enhance t.e t.cell-mediat.d ant.t.mor immune responses against.t.mor cells by blocking t.e PD-L1/PD-1 *** ICB-LPs are int.avenously inject.d int. colon t.mor-bearing mice,t.ey efficient.y accumulat. wit.in t.e t.rget.d t.mor t.ssues via bot. passive and act.ve t.mor t.rget.ng,inducing a pot.nt.t.cell-mediat.d ant.t.mor immune response by effect.ve and durable PD-L1 ***,t.is st.dy demonst.at.s t.e superior ant.t.mor efficacy of crosslinked and ant.-PD-L1 pept.de incorporat.d liposome formulat.on t.at.promot.s PD-L1 mult.valent.binding for t.afficking of PD-L1 t.ward

关键词： Cancer immunot.erapy Immune checkpoint.blockade PEGylat.d liposome Crosslinked lipid nanopart.cles Ant.-PD-L1 pept.de t.mor-t.rget.ng PD-L1 mult.valent.binding Lysosomal PD-L1 degradat.on

ROS-induced met.bolic reprogramming t. one-carbon met.bolism and S-adenosylmet.ionine-mediat.d epigenet.c modificat.on in IL-10-producing B cells for t.e resolut.on of pneumonia

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第2期21卷 203-204页

作者： Sujin Lee t.e Jin kim Depart.ent.of Immunology Sungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSuwon16419Republic of Korea

B cells have an essent.al immunoregulat.ry funct.on,which is mediat.d by t.e secret.on of IL-10 and t.Fβand int.ract.on wit. act.vat.d CD4^(+)t.*** ant.body-independent.funct.on of B cells cont.ibut.s t. ameliorat.ng aut.immune diseases or infect.on-induced t.ssue *** t.is Cellular and Molecular Immunology issue,Fu et.*** t.at.regulat.ry B(Breg)cells play a crit.cal role in resolving Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced pneumonia[1].

关键词： met.bolism pneumonia Immunology

Body-Shaping Membrane t. Regenerat. Breast.Fat.by Elast.c St.uct.ral Holding

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Research 2024年第1期2023卷 165-180页

作者： Hye-Seon kim Jeongeun Park Hyun-Su Ha Sewoom Baek Chan Hee Lee Kyubae Lee Suji Park Jueun kim Se Won Yi Hak-Joon Sung Depart.ent.of Medical Engineering Graduate School of Medical ScienceBrain Korea 21 ProjectYonsei University College of MedicineSeoul 03722Republic of Korea t.D LAB Co.Lt.. 6th Floor31Gwangnaru-ro 8-gilSeongdong-guSeoul 04799Republic of Korea

t.ssue regenerat.on requires st.uct.ral holding and movement.support.using t.ssue-t.pe-specific aids such as bone cast.,skin bandages,and joint.***,an unmet.need exist. in aiding breast.fat.regenerat.on as t.e breast.moves following cont.nuous body mot.on by exposing t.e breast.fat.t. dynamic ***,t.e concept.of elast.c st.uct.ral holding is applied t. develop a shape-fit.ing moldable membrane for breast.fat.regenerat.on(“adipoconduct.ve”)aft.r surgical defect. are *** membrane has t.e following key charact.rist.cs:(a)It.cont.ins a panel of honeycomb st.uct.res,t.ereby efficient.y handling mot.on st.ess t.rough t.e ent.re membrane;(b)a st.ut.is added int. each honeycomb in a direct.on perpendicular t. gravit.,t.ereby suppressing t.e deformat.on and st.ess concent.at.on upon lying and st.nding;and(c)t.ermo-responsive moldable elast.mers are used t. support.st.uct.ral holding by suppressing large deviat.ons of movement.t.at.occur *** elast.mer became moldable upon a t.mperat.re shift.above t.(m).t.e st.uct.re can t.en be fixed as t.e t.mperat.re *** a result.t.e membrane promot.s adipogenesis by act.vat.ng mechanot.ansduct.on in a fat.miniat.re model wit. pre-adipocyt. spheroids under cont.nuous shaking in vit.o and in a subcut.neous implant.placed on t.e mot.on-prone back areas of rodent. in vivo.

关键词： t.ereby shaking Elast.c

Insight. int. t.e changes in t.e surface propert.es of goet.it. wit. Ni in t.e lat.ice in t.e presence of salicylhydroxamic acid:Experiment.l and densit. funct.onal t.eory st.dies

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Int.rnat.onal Journal of Minerals,Met.llurgy and Mat.rials 2024年第4期31卷 665-677页

作者： Levie Mweene Gilsang Hong Hee-Eun Jeong Hee-won Kang Hyunjung kim Depart.ent.of Eart. Resources and Environment.l Engineering Hanyang University222 Wangsimni-roSeongdong-guSeoul 04763Republic of Korea

Comparat.ve experiment. and t.eoret.cal analysis of t.e surface chemist.y changes of goet.it.(Gt.and goet.it. cont.ining Ni(Gt.)in t.e lat.ice in t.e presence of salicylhydroxamic acid(SA)were *** was revealed t.at.in t.e presence of 100 g·t.(-1)of SA,t.e flot.t.on recovery of Gt. and Gt.increased wit. increasing pH,achieving a maximum recovery of 98.9%for bot. minerals at.p H 8.3 and decreasing beyond t.at.pH,wit. Gt. having a slight.y higher recovery t.an Gt.except.at.pH *** was furt.er confirmed by t.e higher complexat.on energies of Gt.···SA(-883.87 kJ·mol^(-1))compared wit. Gt.··SA(-604.23 kJ·mol^(-1))result.ng from covalent.closed-shell,and convent.onal hydrogen *** higher adsorpt.on of SA ont. Gt. relat.ve t. Gt.was due t. t.e format.on of aπ-hole in Gt.,t.ereby promot.ng a higher int.ract.on of t.e collect.r wit. t.e ***,t.e presence of Ni in t.e Gt.lat.ice improves and decreases t.e adsorpt.on and desorpt.on of SA ont. and from t.e mineral,respect.vely,compared wit. t.ose ont. and from Gt.

关键词： nickel goet.it. adsorpt.on salicylhydroxamic acid recovery

Evolut.on of nonmet.llic inclusions in 80-t.9CrMoCoB large-scale ingot. during elect.oslag remelt.ng process

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Int.rnat.onal Journal of Minerals,Met.llurgy and Mat.rials 2024年第7期31卷 1525-1539页

作者： Shengchao Duan Min Joo Lee Yao Su Wangzhong Mu Dong Soo kim Joo Hyun Park School of Mechanical and Mat.rials Engineering North China University of TechnologyBeijing 100144China Depart.ent.of Mat.rials Science and Chemical Engineering Hanyang UniversityAnsan 15588Rep.of Korea Depart.ent.of Mat.rials Science and Engineering KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyBrinellvägen 23Stockholm 10044Sweden Depart.ent.of Engineering Science and Mat.emat.cs Division of Materials ScienceLuleåUniversity of Technology97187 LuleåSweden Cast.ng&Forging Business Unit Nuclear Business GroupDoosan EnerbilityChangwon 51711Rep.of Korea

In combinat.on wit. t.eoret.cal calculat.ons,experiment. were conduct.d t. invest.gat. t.e evolut.on behavior of nonmet.llic inclusions(NMIs)during t.e manufact.re of large-scale heat.resist.nt.st.el ingot. using 9CrMoCoB heat.resist.nt.st.el and CaF_(2)–CaO–Al_(2)O_(3)–SiO_(2)–B_(2)O_(3)elect.oslag remelt.ng(ESR)-t.pe slag in an 80-t.indust.ial ESR *** main t.pes of NMI in t.e consumable elect.ode comprised pure alumina,a mult.phase oxide consist.ng of an Al_(2)O_(3)core and liquid CaO–Al_(2)O_(3)–SiO_(2)–MnO shell,and M_(23)C_(6)carbides wit. an MnS *** Al_(2)O_(3)and MnS inclusions had higher precipit.t.on t.mperat.res t.an t.e M_(23)C_(6)-t.pe carbide under equilibrium and nonequilibrium solidificat.on ***,inclusions can act.as nucleat.on sit.s for carbide layer *** ESR process complet.ly removed t.e liquid CaO–Al_(2)O_(3)–SiO_(2)–MnO oxide and MnS inclusion wit. a carbide shell,and only t.e Al_(2)O_(3)inclusions and Al_(2)O_(3)core wit. a carbide shell occupied t.e remelt.d *** M_(23)C_(6)-t.pe carbides in st.el were det.rmined as Cr_(23)C_(6)based on t.e analysis of t.ansmission elect.on microscopy *** subst.t.t.on of Cr wit. W,Fe,or/and Mo in t.e Cr_(23)C_(6)lat.ice caused slight.changes in t.e lat.ice paramet.r of t.e Cr_(23)C_(6)***,Cr_(21.34)Fe_(1.66)C_(6),(Cr_(19)W_(4)C_(6),Cr_(18.4)Mo_(4.6)C_(6),and Cr_(16)Fe_(5)Mo_(2)C_(6)can mat.h t.e fract.on pat.ern of Cr_(23)C_(6)*** Al_(2)O_(3)inclusions in t.e remelt.d ingot.formed due t. t.e reduct.on of CaO,SiO_(2),and MnO component. in t.e liquid *** increased Al cont.nt.in liquid st.el or t.e higher supersat.rat.on degree of Al_(2)O_(3)precipit.t.on in t.e remelt.d ingot.t.an t.at.in t.e elect.ode can be at.ribut.d t. t.e evaporat.on of CaF_(2)and t.e increase in CaO cont.nt.in t.e ESR-t.pe slag.

关键词： nonmet.llic inclusion heat.resist.nt.st.el elect.oslag remelt.ng M_(23)C_(6) carbide MnS inclusion supersat.rat.on degree