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Impacts of weaning weights and mycotoxin challenges on jejunal mucosa-associated microbiota,intestinal and s.s.emic health,and growth performance of nursery pigs

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Journal of Animal science and Biotechnology 2022年第5期13卷 1440-1457页

作者： D.M.Holanda s.W.kim Department of Animal science North Carolina State UniversityRaleigh 27695USA

Background:This.s.udy aimed at investigating the effects of mycotoxin challenge on the growth and physiology of nursery pigs with different weaning ***:At weaning,10 pigs were euthanized to collect jejunal mucosa and 90 pigs were assigned following a randomized complete block design in a 2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments with 3 pigs per *** were:weaning weight(light:body weight,BW9.0 kg);and dietary mycotoxins.s.pplementation of 0.2 mg/kg aflatoxins,2.0 mg/kg deoxynivalenol).All diets had titanium dioxide as an external marker at 0.5%.Growth performance and fecal score were recorded until pigs achieved 20 kg BW(light pigs average BW=21.1 kg and heavy pigs average BW=20.5 kg).Pigs were sampled for blood,ileal digesta,jejunal tissue and mucosa at 20 kg *** were analyzed using the mixed procedure of *** weaning,light pigs had decreased(Psed(Ps.s.factor-α,and increased(Psity indexes of jejunal mucosa-associated *** 20 kg of BW,light pigs had decreased(Ps decreased(Ps tended to have increased fecal score on d 0(P=0.080),d 10(P=0.069),and increased(Pscore at 20 *** decreased the apparent ileal digestibility of nitrogen(Ps had increased(Pstinal malondialdehydes and interleukin *** tended to increase(P=0.060)intestinal tumor necros.s.factor-α.Conclusions:Nursery pigs with light weaning weight were more s.s.eptible to jejunal inflammation and had impaired intestinal health due to weaning stress,whereas mycotoxins diminished the health and growth of nursery pigs regardless of weaning weight.

关键词： Growth Health Mycotoxins Nursery pig Weaning weight

Light-emitting MXene quantum dots

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Opto-Electronic Advances 2021年第3期4卷 25-44页

作者： Anir s.s.arbirin sophia Akhtar Jeongyong kim Department of Energy science Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon 16419Republic of Korea

MXene(M_(n+1)Xn)is an emerging class of layered two-dimensional(2D)materials,which are derived from their bulk-state MAX phase(M_(n+1)AXn,where M:early transition metal,A:group element 13 and 14,and X:carbon and/or nitrogen).MXenes have found wide-ranging applications in energy storage devices.s.nsors,catalys.s.*** to their high electronic conductivity and wide range of optical ***,the absence of semiconducting MXenes has limited their applications related to light *** has.s.own that quantum dots(QDs)derived from MXene(MQDs)not only retain the properties of the parent MXene but also demonstrate significant improvement on light emission and quantum yield(QY).The optical properties and photoluminescence(PL)emission mechanis.s.of these light-emitting MQDs have not been comprehensively ***,work on light-emitting MQDs has.s.own good progress,and MQDs exhibiting multi-color PL emission along with high QY have been *** synthes.s.methods also play a vital role in determining the light emission properties of these *** review provides an overview of light-emitting MQDs and their synthes.s.methods,optical properties,and applications in various optical,sensory,and imaging *** future prospects of light-emitting MQDs are also discussed to provide an insight that helps to further advance the progress on MQDs.

关键词： MXene quantum dots light emission MAX phase 2D materials

Identification of the Amplification Mechanism in the First Free-Electron Laser as Net stimulated Free-Electron Two-Quantum stark Emission

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Chinese Physics Letters 2009年第5期26卷 86-89页

作者： s. H. kim 6300 Roundrock Trail 4203 Plano Texas 75023 USA

We find that the electron phase with respect to the incident laser radiation must be random in the first freeelectron laser （FEL） and, hence, the incident laser radiation works as a relaxation force to keep a Maxwellian distribution. We formulate the threshold laser intensity for amplification which agrees with the measured value in the order of magnitude in the first FEL. The magnetic wiggler must produce an electric wiggler whose period is the same as that of the magnetic wiggler. We find that net stimulated free-electron two-quantum stark （FETQs） emission driven by this electric wiggler is the mechanism responsible for the measured gain and the measured laser intensity at the plateau in the first FEL.

关键词： gamma-ray bursts gamma-rays relativity

Evaluation of spermatogenes.s.and fertility in F1 male rats after in utero and neonatal exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2005年第2期7卷 189-194,页

作者： M.K.Chung s.J.Lee Y.B.kim s.C.Park D.H.shin s.H.kim J.C.kim Reproductive Toxicology Division Korea Institute of ToxicologyKorea Research Institute of Chemical TechnologyDaejeon 305-600Korea College of Veterinary Medicine Chungbuk National UniversityCheongju 361-763Korea College of Veterinary Medicine Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu 702-701Korea College of Veterinary Medicine Chonnam National UniversityGwangju 500-757Korea

Aim:To determine whether in utero and neonatal exposure to a 60 Hz extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (EMF) results in spermatotoxicity and reproductive dysfunction in the F1 offspring of ***:Age-matched, pregnant sprague-Dawley rats were exposed continuously (21 h/day) to a 60 Hz EMF at field strengths of 0 (sham control),5,83.3 or 500 μT from day 6 of gestation through to day 21 of *** experimentally generated magnetic field was monitored continuously (uninterrupted monitoring over the period of the study) throughout the ***:No exposure-related changes were found in exposed or sham-exposed animals with respect to the anogenital distance,preputial separation,testis weight,testicular histology,sperm count,daily sperm production, sperm motility,sperm morphology and reproductive capacity of F1 ***:Exposure of sprague- Dawley rats to a 60 Hz EMF at field strengths of up to 500 μT from day 6 of gestation to day 21 of lactation did not produce any detectable alterations in offspring spermatogenes.s.and fertility.

关键词： spermatogenesis electromagnetic fields prenatal exposure postnatal exposure rat

The processed C-terminus of AvrRps4 effector suppress.s.plant immunity via targeting multiple WRKYs

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第8期66卷 1769-1787页

作者： Quang-Minh Nguyen Arya Bagus Boedi Iswanto Hobin Kang Jiyun Moon Kieu Anh Thi Phan Geon Hui son Mi Chung suh Eui-Hwan Chung Walter Gassmann sang Hee kim Division of Applied Life science(BK21 Four Program) Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinju 52828Korea Department of Life science Sogang UniversitySeoul 04107Korea Department of Plant Biotechnology Korea UniversitySeoul 02841Korea Division of Plant science and Technology Christopher S.Bond Life Sciences Center and Interdisciplinary Plant GroupUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouri 65211USA Division of Life science and Research Institute of Molecular Alchemy Gyeongsang National UniversityJinju 52828Korea

Pathogens generate and secrete effector proteins to the host plant cells during pathogenes.s.to promote virulence and *** the plant carries res.s.ance(R)proteins that recognize pathogen effectors,effector-triggered immunity(ETI)is activated,resulting in a robust immune response and hypersensitive response(HR).The bipartite effector AvrRps4 from Pseudomonas.s.ringae *** has been well studied in terms of avirulence *** planta,AvrRps4 is processed into two *** Cterminal fragment of AvrRps4(AvrRps4^(C))induces HR in turnip and is recognized by the paired res.s.ance proteins AtRRs1/AtRPs4 in ***,we show that AvrRps4^(C)targets a group of Arabidops.s.WRKY,including WRKY46,WRKY53,WRKY54,and WRKY70,to induce its virulence ***,AvrRps4^(C)suppress.s.the general binding and transcriptional activities of immune-positive regulator WRKY54 and WRKY54-mediated ***4^(C)interferes with WRKY54's binding activity to target gene sARD1 in vitro,suggesting WRKY54 is.s.questered from the sARD1 promoter by AvrRps4^(C).Through the interaction of Avr Rps4^(C)with four WRKYs,AvrRps4 enhances the formation of homo-/heterotypic complexes of four WRKYs and sequesters them in the cytoplasm,thus inhibiting their function in plant ***,our results provide a detailed virulence mechanism of AvrRps4 through its C-terminus.

关键词： AvrRps4 bacterial effector effector-triggered immunity immune response suppression transcription factor WRKY

Phase Formation and Magnetic Properties of Nanocomposite Nd-Fe-B Adjusted by small Amount of Dy and Co

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Journal of Rare Earths 2004年第Z2期22卷 89-94页

作者： T s Jang T W Lim H s Aum D H Lee M B kim Division of Materials and Chemical Engineering Sun Moon UniversityKorea Division of Materials and Chemical EngineeringSun Moon UniversityKorea Division of Mechanical EngineeringSun Moon University 100 Kalsan LiTangjung MyonAsan CityChoongnam 336-708Korea Division of Materials and Chemical EngineeringSun Moon UniversityKorea Division of Materials and Chemical EngineeringSun Moon UniversityKorea

In order to improve and stabilize the magnetic properties of nanocomposite Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe magnetic alloys by a compositional adjustment, small amount of Dy and/or Co was added to Nd9Fe84B7 alloys. DTA analys.s.on the amorphous of the alloys took place as the soft magnetic phas.s.were crystallized, and then the hard magnetic Nd2Fe14B was precipitated from them. While α-Fe and a metastable 1:7 (TbCu7-type) phase were formed simultaneously in Dy and Co-free alloys, they were crystallized separately at different temperatures after Dy or Co was added. This phase separation occurred more clearly in the Dy-treated alloys and the other soft magnetic phase Fe3B was also stabilized by Dy and/or Co. The 1: 7 phase that was.s.abilized by Dy and/or Co was not eliminated at 700 ℃, decreasing magnetic properties of the alloys. It was eventually disappeared above 725 ℃, but Fe3B was not eliminated even at 750 ℃ when Dy was added more than 0.5 at% or Co was added more than 2.0 at%. Amount of Nd2Fe14B in the alloys tended to increase as Dy addition increased,whereas Co addition did not lead to any appreciable change in the ratio of α-Fe and Nd2Fe14B. Moreover, Dy addition apparently increased coercivity of an alloy while Co addition had a beneficial effect on remanence. The grains in the Dytreated alloys were usually finer than those in the Co-treated alloys. The grain size of both α-Fe and Nd2Fe14B in the alloys exhibiting mr ≥ 0.72 was in the range of 20 ～ 40 nm or even larger 50 nm, which is larger than the theoretical optimum size ( ～ 10 nm). Typical magnetic properties obtained from a Nd7.5Dy1.5Fe82.5Co1.5B7 alloy annealed for 12 min at 725 ℃were iHc=4.85 kOe, Br= 11.32 kG, (BH)max = 15.73 MGOe, and mr=0.73.

关键词： nanocomposite Nd-Fe-B magnetic properties remanence coercivity

Review of Cellulose smart Material: Biomass Conversion Process and Progress on Cellulose-Based Electroactive Paper

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2018年第1期6卷 1-25页

作者： s.H.Hassan Lee Hwei Voon T.s.Velayutham Lindong Zhai Hyun Chan kim Jaehwan kim Nanotechnology and Catalys.s.Research Center(NanoCat) Institute of Postgraduate StudiesUniversity of Malaya50603 Kuala LumpurMalaysia Low Dimensional Materials Research Center Department of PhysicsFaculty of ScienceUniversity of Malaya50603 Kuala LumpurMalaysia Department of Mechanical Engineering Inha UniversityIncheon 22212South Korea

Cellulose is a renewable biomass material and natural polymer which is abundantly available on Earth,and includes agricultural wastes,forestry residues,and woody *** excellent and smart characteristics of cellulose materials.s.ch as lightweight,biocompatibility,biodegradability,high mechanical strength/stiffness and low thermal expansibility,have made cellulose a highpotential material for various industry *** has recently been discovered as a smart material in the electroactive polymers family which carries the name of cellulose-based electroactive paper(EAPap).The shear piezoelectricity in cellulose polymers is able to induce large displacement output,low actuation voltage,and low power consumption in the application of biomimetic sensors/actuators and electromechanical *** present study provides an overview of biomass pretreatment from various lignocellulosic cellulose(LC)resources and nanocellulose production via TEMPO-mediated oxidation reaction,followed by the production of different types of EAPap vers.s.its performance,and lastly the applications of EAPap in different areas and ***,LC biomass cons.s.s mainly of cellulose having a small content of hemicellulos.s.and lignins which form a defensive inner structure against the degradation of plant cell ***,selective approaches are discussed to ensure proper extraction of cellulosic fibers from complex biomass for further minimization to *** addition,a comprehensive review of the development of cellulose-based EAPap as well as fabrication,characterization,performance enhancement and applications of EAPap devices are discussed herein.

关键词： Biomass pretreatment nanocellulose renewable materials smart materials actuators

Deformation heterogeneity of Ti under cryogenic channel-die compression

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Progress in Natural science:Materials International 2011年第4期21卷 277-285页

作者： K.H.kim s.K.HWANG Division of Materials.s.ience and Engineering Inha University

Commercial purity Ti was.s.bjected to channel die compression in liquid nitrogen for the purpose of studying its deformation characteristics from the viewpoint of the grain refinement induced by severe plastic *** specimens.s.owed microstructural heterogeneity in that the initial blocky grains of about 50 urn in size turned into a mixture of the easily deforming soft grains and the hard grains revealing local concentration of dislocations and deformation *** electron back scattered diffraction analys.s.the in-grain misorientation-axis distribution was.s.udied,from which it was found that the deformation heterogeneity resulted from the anisotropy of individual grains with respect to the compression die:while the soft grains were those oriented favorably for the prismslip,the hard ones were oriented for non-prism slips and deformation *** difference in the response of individual grains,therefore,led to a remarkable effect of the crystal texture of specimens on the maximum strain that can be imposed on specimens without *** on the present results,a way to achieve expedient grain refinement through the cryogenic plane-strain compression was.s.ggested.

关键词： titanium cryogenic deformation texture microstructure

Tensorial tomographic Fourier ptychography with applications to muscle tissue imaging

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Advanced Photonics 2024年第2期6卷 50-60页

作者： shiqi Xu Xi Yang Paul Ritter Xiang Dai Kyung Chul Lee Lucas Kreiss Kevin C.Zhou Kanghyun kim Amey Chaware Jadee Neff Carolyn Glass.s.ung Ah Lee Oliver Friedrich Roarke Horstmeyer Duke University DurhamNorth CarolinaUnited States Friedrich-Alexander University ErlangenGermany UC san Diego La JollaCaliforniaUnited States Yonsei University SeoulRepublic of Korea UC Berkeley BerkeleyCaliforniaUnited States Duke University Medical Center DurhamNorth CarolinaUnited States

We report tensorial tomographic Fourier ptychography(T^(2)oFu),a nonscanning label-free tomographic microscopy method for simultaneous imaging of quantitative phase and anisotropic specimen information in *** upon Fourier ptychography,a quantitative phase imaging technique,T^(2)oFu additionally highlights the vectorial nature of *** imaging setup cons.s.s of a standard microscope equipped with an LED matrix,a polarization generator,and a polarization-sensitive *** tensors of anisotropic samples are computationally recovered from polarized intensity measurements across three *** demonstrate T^(2)oFu’s efficiency through volumetric reconstructions of refractive index,birefringence,and orientation for various validation samples,as well as tissue samples from muscle fibers and diseased heart *** reconstructions of healthy muscle fibers reveal their 3D fine-filament structures with cons.s.ent ***,we demonstrate reconstructions of a heart tissue sample that carries important polarization information for detecting cardiac amyloidos.s.

关键词： computational imaging three-dimensional imaging phase retrieval microscopy polarization-sensitive imaging labelfree imaging