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Impact of Altitude and Land Use Type on Some Physical and Chemical Properties of Acidic Soils in Tsegede Highlands, Northern Ethiopia

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2012年第3期2卷 223-233页

作者： Abreha Kidanemariam Heluf Gebrekidan Tekalign Mamo kibebew kibret Haramaya University School of Natural Resource Management and Environmental Science Haramaya Ethiopia inistry of Agriculture and Rural Development Addis Ababa Ethiopia

A study was conducted in the Tsegede highlands of Tigray Region, northern Ethiopia to determine the changes in some physical and chemical attributes across three adjacent acidic soil sites with different elevation and three land use types. Analytical results of the collected surface layer soil samples showed significant (P ≤ 0.05) correlation of soil bulk density, OM and total N with elevation. In the lower elevation site (Indaslasie), soil OM content declined by about 43 and 52% compared with that of the two higher elevation sites (Cheguarcudo and Indamariam), respectively. Soil pH, exchangeable acidity, exchangeable Al, OM, total N and available phosphorus also exhibited significant (P ≤ 0.05) disparity across the three land use types of the area. Soils of the forest land were less acidic by 0.43 and 0.68 pH units than the cultivated and grazing lands, respectively. The soil OM content of the cultivated land was significantly lower by about 25 and 35% than the grazing and forest land soils, respectively. Available soil P status was low and showed significant correlations with pH (r = 0.65), exchangeable acidity (r = –0.58) and Al (r = –0.53). In general, the study results revealed altitude did not impose any significant effect in aggravating soil acidity whereas land use type affected significantly not only soil acidity but also the important soil fertility related parameters such as OM, total N and available P contents. Therefore, it can be suggested that besides to the usual acid soil management and/or reclamation practices, introducing proper land use management systems are of paramount importance.

关键词： Acidic Soil Altitude Variability Highland Land Use Type

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Treatment outcomes for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis under DOTS-Plus:a systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 51-58页

作者： Kelemu Tilahun kibret Yonatan Moges Peter Memiah Sibhatu Biadgilign Department of Public Health College of Medical and Health SciencesWollega UniversityP.O.Box 395NekemteEthiopia Department of Public Health College of Medical and Health SciencesHaramaya UniversityP.O.Box 135HararEthiopia College of Health Department of Public HealthUniversity of West FloridaFloridaUSA Public Health Research Consultant P.O.Box 24414Addis AbabaEthiopia

Background:Anti-tuberculosis drug resistance is a major public health problem that threatens the progress made in tuberculosis care and control *** success rates of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis(MDR-TB)is a key issue that cannot be *** is a paucity of evidence that assessed studies on the treatment of MDR-TB,which focus on the effectiveness of the directly observed treatment,short-course(DOTS)-Plus ***,it is crucial to assess and summarize the overall treatment outcomes for MDR-TB patients enrolled in the DOTS-Plus program in recent *** purpose of this study was to thus assess and summarize the available evidence for MDR-TB treatment outcomes under ***:A systematic review and meta-analysis of published literature was *** studies were identified using the databases MEDLINE®/PubMed®,Hinari,and Google *** across studies was assessed using the Cochran’s Q test and I2 *** estimates of treatment outcomes were computed using the random effect ***:Based on the 14 observational studies included in the meta-analysis,it was determined that 5047 patients reported treatment *** these,the pooled prevalence,63.5%(95%CI:58.4-68.5%)successfully completed full treatment(cured or treatment completed)with a pooled cure rate of 55.6%,whereas 12.6%(95%CI:9.0-16.2%)of the patients died,14.2%(95%CI:11.6-16.8%)defaulted from therapy,and 7.6%(95%CI:5.6-9.7%)failed *** 35.4%(95%CI:30-40.8%)of patients had unsuccessful treatment *** unsatisfactorily high percentage 43%(95%CI:32-54%)of unsuccessful treatment outcomes was observed among patients who were enrolled in standardized treatment ***:This study revealed that patients with MDR-TB exhibited a very low treatment success rate compared to the World Health Organization 2015 target of at least 75 to 90%.The high default rate observed by conducting this literature review could possibl

关键词： Tuberculosis Multidrug resistance DOTS-Plus Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis Treatment outcomes

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Prevalence and antibiogram of bacterial isolates from urinary tract infections at Dessie Health Research Laboratory,Ethiopia

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2014年第2期4卷 164-168页

作者： Mulugeta kibret Bayeh Abera Department of Biology Science CollegeBahir Dar UniversityP.O.Box 79 Bahir Dar.Ethiopia Department of Microbiology.Parasitology and Immunology.College of Medicine and Health Sciences Bahir Dar UniversityP.O.Box 79Bahir DarEthiopia

Objective:To determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria from suspected urinary tract ***:A retrospective analysis of Imcterial pathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility was done on urine samples at Dessic Regional Laboratory in the period 2003 to *** susceptibility tests were done using disc diffusion technique as per the standard of Kirby-Bauer ***:The male to female ratio of the patients was 1:*** the total 1404 samples..119(22.7%,were culture *** coli was the dominant isolate(63.6%) followed by Klebsiella spp.(8.5%) and Proteus spp.(8.2%).The overall resistance rates to erythromycin,amoxycillin,and tetracycline were 85.6%,88.9%and 76.7%,respectively,The three most frequently isolated bacteria had resistance rates of 80.1%-90.0%***,and tetracycline and sensitivity rates of 0to 25%to nitrofurantoin,ciprofloxacin and *** of isolates showed that 152i47.85%isolates were resistance to two and more ***:In the study area resistance rates to erythromycin,amoxycillin and tetracycline were *** most isolates were sensitive to nitrofurantoin and *** are considered as appropriate antimicrobials for empirical treatment urinary tract infections.

关键词： Antimicrobial resistance bacteria Ethiopia Uropathogens

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Current Status of Camel Dairy Processing and Technologies: A Review

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2020年第3期10卷 362-377页

作者： Alemnesh Yirda Mitiku Eshetu kibebew Babege Department of Animal Sciences Selale University Fitche Ethiopia School of Animal and Range Sciences Haramaya University Dire Dawa Ethiopia Department of Animal Production and Technology Kebri Dehar University Kebri Dehar Ethiopia

Camel milk is unique because it is not easily processed into different dairy products that are common for cow milk. It lacks β-lactoglobulin and has low κ-casein that hinders processing of camel milk into different dairy products. Hence it needs different processing methods and technologies. To this effect attempts were made to manufacture dairy products such as feta cheese, soft brined cheese, and fermented milk from camel milk that had been produced at laboratory level. Camel milk powder has also been manufactures and marketed in Middle East and beyond. Currently there are remarkable progresses in camel dairy technologies that paved the way for production of different camel dairy products at small, medium and large scale. A number of experiments were conducted on camel milk processing technologies from preservation of camel milk using lactoperoxidase system activation using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and thiocyanate as well as by H2O2 producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to metagenomic characterization of LAB isolated from spontaneously fermented camel milk. Therefore, this review paper is going to present current status of camel dairy technologies in Ethiopia.

关键词： Camel Milk Dairy Products Dairy Technology

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Hygienic Production Practices and Microbial Quality of Cow Milk in Cheha District of Gurage Zone, Southern Ethiopia

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2020年第3期10卷 592-607页

作者： kibebew Babege Mitiku Eshetu Firew Kassa Department of Animal Production and Technology Kebri Dehar University Kebri Dehar Ethiopia School of Animal and Range Sciences Haramaya University Dire Dawa Ethiopia Holetta Agricultural Research Center Ethiopia Institute of Agricultural Research Holetta Ethiopia

The aim of the study was to assess hygienic production practices and to evaluate microbial quality of raw cows’ milk in Cheha district of Gurage Zone, Southern Ethiopia. The study was conducted by interviewing 180 smallholder milk producers from two agro-ecologies (highland and midland) and by collecting 40 milk samples from milk producers, small shops, cafes and consumers for microbial quality analysis. The result indicated that majority of the respondents (96.7%) did not have cow barn and milking area, 57.3% of them clean their barn once and more than once a week. Moreover, milking without hand washing, absence of udder washing, failure to use towel to clean the udder, and use of plastic pail as milking equipment were practiced by 33.9%, 52.2%, 74.4% and 95.6% of the respondents, respectively. Furthermore, higher number of respondents (69.4%) used river water without proper treatment as a major source of water for cleaning purpose and majority of them fail to regularly clean utensils with detergents. Concerning microbial quality, overall mean total bacterial counts (TBC), Coliform counts (CC) and pH values of milk from current finding were 5.675 ± 0.016, 4.414 ± 0.017 log10 cfu/ml, and 5.963 ± 0.081, respectively. In general, overall quality of milk produced as well as marketed in the study area was poor. These were justified from poor hygienic practices and high values of TBC and CC that were significantly higher than the acceptable limits set by Ethiopian Standards for unpasteurized milk. Therefore, adequate sanitary and control measures should be taken at all stages from production to consumer level to produce and supply wholesome milk.

关键词： Cow Milk Hygienic Practices Microbial Quality

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Effects of environmental modification on the diversity and positivity of anopheline mosquito aquatic habitats at Arjo-Dedessa irrigation development site,Southwest Ethiopia

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2020年第1期9卷 98-98页

作者： Dawit Hawaria Assalif Demissew Solomon kibret Ming-Chieh Lee Delenasaw Yewhalaw Guiyun Yan Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Pathology Institute of HealthJimma UniversityJimmaEthiopia 不详 Tropical and Infectious Diseases Research Center(TIDRC) Jimma UniversityJimmaEthiopia

Background:Irrigated agriculture is key to increase agricultural productivity and ensure food security in ***,unintended negative public health impacts(***)of such environmental modification have been a *** study assessed the diversity and distribution of breeding habitats of malaria vector mosquitoes around Arjo-Dedessa irrigation development site in Southwest ***:Anopheline mosquito larvae were surveyed from two agroecosystems,‘irrigated’and‘non-irrigated’areas during the dry(December 2017–February 2018)and wet(June 2018–August 2018)*** habitat diversity and larval abundance were compared between the irrigated and non-irrigated *** association between anopheline mosquito larvae occurrence and environmental parameters was analysed using Pearson *** logistic regression analysis was used to determine primary parameters that influence the occurrence of anopheline ***:Overall,319 aquatic habitats were surveyed during the study *** 60%(n=152)of the habitats were positive for anopheline mosquito larvae,of which 63.8%(n=97)and 36.2%(n=55)were from irrigated and non-irrigated areas,*** number of anopheline positive habitats was two-fold higher in irrigated than non-irrigated *** larval abundance in the irrigated area was 16.6%higher than the non-irrigated ***’s chi-square analysis showed that season(χ2=63.122,df=1,P<0.001),agroecosystem(being irrigated or non-irrigated)(χ2=6.448,df=1,P=0.011),and turbidity(χ2=7.296,df=2,P=0.025)had a significant association with larval anopheline ***:The study showed a higher anopheline mosquito breeding habitat diversity,larval occurrence and abundance in the irrigated than non-irrigated areas in both dry and wet *** indicates that irrigation development activities contribute to proliferation of suitable mosquito breeding habitats that could increase the risk of malaria transmissi

关键词： Anopheline mosquito breeding Mosquito habitat Malaria Irrigation Ethiopia

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Trends and spatial distributions of HIV prevalence in Ethiopia

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2019年第5期8卷 95-95页

作者： Getiye Dejenu kibret Aster Ferede Cheru Tesema Leshargie Fasil Wagnew Daniel Bekele Ketema Animut Alebel College of Health Sciences Debre Markos UniversityDebre MarkosEthiopia 不详

Background:Globally,by the end of 2018,37.9 million people were living with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV).Sub-Saharan Africa carries the highest burden with an estimated 71%of the global *** Ethiopia,an estimated 715404 people were living with HIV in 2015 and this increased to 722248 in *** study was to explore the trends and spatial distributions of HIV cases in ***:In this study,we explored the spatial and temporal distribution of persons living with HIV in Ethiopia using data from 2005,2011,and 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys(EDHS).Geographic information system(Getis-Ord Gi*statistics)and spatial scan statistics(SaTScan)were used for exploratory and confirmatory spatial analyses ***:The overall prevalence of HIV in Ethiopia unveiled inconsistent trends,with the majority of areas showing decreasing *** spot clusters exhibited in all the three surveys,which include areas where Amhara,Afar and Tigray regions share *** 2005 regionally,Gambella,Addis Ababa,and Harari had the highest prevalence at 6.0,47 and 3.5%,*** in the 2016 survey the highest prevalence(4.8%)was observed in Gambella regional state followed by Addis Ababa(3.4%).Conclusions:The distribution of HIV infection in Ethiopia is not random in all the three EDHS *** clusters of HIV cases were consistently observed in Addis Ababa and neighbouring areas of the Afar Tigray and Amhara regional states and central *** analysis revealed that there are still areas which need studying with respect to the epidemic of *** this regard Addis Ababa,certain areas of Amhara regional state,large areas of Afar region and central Oromia require special attention.

关键词： Ethiopian demographic and health survey Cluster Human immunodeficiency virus Trend

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