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Evaluating Privacy Leakage and Memorization Attacks on Large Language Models (LLMs) in Generative AI Applications

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2024年第5期17卷 421-447页

作者： Harshvardhan Aditya Siddansh Chawla Gunika Dhingra Parijat Rai Saumil Sood Tanmay Singh Zeba mohsin Wase Arshdeep Bahga Vijay K. Madisetti School of Computer Science Engineering & Technology Bennett University Greater Noida India Cloudemy Technology Labs Chandigarh India School of Cybersecurity and Privacy Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta USA

The recent interest in the deployment of Generative AI applications that use large language models (LLMs) has brought to the forefront significant privacy concerns, notably the leakage of Personally Identifiable Information (PII) and other confidential or protected information that may have been memorized during training, specifically during a fine-tuning or customization process. We describe different black-box attacks from potential adversaries and study their impact on the amount and type of information that may be recovered from commonly used and deployed LLMs. Our research investigates the relationship between PII leakage, memorization, and factors such as model size, architecture, and the nature of attacks employed. The study utilizes two broad categories of attacks: PII leakage-focused attacks (auto-completion and extraction attacks) and memorization-focused attacks (various membership inference attacks). The findings from these investigations are quantified using an array of evaluative metrics, providing a detailed understanding of LLM vulnerabilities and the effectiveness of different attacks.

关键词： Large Language Models PII Leakage Privacy Memorization Overfitting Membership Inference Attack (MIA)

Is intra-operative cholangiography necessary during laparoscopic cholecystectomy? A multicentre rural experience from a developing world country

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第33期13卷 4493-4497页

作者： Iqbal Saleem Mir Mir mohsin Omar Kirmani Tafazul Majid khurshid Wani Mehmood-ul Hassan Javed Naqshbandi Mohammed Maqbool Minimal Access Surgery Unit Government Gousia Hospital Khanyar Kashmir 190010 India Department of Radiology Government Gousia Hospital Khanyar Kashmir 190010 India Anaesthesia Unit Government Gousia Hospital Khanyar Kashmir 190010 India

AIM: To evaluate the feasibility and safety of performing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) in nonteaching rural hospitals of a developing country without intra-operative cholangiography (IOC). To evaluate the possibility of reduction of costs and hospital stay for patients undergoing ***: A prospective analysis of patients with symptomatic benign diseases of gall bladder undergoing LC in three non-teaching rural hospitals of Kashmir Valley from Jan 2001 to Jan 2007. The cohort represented a sample of patients requiring LC, aged 13 to 78 (mean 47.2) years. Main outcome parameters included mortality, complications, re-operation, conversion to open procedure without resorting to IOC, reduction in costs borne by the hospital, and the duration of hospital ***: Twelve hundred and sixty-seven patients (976 females/291 males) underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Twenty-three cases were converted to open procedures; 12 patients developed port site infection, nobody died because of the procedure. One patient had common bile duct (CBD) injury, 4 patients had biliary leak, and 4 patients had subcutaneous emphysema. One cholecystohepatic duct was detected and managed intraoperatively, 1 patient had retained CBD stones, while 1 patient had retained cystic duct stones. Incidental gallbladder malignancy was detected in 2 cases. No long-term complications were detected up to ***: LC can be performed safely even in non-teaching rural hospitals of a developing country provided proper equipment is available and the surgeons and other team members are well trained in the procedure. It is stressed that IOC is not essential to prevent biliary tract injuries and missed CBD stones. The costs to the patient and the hospital can be minimized by using reusable instruments, intracorporeal sutures, and condoms instead of titanium clips and endobags.

关键词： Laparoscopic cholecystectomy Intraoperative cholangiography

Simulation of the Galactic Cosmic Ray Shadow of the Sun

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Chinese Physics Letters 2017年第12期34卷 79-83页

作者： mohsin Saeed 查敏曹臻 Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Space Weather Chinese Academy of Sciences

The cosmic-ray particles of TeV-regime, outside the solar system are blocked in their way to the Earth, a deficit of particles is observed corresponding to the location of the Sun known as the Sun shadow. The center of the Sun shadow is shifted from its nominal position due to the presence of magnetic fields in interplanetary space,and this shift is used indirectly as a probe to study the solar magnetic field that is difficult to measure otherwise.A detailed Monte Carlo simulation of galactic cosmic-ray propagation in the Earth-Sun system is carried out to disentangle the cumulative effects of solar, interplanetary and geomagnetic fields. The shadowing effects and the displacements results of the Sun shadow in different solar activities are reproduced and discussed.

关键词： Simulation of the Galactic Cosmic Ray Shadow of the Sun LHAASO IMF

Violence study of healthcare workers and systems in the Caribbean:ViSHWaS-Caribbean study

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World Journal of Methodology 2024年第3期14卷 106-118页

作者： Reshon Hadmon Daniella Myriam Pierre Akshat Banga Jacques W Clerville Hans Mautong Precious Akinsanya Rajat Das Gupta Sama Soliman Tolupe M Hunjah Bamidele A Hunjah Hafeez Hamza Ruman khurshid Qasba Faisal A Nawaz Salim Surani Rahul Kashyap Department of Medicine St.George University School of MedicineGrenada FZ818West Indies Department of Research Global Remote Research Scholar ProgramSt PaulMN 55101United States Department of Public Health Cuny Graduate School of Public Health and Health PolicyNew YorkNY 10027United States Department of Internal Medicine Sawai Man Singh Medical CollegeJaipur 302004India School of Public Health Georgia State UniversityAtlantaGA 30302United States Department of Sociology and Demography School of HealthUniversidad de Especialidades Espiritu SantoSamborondon 092301Ecuador Department of Medicine Holy Name Medical CenterTeaneckNJ 07666United States Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of South CarolinaColumbiaSC 29208United States Department of Medicine Pavlov First State Medical University of St PetersburgSankt-Peterburg 197022Russia Department of Medicine University of SuffolkIpswich IP41QJUnited Kingdom Department of Medicine Unicaf University of ZambiaLusaka 20842Zambia Department of Pharmacy School of PharmacyGirne 99428Cyprus Department of Medicine Sher-i-KashmirInstitute of Medical ScienceSrinagar 190011India Department of Psychiatry Al Amal Psychiatric HospitalEmirates Health ServicesDubaiUnited Arab Emirates Department of Medicine and Pharmacology Texas A and M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843United States Anesthesiology and Critical Care Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Department of Research Wellspan HealthYorkPA 17403United States

BACKGROUND Violence against healthcare workers(HCWs)in the Caribbean continues to prevail yet remains *** aim is to determine the cause,traits,and consequences of violence on HCWs in the *** To determine the cause,traits,and consequences of violence on HCWs in the *** This research adopted an online cross-sectional survey approach,spanning over eight weeks(between June 6th and August 9th,2022).The survey was generated using Research Electronic Data Capture forms and followed a snowballing strategy to contact individuals using emails,social media,text messages,*** regression analysis was performed to evaluate the variables that influence violence,including gender,age,years of experience,institution type,and night shift *** The survey was completed by 225 *** comprised 61%.Over 51%of respondents belonged to the 21 to 35 age ***(n=61),Haiti(n=50),and Grenada(n=31)had the most *** HCWs(49%)worked for government academic institutions,followed by community hospitals(23%).Medical students(32%),followed by attending physicians(22%),and others(16%)comprised the most common cadre of *** 39%of the participants reported experiencing violence themselves,and 18%reported violence against colleague(s).Verbal violence(48%),emotional abuse(24%),and physical misconduct(14%)were the most common types of *** 63%of respondents identified patients or their relatives as the most frequent *** logistic regression analyses demonstrated that female gender(OR=2.08;95%CI:1.16-3.76,P=0.014)and higher frequency of night shifts(OR=2.22;95%CI:1.08-4.58,P=0.030)were associated with significantly higher odds of experiencing *** than 50%of HCWs felt less motivated and had decreased job satisfaction post-violent *** A large proportion of HCWS in the Caribbean are exposed to violence,yet the phenomenon remains *** a result,HCWs’job s

关键词： ViSHWaS Healthcare workers Violence Survey Workplace violence Caribbean Cross-sectional study

Three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics （volume of fluid） modelling coupled with a stochastic discrete phase model for the performance analysis of an invert trap experimentally validated using field sewer solids

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Particuology 2017年第4期15卷 98-111页

作者： Mohammad mohsin Deo Raj Kaushal Civil Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology Delhi New Delhi India

Invert traps are used to trap sewer solids flowing into a sewer drainage system, The performance of the invert trap in an open rectangular channel was experimentally and numerically analysed using field sewer solids collected from a sewer drain. Experiments showed that the free water surface rises over the central opening （slot） of the invert trap, which reduces the velocity near the slot and allows more sediment to be trapped in comparison with the case for the fixed-lid model （assuming closed conduit flow with a shear-free top wall） used by earlier investigators. This phenomenon cannot be modelled using a closed conduit model as no extra space is provided for the fluctuation of the water surface, whereas this space is provided in the volume of fluid （VOF） model in the form of air space in ANSYS Fluent 14.0 software. Additionally, the zero atmospheric pressure at the free water surface cannot be modelled in a fixed-lid model. In the present study, experimental trap efflciencies of the invert trap using field sewer solids were fairly validated using a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model （VOF model） coupled with a stochastic discrete phase model. The flow field （i.e., velocities） predicted by the VOF model were compared with experimental velocities obtained employing particle image velocimetry. The water surface profile above the invert trap predicted by the VOF model was found to be in good agreement with the experimentally measured profile. The present study thus showed that the VOF model can be used with the stochastic discrete phase model to well predict the performance of invert traps.

关键词： Computational fluid dynamics mode Invert trap Sedimentation Trap efficiency Retention ratio Volume of fluid model

新型PCV2衣壳融合蛋白在HEK293F细胞瞬时表达研究

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华东理工大学学报（自然科学版） 2024年第1期50卷 62-70页

作者：罗清平彭妍 ALI mohsin 庄英萍郭美锦华东理工大学生物反应器工程国家重点实验室上海200237 上海国佳生化工程技术研究中心有限公司上海200237

猪圆环病毒2型(Porcine Circovirus type 2,PCV2)衣壳(Capsid)蛋白是制备抗猪圆环2型病毒亚单位疫苗的有效免疫抗原,能在大肠杆菌及杆状病毒/昆虫细胞表达系统中获得表达,然而在哺乳细胞中的表达研究仍然缺乏。瞬时表达条件考察结果显示... 详细信息

猪圆环病毒2型(Porcine Circovirus type 2,PCV2)衣壳(Capsid)蛋白是制备抗猪圆环2型病毒亚单位疫苗的有效免疫抗原,能在大肠杆菌及杆状病毒/昆虫细胞表达系统中获得表达,然而在哺乳细胞中的表达研究仍然缺乏。瞬时表达条件考察结果显示,采用宿主HEK293F细胞及PEI-40kDa转染试剂能获得35%病毒PCV2 Capsid基因细胞转染效率。转染试剂PEI(Polyethylenimine)与DNA比例差异会影响复合物形成大小及形态,复合物形成15~80 nm颗粒有利于转染效率的提高。实验以免疫逃逸型猪圆环病毒2b型NDSU41513病毒株,设计了新型PCV2 Capsid (△1-41aa)-Fc(pig) protein(PCFP)分子。在3 L反应器中成功实现了HEK293F细胞瞬时表达PCFP,表达水平达到3.8 mg/L。PCFP蛋白能够自主装形成约为41 nm类病毒颗粒,诱导小鼠机体内产生强烈的体液免疫反应,具有很高的应用潜力。

关键词：猪圆环病毒2型瞬时表达 HEK293F 类病毒颗粒疫苗

Effect of Trimetazidine on Functional Capacity in Patient with Ischaemic Cardiomyopathy (TOFCAPI)

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2024年第2期15卷 55-67页

作者： mohsin Ahmed Golam Morshed Mahmood Hasan Khan Md. Arifur Rahman Muhammed Aminur Razzaque Shariful Islam Sayeedur Rahman Khan Chowdhury Md. Kudrat-E-Khuda Salahuddin Anis Shiblee Md. Habibur Rahman Department of Cardiology National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Cardiology Government Employee’s Hospital Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Cardiology Delta Hospital Ltd. Dhaka Bangladesh IPDI Foundation Dhaka Bangladesh

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of trimetazidine on exercise capacity via a six-minute walk test in patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy and also evaluate the effect of trimetazidine on left ventricular function via echocardiography in the same population. Methods: This prospective observational study, conducted at the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases in Dhaka, Bangladesh, enrolled 200 patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy and a depressed left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF Results: In this study (n = 200) of ischaemic cardiomyopathy patients, the mean age was 58 years, with 76% of the patients being male. All study subjects received GDMT (Guideline-Directed Medical Therapy) for angina and heart failure. Those who received the modified released form of trimetazidine developed lesions during the 1st and 2nd follow-ups, during which the LVEF, LVIDd, and six-minute walk distance significantly improved (p Conclusion: The findings of the present study demonstrated that the addition of modified-release trimetazidine to GDMT can improve exercise capacity and left ventricular function in patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy.

关键词： Bangladesh Heart Failure Exercise Capacity Trimetazidine Ischaemic Cardiomyopathy

Principal Component Analysis and Minimum Description Length Criterion Based on Through-Wall Image Enhancement

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Chinese Physics Letters 2013年第4期30卷 45-47页

作者： Muhammad mohsin Riaz Abdul Ghafoor Department of Electrical Engineering College of SignalsNational University of Sciences and Technology(NUST)IslamabadPakistan

A through-wall image enhancement scheme is proposed based on principal component analysis and minimum description length *** minimum description length criterion is used with principal component analysis to extract target eigen *** proposed scheme is capable of extracting multiple targets from heavy cluttered through-wall *** results of the proposed scheme are compared with existing schemes on the basis of quantitative analysis and visual inspection.

关键词： criterion. Image scheme

Deformation Kinematics of Main Central Thrust Zone(MCTZ)in the Western Himalayas

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Journal of Earth Science 2022年第2期33卷 452-461页

作者： mohsin Ahmad Ahanger Ghulam Jeelani Department of Earth Sciences University of KashmirSrinagar 190006India

The main central thrust(MCT)is one of the major thrusts in *** central Himalaya,MCT was defined as a contact between underlying Lesser Himalayan Sequence(LHS)and overlying higher Himalayan crystallines(HHC).However,in the Kashmir Himalayas,the main central thrust zone(MCTZ),shear zone associated with MCT,is overlain by Kashmir Tethyan Sequence suggesting that the MCTZ has been deformed through a mechanism different than the mechanism responsible for MCTZ evolution in other parts of the *** the present study we used structural,microfabric and kinematic analyses to investigate the deformation kinematics of *** investigation revealed that the quartz in orthogneiss mylonites of MCTZ was dynamically recrystallized by grain boundary migration(GBM)and sub-grain rotation recrystallisation(SGR)with top-toSW sense of *** mean kinematic vorticity number(W;)just above the thrust ranges from 0.72to 0.84(40%–52%pure shear component)decreasing upwards to 0.65–0.71(35%–50%pure shear component).Deformation in the MCTZ is characterized by Rxzstrain ratio varying from 2.7 to *** present study suggested that the MCTZ suffered 3%–40%vertical shortening and 3%–66%transportparallel *** results suggested that the HHC’s were not completely exhumed to the topographic surfaces in the Kashmir *** the basal decollement,i.e.,the main Himalayan thrust(MHT),the deformation continued until MCTZ reached the brittle-ductile transition where deformation mechanism changed to the brittle and the MCTZ rocks were transported to the surface through slip on brittle MCT.

关键词： kinematics mylonites finite strain mean kinematic vorticity number(Wm) general shear tectonics