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Effects of Irradiation with Light of Different Photon Densities on the Growth of Young Green Barley Plants

Agricultural Sciences 2015年第2期6卷 208-216页

作者： Tianxiao Meng Eriko Nakamura Nobuto Irino khem raj joshi Hari Prasad Devkota Shoji Yahara Ryuichiro Kondo Faculty of Agriculture Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan Asahi Ryokuken Co. Ltd. Fukuoka Japan Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan

In recent years, young green barley has been increasingly used as a functional food ingredient. Studies have shown that cultivated young green barley has different levels of amino acids, vitamin C, and polyphenol content depending on the harvest time. Furthermore, some studies have investigated the effect of the growing conditions on cultivated barley in particular the use of light-emitting diodes (LED). Young green barley was exposed to three light sources of different wavelengths (sun light [ASL], light-emitting diode[LED] - Red 9 + Blue 1 [LED-R9:B1], LED - Red 4 + Green 1+ Blue 1 [LED-R4: G1:B1]). Under light with photon densities of 200 μmolmL-2·s-1, the dry weight of young green barley was not affected, while the differences were observed in the morphology of the underground portion of the plant (roots) depending on the light source. The roots of the plant grown in ASL weighed twice as much as those that were grown under LED irradiation. Furthermore, LED irradiation caused an increase in the amino acid content in plants;the amino acid content of plants grown under LED-R9:B1 was twice as much as that grown under ASL irradiation. Four kinds of cyanogenicglucosides (CGs) were isolated, identified, and their levels were measured. The plant grown under LED-RGB irradiation, including LED-G, produced approximately 20% more CGs as compared to the plants grown under the other two light sources. Thus, it was inferred that young green barley exhibited a stress response under LED-G light and accumulated CGs in the stems and leaves with prepare for any damage that may occur on the leaf surface. The nitrogen (N) content in the root was the lowest, while the CG content was the highest in the plant grown under LED-RGB irradiation. It is inferred that the N content decreased because N was eliminated from the roots to allow for accumulation of CGs response to stress. In general, the growth experiments to use an irradiation condition in which the distance between the light sourc

关键词： Young Green Barley Light-Emitting Diode CyanogenicGlucosides Amino Acid Tocopherol

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Distribution Pattern of Vascular Plant Species of Mountains in Nepal and their Fate Against Global Warming

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Journal of Mountain Science 2015年第6期12卷 1345-1354页

作者： Suresh Chandra SUBEDI khem raj BHATTARAI Ram Prasad CHAUUDHARY Earth and Environment Department Florida International University National Herbarium and Plant Laboratories Department of Plant Resources Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation Research Center for Applied Science and Technology Tribhuvan University

This study aims to find the altitudinal distribution pattern of vascular plant species reported from high mountain of Nepal(Manang) along the whole Himalayan elevation gradient, and evaluate their fate against climate change. Data was gathered from multiple sources, field investigations, literatures, and herbarium specimens. Altogether, 303 vascular plant species were reported from Manang. We used a published data to calculate distribution range of each species by interpolating between its upper and lower elevation limits. The relationship between elevation and species richness is elucidated by generalized linear model. The consequence of global warming upon Manang's vascular plant species was estimated based on projected temperature change for next century and adiabatic lapse rate along the elevation gradient of the Himalayas. The vascular plant species richness has a unimodel relationship with elevation along the whole elevation gradient of Nepal as well as in three biogeographical regions of Nepal. Vascular plants of Manang are found distributed from low land Terai to high alpine regions of Nepal and their elevation distribution range varies from 200 to 4700 m. Out of 303 vascular plants of Manang, only seven species might be affected if temperature increase by 1.5°C, whereas at least 70 species will be affected with 5°C temperature increased. However, the majority of species(233 species) have wider distribution range(> 1000 m) and more than 5°C temperature tolerance range, thus they are likely to be less affected from global warming by the end of 21 st century.

关键词： Mountain Nepal Himalayas Elevation distribution range Global warming Temperature tolerance range Manang

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Biodiversity and Invasibility: Distribution Patterns of Invasive Plant Species in the Himalayas, Nepal

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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第3期11卷 688-696页

作者： BHATTARAI khem raj M?REN Inger Elisabeth SUBEDI Suresh Chandra National Herbarium and Plant Laboratories Department of Plant Resources Department of Geography University of Bergen Department of Biological Science Florida International University

Invasive plant species are exerting a serious threat to biological diversity in many regions of the world. To understand plant invasions this study aims to test which of the two plant invasiveness hypotheses; ‘low native diversity' vs. ‘high native diversity', is supported by the regional distribution patterns of invasive plant species in the Himalayas,Nepal. This study is based on data retrieved from published literatures and herbarium specimens. The relationship between invasive plant species distribution patterns and that of native plant species is elucidated by scatter plots, as well as by generalized linear models. The native plant species and invasive plant species have similar distribution patterns and the maximum number of invasive plant species is found in the same altitudinal range where the highest richness for native tree species is found. There is a clear trend of higher invasive plant richness in regions where native tree species richness is relatively ***, the native plant richness is highest in the central phytogeographic region, followed by the eastern and the western regions, respectively. The invasive plant species also follows a similar ***, the invasive plant species richness was positively correlated with anthropogenic factors such as human population density and the number of visiting tourists. This study supports the hypothesis that ‘high native diversity' supports or facilitates invasive plant species. Further, it indicates that nativeand invasive plant species may require similar natural conditions, but that the invasive plant species seem more dependent and influenced by anthropogenic disturbance factors.

关键词： Anthropogenic disturbance Biodiversity Native species Biological invasions Distribution Himalayas

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Numerical Modeling of Neotectonic Movements and State of Stresses in the Central Seismic Gap Region,Garhwal Himalaya

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Journal of Mountain Science 2008年第4期5卷 279-298页

作者： Ganesh raj joshi Daigoro HAYASHI Simulation Tectonics Laboratory Faculty of ScienceUniversity of the RyukyusOkinawa 903-0213Japan

This paper presents finite element modeling （FEM） to simulate the present-day stress field and crustal deformation using NE-SW structural section in the central Seismic Gap region of the Garhwal Himalaya. Our study deals with the effect of geometrical characteristics and rock layer parameters on the upper crust. Modeling results show that two types of tectonic regimes developed in the central Seismic Gap region： the geotectonics of the northern part has been controlled by regional compression, whereas southern part is characterized by regional extension. Correspondingly, thrust faults are induced in the northern part and normal faults are extensively developed in the southern front. Those evidences noticeably indicate that the compressive tectonic environment of the Himalaya becomes change into the extensional tectonic regime in its front. The computed shear stress accumulation along the northern fiat of Main Himalayan Thrust （MHT） implies that considerable amount of interseismic stress is building up along the MHT system in the Himalaya, which ultimately release through the possible future great Himalayan earthquake （M 〉 8）. The comparison between our modeled stress field, faulting pattern and horizontal shortening rate with the distribution of the microseismic events, focal mechanism solutions, active faulting and GPS data in the central Seismic Gap region shows good agreement.

关键词： Neotectonic deformation stress distribution FE modeling central Seismic Gap NW-Himalaya

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Genome Editing Strategies Towards Enhancement of Rice Disease Resistance

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Rice science 2021年第2期28卷 133-145页

作者： Rukmini MISHRA WEI Zheng raj Kumar joshi ZHAO Kaijun School of Applied Sciences Centurion University of Technology and ManagementBhubaneswar 752050OdishaIndia National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Science Chinese Academy of Agriculture SciencesBeijing 100081China Department of Biotechnology Rama Devi Women’s UniversityBhubaneswar 751022OdishaIndia

The emerging pests and phytopathogens have reduced the crop yield and quality, which hasthreatened the global food security. Traditional breeding methods, molecular marker-based breedingapproaches and use of genetically modified crops have played a crucial role in strengthening the foodsecurity worldwide. However, their usages in crop improvement have been highly limited due to multiplecaveats. Genome editing tools like transcriptional activator-like effector nucleases and clustered regularlyinterspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated endonuclease Cas9 (CRISPR/Cas9) haveeffectively overcome limitations of the conventional breeding methods and are being widely accepted forimprovement of crops. Among the genome editing tools, the CRISPR/Cas9 system has emerged as themost powerful tool of genome editing because of its efficiency, amicability, flexibility, low cost andadaptability. Accumulated evidences indicate that genome editing has great potential in improving thedisease resistance in crop plants. In this review, we offered a brief introduction to the mechanisms of differentgenome editing systems and then discussed recent developments in CRISPR/Cas9 system-based genomeediting towards enhancement of rice disease resistance by different strategies. This review also discussed thepossible applications of recently developed genome editing approaches like CRISPR/Cas12a (formerlyknown as Cpf1) and base editors for enhancement of rice disease resistance.

关键词： genome editing technology rice improvement CRISPR/Cas9 CRISPR/Cas12a base editor disease resistance

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Characteristics of microbial community functional structure of a biological coking wastewater treatment system

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第1期30卷 105-115页

作者： Dev raj joshi Yu Zhang Hong Zhang Yingxin Gao Min Yang State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijin9 100049China

Nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds are key pollutants in coking wastewater; however, the functional potential of microbial communities for biodegradation of such contaminants during biological treatment is still elusive. Herein, a high throughput functional gene array（Geo Chip 5.0）in combination with Illumina Hi Seq2500 sequencing was used to compare and characterize the microbial community functional structure in a long run（500 days） bench scale bioreactor treating coking wastewater, with a control system treating synthetic wastewater. Despite the inhibitory toxic pollutants, Geo Chip 5.0 detected almost all key functional gene（average61,940 genes） categories in the coking wastewater sludge. With higher abundance, aromatic ring cleavage dioxygenase genes including multi ring1,2 diox; one ring2,3 diox; catechol represented significant functional potential for degradation of aromatic pollutants which was further confirmed by Illumina Hi Seq2500 analysis results. Response ratio analysis revealed that three nitrogenous compound degrading genes-nbz A（nitro-aromatics）, tdn B（aniline）, and scn ABC（thiocyanate） were unique for coking wastewater treatment, which might be strong cause to increase ammonia level during the aerobic process. Additionally, Hi Seq2500 elucidated carbozole and isoquinoline degradation genes in the system. These findings expanded our understanding on functional potential of microbial communities to remove organic nitrogenous pollutants;hence it will be useful in optimization strategies for biological treatment of coking wastewater.

关键词： Coking wastewater GeoChip Illumina HiSeq Functional genes Nitrogenous pollutants

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Functional composition of tall-statured trees underpins aboveground biomass in tropical forests

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第2期34卷 333-344页

作者： Suwash Kunwar Li-Qiu Wang Maryam Kazempour Larsary rajeev Chaudhary Puspa raj joshi Arshad Ali Department of Forest Resources Management College of ForestryNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037JiangsuPeople’s Republic of China Forest Ecology Research Group College of Life SciencesHebei UniversityBaoding 071002HebeiPeople’s Republic of China Division Forest Offi ce DadeldhuraMinistry of ForestDhangadhiSudurpashchim ProvinceNepal Department of Forestry Faculty of Natural ResourcesUniversity of Guilan43619-96196 SomehsaraIran Division Forest Offi ce PahalmanpurMinistry of ForestDhangadhiSudurpashchim ProvinceNepal Institute of Forestry Tribhuvan UniversityHetauda CampusHetauda 44107Nepal

The influences of trait diversity(i.e.,the niche complementarity effect)and functional composition(i.e.,the mass ratio effect)on aboveground biomass(AGB)is a highly debated topic in forest ***,further studies are needed to explore these mechanisms in unstudied forest ecosystems to enhance our understanding,and to provide guidelines for specific forest ***,we hypothesized that functional composition would drive AGB better than trait diversity and stem size inequality in the(sub-)tropical forests of *** data from 101 forest plots,we tested 25 structural equation models(SEMs)to link elevation,stem DBH inequality,trait diversity(i.e.,trait richness,evenness,dispersion and divergence),functional composition[i.e.,community-weighted of maximum height mean(CWM of Hmax),specific leaf area(CWM of SLA),leaf dry matter content(CWM of LDMC),and wood density(CWM of WD)]and *** best-fitted SEMs indicated that CWM of Hmax promoted AGB while overruling the impacts of trait diversity indices on ***,low trait diversity indices were linked with higher AGB while overruling the effects of CWM of SLA,LDMC and WD on *** addition,AGB decreased with increasing elevation,whereas stem size inequality did not influence *** results suggest that divergent species’functional strategies could shape AGB along an altitudinal gradient in tropical *** argue that forest management practices should include plant functional traits in the management plan for the co-benefits of biodiversity conservation and carbon sequestration that underpins human wellbeing.

关键词： Functional traits Mass ratio Niche complementarity Niche overlap Topography

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城市树木对抵消喜马拉雅中部加德满都谷地环路地区交通排放二氧化碳的贡献

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2023年第6期14卷 1272-1281页

作者： joshi Nabin raj joshi rajeev MISHRA Jay raj 亚洲可持续农业和生物资源网络加德满都44600尼泊尔尼泊尔农林大学自然资源管理学院林学系乌代普尔卡塔里56310尼泊尔 ApiEco咨询研究有限公司(AECAR) 加德满都44600尼泊尔

城市树木是城市地区的宝贵资源,因为它们具有降低环境温度、缓解城市热岛效应和减少雨水径流的能力,在通过吸收大气二氧化碳(CO_(2))进而减轻气候变化影响方面发挥着重要作用。同时,它也有助于减少空气悬浮颗粒物,增加城市景观的视觉吸... 详细信息

城市树木是城市地区的宝贵资源,因为它们具有降低环境温度、缓解城市热岛效应和减少雨水径流的能力,在通过吸收大气二氧化碳(CO_(2))进而减轻气候变化影响方面发挥着重要作用。同时,它也有助于减少空气悬浮颗粒物,增加城市景观的视觉吸引力。本文对加德满都谷地环城公路地区城市树木的碳储量进行了量化,以评估城市树木在缓解全球气候变化影响方面的规模和作用。本研究随机对40个样地进行了详细的碳评估。详细评估中考虑到了地上和地下碳库。此外,在收集生物物理数据时,通过现场工作人员的定期监测,对数据的质量进行了控制。评估记录了环城公路树木中共33种不同的树种,幼苗、树苗和树木的平均密度分别为每公顷2149、585和194棵。2021年,环路区树木平均碳储量为24.03 t C ha^(-1),总碳储量为7785.72 t C。环路区树木总标准二氧化碳当量(t CO_(2)e)为28573.60 t CO_(2)e。在全移动情景模式下,交通产生的二氧化碳排放量为年312888 t CO_(2)e,净排放量为42547 t CO_(2)e。环路区树木的二氧化碳储量不足14000.8 t CO_(2)e。这项研究表明,现有的城市树木种植无法封存或抵消交通排放的二氧化碳。因此,如河岸等公共区域可以为绿色基础设施建设和多用途树木种植所使用。为了应对全球气候变化的不利影响,城市地区及其周围树木的独特价值必须在可持续管理城市和城郊树木的具体政策和计划中得到重视。这项研究为决策者提供了建议,以更好地了解城市树木的作用,并为加德满都等山谷城市的城市树木种植制定可持续管理计划提供帮助。

关键词：道路树木生物质和碳碳排放量气候变化加德满都谷地

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Forest fire risk assessment in parts of Northeast India using geospatial tools

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Journal of Forestry Research 2011年第4期22卷 641-647页

作者： Kanchan Puri G. Areendran Krishna raj Sraboni Mazumdar P.K. joshi Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University Kashmere Gate Delhi 110006 India IGCMC WWF India Lodi Estate New Delhi 110003 India TERI University New Delhi 110070 India.

Forest fire is a major cause of changes in forest structure and function. Among various floristic regions, the northeast region of India suffers maximum from the fires due to age-old practice of shifting cultivation and spread of fires from jhum fields. For proper mitigation and management, an early warning of forest fires through risk modeling is required. The study results demonstrate the potential use of remote sensing and Geographic Information System （GIS） in identifying forest fire prone areas in Manipur, southeastern part of Northeast India. Land use land cover （LULC）, vegetation type, Digital elevation model （DEM）, slope, aspect and proximity to roads and settlements, factors that influence the behavior of fire, were used to model the forest fire risk zones. Each class of the layers was given weight according to their fire inducing capability and their sensitivity to fire. Weighted sum modeling and ISODATA clustering was used to classify the fire zones. TO validate the results, Along Track Scanning Radiometer （ATSR）, the historical fire hotspots data was used to check the occurrence points and modeled forest fire locations. The forest risk zone map has 55-63% of agreement with ATSR dataset.

关键词： ATSR forest fire modeling risk zonation weights Manipur

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Modeling transmission dynamics of rabies in Nepal

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2021年第1期6卷 284-301页

作者： Buddhi Pantha Sunil Giri Hem raj joshi Naveen K.Vaidya Department of Science and Mathematics Abraham Baldwin Agricultural CollegeTiftonGAUSA Department of Mathematics Florida Atlantic UniversityBoca RatonFLUSA Department of Mathematics Xavier UniversityCincinnatiOHUSA Department of Mathematics and Statistics San Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCAUSA Computational Science Research Center San Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCAUSA Viral Information Institute San Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCAUSA

Even though vaccines against rabies are available,rabies still remains a burden killing a significant number of humans as well as domestic and wild animals in many parts of the world,including *** this study,we develop a mathematical model to describe transmission dynamics of rabies in *** particular,an indirect interspecies transmission from jackals to humans through dogs,which is relevant to the context of Nepal,is one of the novel features of our *** model utilizes annual dog-bite data collected from Nepal for a decade long period,allowing us to reasonably estimate parameters related to rabies transmission in *** our model,we calculated the basic reproduction number(R_(0)=1:16)as well as intraspecies basic reproduction numbers of dogs(R_(0)^(D)=1:14)and jackals(R_(0)^(J)=0:07)for Nepal,and identified that the dog-related parameters are primary contributors to *** results show that,along with dogs,jackals may also play an important role,albeit lesser extent,in the persistence of rabies in *** model also suggests that control strategies may help reduce the prevalence significantly but the jackal vaccination may not be as effective as dog-related preventive *** get deeper insight into the role of intraspecies and interspecies transmission between dog and jackal populations in the persistence of rabies,we also extended our model analysis into a wider parameter ***,for some feasible parameters,even though rabies is theoretically controlled in each dog and jackal populations(R_(0)^(D)1)due to interspecies *** results may be useful to design effective prevention and control strategies for mitigating rabies burden in Nepal and other parts of the world.

关键词： Interspecies transmission Intraspecies transmission Mathematical models Nepal Rabies R_(0)

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