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Open Journal of Soil Science 2013年第2期3卷 115-122页

作者： Enamul Haque Abul Kashem khan towhid osman Department of Soil Science University of Chittagong Chittagong Bangladesh.

To observe the availability of phosphorus by different extraction methods in some cultivated soils of Hathazari Upazilla of Chittagong District, this study was carried out with 36 surface soil samples (0 - 15 cm) belonging to six soil series, namely Bijipur, Pahartali, Mirsarai, Manu, Raojan and Noapara. Physical and chemical characteristics of the soils were also determined with an objective of identifying the soil factor(s) regulating P extractability. Three P extraction methods, namely Olsen (0.5 M NaHCO3, pH 8.5), Mehlich-3 (0.2 N CH3COOH + 0.013 N HNO3 + 0.015 N NH4F + 0.25 N NH4 NO3 + 0.001 M EDTA) and Bray & Kurtz-1 (0.03 N NH4F + 0.025 N HCl) were used. There was a wide variation in the extractability of P ranging from low to high categories. Olsen method extracted the largest amount of P (2.07 - 45.36 mg·kg-1) while Bray & Kurtz-1 extracted the smallest amount (1.02 - 21.79 mg·kg-1). The mean extractable P in soils was found to be in the order of Olsen > Mehlich-3 > Bray & Kurtz-1. Soil pH was the most dominant factor in determining P extractability. Available P was negatively correlated with percentage of clay, organic carbon and CEC and positively correlated with pH. Although the three methods extracted different amounts of P from soil, values of P extracted by the different methods were strongly correlated among themselves and with the leaf phosphorus concentration of rice growing in these soils.

关键词： Soil Series Available P Olsen P Mehlich-3 P Bray & Kurtz-1 P

Effect of Organic and Inorganic Amendments on the Phytoavailability of Phosphorus to Corn (Zea mays)

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2012年第1期2卷 50-54页

作者： Mejbah Uddin Abul Kashem khan towhid osman Department of Soil Science University of Chittagong Chittagong Bangladesh.

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of cow manure, city waste, chicken manure and TSP on the growth of corn (Zea mays) and phytoavailability of phosphorous (P) in soil. An air dried sandy loam soil was mixed with different amendments at rates equivalent to 0, 200, 400 and 800 mg P kg–1 soil based on total P. The plant height and leaf number increased in the plants grown in amended pots compared to control pot. The dry weight of shoots and roots in the control pot were 14.3 and 2.8 g, respectively. The shoot dry weights of corn increased from 43.8 to 76.6 g with the cow manure, 27.8 to 38.7 g with the city waste, 48.4 to 68.2 g with the chicken manure and 30.2 to 32.2 g with the TSP amendments when the P addition rates increased from 200 to 800 mg P kg–1 soil. Similar effects of these amendments and their rates were also found in the case of roots dry weights production. Phosphorus concentration in the plant parts increased with the P application from different amendments but the increase was higher with the TSP fertilizer and lower with the city waste amendments. Olsen P (measured after the plant harvest) increased with P application rates. The extractability of Olsen P from different amendments increased in this order: city waste < chicken manure < cow manure < TSP. Olsen P was strongly related with both shoot and root P concentration of corn (r = 0.910, p = 0.000), indicate suitability of Olsen P to predict plant available P. These results imply that cow manure and chicken manure could be recommended to use in the agricultural field for producing optimum yield.

关键词： Organic Manure Phosphate Fertilizer Olsen P Corn

Comparative Effect of City Finished Compost and NPK Fertilizer on Growth and Availability of Phosphorus to Radish (Raphanus sativusL.)

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2012年第2期2卷 146-154页

作者： Ashoka Sarker Md. Abul Kashem khan towhid osman Department of Soil Science University of Chittagong Chittagong Bangladesh.

A pot experiment was carried out to investigate the comparative effect of city finished compost and NPK fertilizer on the growth and availability of phosphorus to radish (Raphanus sativus L.). An air dried sandy loam soil was mixed with five rates of city finished compost (CFC) equivalent to 0, 5, 10, 20, 40 ton ha–1 and three rates of NPK fertilizer equivalent to 50% (N-P-K = 69-16-35 kg ha–1), 100% (N-P-K = 137-32-70 kg ha–1 K) and 150% (N-P-K = 206-48-105 kg ha–1). Four plants were harvested at 45 days of growth and remaining one plant was harvested at 90 days of growth and separated into leaves and bulbs. After harvest, soil samples were collected from each pot to measure soil pH and available P extracted by Olsen, Mehlich-3, Kelowna and Bray & Kurtz-1 extractants. The growth parameters (length of leaves and bulbs, fresh and dry weight of leaves and bulbs), relative dry matter yield, plant P concentrations, P uptake by radish, soil pH, and available P increased by the rates of CFC and NPK fertilizer treatments. Among the treatments, growth performance of radish was better with the highest rate of 40 t ha–1 CFC treatments. The results obtained from the 5 and 10 t ha–1 CFC treatment were comparable with the results of 50% and 100% NPK fertilizer treatments respectively. Similar effects of amendments were obtained in the case of plant P concentration, uptake of P by plant, soil pH and available soil P concentration. Available P and soil pH showed very strong and positive correlation (P –1 city finished compost could be used instead of 100% to obtain similar yield and to improve soil conditions.

关键词： Compost Soil Extraction Methods Growth Phosphorus Radish

Recovery of Soil Test Phosphorus from an Acidic Soil Amended with Organic and Inorganic Phosphorus

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2012年第4期2卷 382-388页

作者： Farzana Rumi Md. Abul Kashem khan towhid osman Department of Soil Science University of Chittagong Chittagong Bangladesh.

Information on soil test phosphorus (P) in soil treated with organic amendments is important to a sound management of manure additions to agricultural fields. This study compared the recovery of cow manure, chicken manure, city compost P relative to triple super phosphate P (TSP) for an acidic soil with different antecedent soil test P (STP). Phosphorus was added at rates of 0, 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg P kg-1 soil based on total P. The soil was incubated at field capacity for 1, 4, 8 and 16 weeks (wk) after which they were extracted using NaHCO3 (Olsen) Mehlich-3, Kelowna and Bray & Kurtz-1 extractants. Regardless of extractants, after 1 wk incubation, the highest STP source was the TSP and the least was the city compost. Soil Test P increased with the addition of amendments from different P sources. Among the amendments, soil test P in TSP amended soil gradually decreased but in the city compost amended soil slightly in- creased with incubation time, whereas the changes of soil test P with time in the cow and chicken manures amended soil was very negligible. Across the amendments and rates of P additions, the value of extractable P with Olsen was of 55 mg ?kg-1 (16%), with Mehlich-3 was of 112 mg ?kg-1 (32%), with Kelowna was of 88 mg ?kg-1 (24%) and with Bray & Kurtz was of 104 mg ?kg-1 (29% of total added P). The P extraction efficiency was in the order: NaHCO3 Kelowna < Bray & Kurtz-1 < Mehlich-3. This study indicates that P in organic amendments reflects plant available P through the entire incubation period but P in the TSP are likely to under estimate after 8 wk of incubation.

关键词： Extraction Methods Organic Amendments Phosphorus Incubation

Phytoextraction Efficiency of Lead by Arum (Colocasia esculenta L.) Grown in Hydroponics

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2016年第7期6卷 113-119页

作者： Md. Shoffikul Islam Md. Abul Kashem khan towhid osman Department of Soil Science University of Chittagong Chittagong Bangladesh

Lead (Pb) tolerance and phytoextraction efficiency of arum (Pani Kachu;Colocasia esculenta L.) were investigated in hydroponics. Plants were grown for 60 days in nutrient solution after addition of Pb at the levels of 0, 50, 200 and 400 μM. The growth of different parts of arum was unaffected at low level of Pb concentration (50 μM Pb) compared with control treatment whereas it decreased gradually with the increase of metal concentration in nutrient solution. Concentration of metal in all parts of arum increased significantly with the levels of Pb in the growth media (p ·kgǃ, at its low level in solution. This concentration (50 μM Pb) did not cause any growth retardation which indicated that arum was a Pb hyperaccumulator plant. On an average, translocation of Pb from roots to shoots was 68% of total Pb which indicated that the major portion of Pb was translocated from roots to shoots. Transfer factor (TF) greater than one for this metal as found in the present experiment confirmed the hyperaccumulation characteristics of arum. Lead uptake in the shoots of arum without growth retardation and TF of Pb in arum indicated that this plant was a suitable candidate for the phytoremediation of soil and water contaminated with Pb.

关键词： Water Contamination Metal Hyperaccumulator Toxicity

Morphological, Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Hill Forest Soils at Chittagong University, Bangladesh

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2014年第1期4卷 26-35页

作者： Md. Akhtaruzzaman Md. Enamul Haque khan towhid osman Department of Soil Science University of Chittagong Chittagong Bangladesh

Forty five soil samples were collected from the four pedons of the hill areas at Chittagong University based on the depth of soil horizon. Soil profiles on hill top were relatively well developed and belonged to Ultisols according to USDA soil Taxonomy. The profiles at the piedmont were relatively young soils and classified as Inceptisols and Entisols. The soils of all profiles were characterized by coarse texture (38% to 73%, sand fraction), high bulk density (1.15 to 1.32 Mg·m-3), low organic-C content (0.26% to 1.73%), acid soil reaction ( varied from 4.44 to 5.52 and pHKCl from 3.57 to 4.90). Soils in all pedons were poor in exchangeable bases and base saturation. The CEC values ranged from 9.12 cmolc·kg-1 to 14.5 cmolc·kg-1 while ECEC varied from 1.96 to 4.78 cmolc·kg-1. The exchangeable Al (aluminum) concentration ranged from 0.41 to 0.66 cmolc·kg-1. Exchangeable acidity level ranged from 0.74 to 1.25 cmolc·kg-1. Exchangeable Al and aluminum saturation increased with depth and their concentrations were below the toxic range for tree stands. The study revealed that more young soils formed on the piedmont sites had somewhat better properties as compared to matured hill top soils. The variation in physico-chemical properties of the soils seemed to be influenced by the topography to a greater extent in the studied area.

关键词： Soil Morphological Features Soil Physico-Chemical Properties Soil Classification

Phosphorus Availability, Uptake and Dry Matter Yield of Indian Spinach (Basella albaL.) to Lime and Phosphorus Fertilization in an Acidic Soil

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2014年第1期4卷 42-46页

作者： Ashoka Sarker Md. Abul Kashem khan towhid osman Department of Soil Science University of Chittagong Chittagong Bangladesh.

A pot experiment was carried out to investigate the yield of Indian spinach (Basella alba L.) and their uptake and availability of phosphorus from lime and phosphorus amended acidic soil. Four rates of lime (L) equivalent to 0, 500, 1000 and 2000 kg CaCO3 ha-1 and four rates of phosphorus (P) equivalent to 0, 50, 100, and 150 kg·P·ha-1 of TSP were applied in combinations as treatments. Dry matter yield, P concentrations in shoot and root and P uptake by Indian spinach were determined after harvesting 10 weeks old plant and soil samples were collected from each pot to measure available P by Olsen method. Both L and P and their combinations had significant (P 0.001) effects on shoot and root biomass, shoot and root P concentrations, P uptake by Indian spinach and P availability. Although lime and P increased biomass production, P concentrations of shoot and root, and its uptake by Indian spinach and available P, this effect was boosted by combining L with P applied. 1000 kg lime plus 100 kg P were adequate for plant growth. Available P was strongly and positively correlated (R2 = 0.909, P = 0.000) with P uptake by plant. Results of the present study indicated that lime and phosphorus could be used in combination to enhance plant growth.

关键词： Lime Phosphorus Acid Soil Soil Available P Yield Indian Spinach

Influence of Lime and Phosphorus on Growth Performance and Nutrient Uptake by Indian Spinach (Basella albaL.) Grown in Soil

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2014年第3期4卷 98-102页

作者： Ashoka Sarker Md. Abul Kashem khan towhid osman Department of Soil Science University of Chittagong Chittagong Bangladesh

A pot experiment was carried out to determine the effect of lime and phosphorus on the growth and nutrient uptake by Indian spinach (Basella alba L.) on an acidic soil. The experimental soil was amended with four levels of lime (0, 500, 1000 and 2000 kg CaCO3 ha-1) and phosphorus (P) (0, 50, 100, and150 kgP ha-1) and their combinations. The results showed that lime and P applied separately or in combination had significant (P < 0.001) effects on growth parameters (height and number of leaves), fresh and dry weight of shoot and root and N, K and Ca uptake by Indian spinach. Combined application of lime and P gave a better result than the separate application of lime and P. Application of 2000 kg·ha-1 lime plus 150 kg P ha-1 had higher uptake of N, K and Ca and better morphological characters that eventually resulted in greater yield compared with other treatments. The results revealed that lime and phosphorus could be used in combination to improve growth performance and nutrient uptake when plants grown in an acidic soil.

关键词： Acid Soil Lime Phosphorus Basella alba Growth Nutrient Uptake

Evaluation of Available Phosphorus by Soil Test Methods in an Acidic Soil Incubated with Different Levels of Lime and Phosphorus

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2014年第3期4卷 103-108页

作者： Ashoka Sarker Md. Abul Kashem khan towhid osman Imam Hossain Farzana Ahmed Department of Soil Science University of Chittagong Chittagong Bangladesh

An incubation study was conducted in laboratory to determine the effect of lime (L) as CaCO3 and phosphorus (P) as TSP on soil pH and available soil P in an acid soil. Four rates of L equivalent to 0, 1, 2 and 3 ton CaCO3 ha-1 and four rates of P equivalent to 0, 25, 50 and 75 mg P kg-1 were applied in combinations as treatments. The soil was incubated at field capacity for 8 weeks (wk) after which they were extracted using NaHCO3 (Olsen), Mehlich-3, Kelowna and Bray & Kurtz-1 extractants and soil pH was determined. Lime significantly (P < 0.001) increased soil pH. Phosphorus decreased it, though not significantly. Both L and P had significant effects (P < 0.001) on P availability irrespective of extractants used. Two ton CaCO3 plus 75 mg P kg-1 gave the highest available phosphorus. Mehlich-3 method extracted the largest amount of P (14.54 - 67.35 mg·kg-1) while Olsen extracted the smallest amount (3.25 - 32.77 mg·kg-1). The mean extractable P in soils was found to be in the order of Olsen 2 = 0.87 to 0.95).

关键词： Available P Extraction Methods Lime Phosphorus Incubation

Release of Arsenic from Arsenic Removal Water Filter Sludge in Soil and Its Uptake by Red Amaranth

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2013年第8期3卷 342-346页

作者： Sajal Roy Shah Muhammad Imamul Huq Md. Abul Kashem khan towhid osman Bangladesh-Australia Centre for Environmental Research Department of Soil Water and Environment University of Dhaka Dhaka Bangladesh. Department of Soil Science University of Chittagong Chittagong Bangladesh

There is a major concern among scientists over the elevated levels of arsenic (As) in drinking water in Bangladesh and some parts of India. Investigating the release of As from water filter sludge in soil and its uptake by plants may provide information about the management of As contaminated filter sludge. In this macrocosm study, iron based sludge con- taining granular ferric hydroxide (GFH) was mixed with air dried silt loam surface soil at rate of 0 (control, no sludge), 1.5 and 2.5 t?ha?1 and red amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L.) plants were grown for 45 days. Addition of filter sludge did not affect the height, fresh weight and dry matter yield of amaranth. However, the highest concentration of As and Fe were found both in shoots and roots of amaranth grown in the pot of the highest rate of sludge treated soil. The con- centration of As, Fe and S was higher in the roots than that in the shoots of Amaranth. Translocation of As, S and Fe in- creased with the rates of sludge application. Elevated concentration of As in sludge treated plants is a sign of environ- mental hazard and should be taken into consideration.

关键词： Arsenic Accumulation Concentration Red Amaranth Translocation