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Optimizing Steering Angle Predictive Convolutional Neural Network for Autonomous Car

Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第5期71卷 2285-2302页

作者： Hajira Saleem Faisal riaz Asadullah Shaikh Khairan Rajab Adel Rajab muhammad Akram Mana Saleh Al Reshan Control Automotive and Robotics Lab Affiliated lab of National Center of Robotics and Automation(NCRA HEC Pakistan)and with the Department of Computer Science and Information TechnologyMirpur University of Science and Technology(MUST)Mirpur Azad Kashmir10250Pakistan College of Computer Science and Information System Najran UniversityNajran61441Saudi Arabia College of Computer Science and Engineering University of South FloridaTampa33620United States

Deep learning techniques,particularly convolutional neural networks(CNNs),have exhibited remarkable performance in solving visionrelated problems,especially in unpredictable,dynamic,and challenging *** autonomous vehicles,imitation-learning-based steering angle prediction is viable due to the visual imagery comprehension of *** this regard,globally,researchers are currently focusing on the architectural design and optimization of the hyperparameters of CNNs to achieve the best *** has proven the superiority of metaheuristic algorithms over the manual-tuning of ***,to the best of our knowledge,these techniques are yet to be applied to address the problem of imitationlearning-based steering angle ***,in this study,we examine the application of the bat algorithm and particle swarm optimization algorithm for the optimization of the CNN model and its hyperparameters,which are employed to solve the steering angle prediction *** validate the performance of each hyperparameters’set and architectural parameters’set,we utilized the Udacity steering angle dataset and obtained the best results at the following hyperparameter set:optimizer,Adagrad;learning rate,0.0052;and nonlinear activation function,exponential linear *** per our findings,we determined that the deep learning models show better results but require more training epochs and time as compared to shallower *** show the superiority of our approach in optimizing CNNs through metaheuristic algorithms as compared with the manual-tuning *** testing was also performed using the model trained with the optimal architecture,which we developed using our approach.

关键词： Bat algorithm convolutional neural network hyperparameters metaheuristic optimization algorithm steering angle prediction

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Exploring the potential of Sentinel-2A satellite data for aboveground biomass estimation in fragmented Himalayan subtropical pine forest

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Journal of Mountain Science 2020年第12期17卷 2880-2896页

作者： Mobushir riaz khanI Iftikhar Ahmad khan muhammad Hasan Ali BAIG LIU Zheng-jia muhammad Irfan ASHRAF School of Environmental Science Charles Sturt UniversityAlburyNSW 2640Australia Institute of Geo-information&Earth Observation Arid Agriculture University RawalpindiPakistan&(ii)Department of ForestAzad Jammu&Kashmir Muzaffarabad-i3100Pakistan Institute of Geo-information&Earth Observation(IGEO) PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi 46300Pakistan Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Department of Forestry&Range Management PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi 46300Pakistan

The Sentinel-2 A satellite having embedded advantage of red edge spectral bands offers multispectral imageries with improved spatial,spectral and temporal resolutions as compared to the other contemporary satellites providing medium resolution *** study was aimed at exploring the potential of Sentinel-2 A imagery to estimate Above Ground Biomass(AGB) of Subtropical Pine Forest in Pakistan administered *** developed an AGB predictive model using field inventory and Sentinel 2 A based spectral and textural parameters along with topographic features derived from ALOS Digital Elevation Model(DEM).Field inventory data was collected from 108 randomly distributed plots(0.1 ha each) across the study *** stepwise linear regression method was employed to investigate the potential relationship between field data and corresponding satellite *** and carbon mapping of the study area was carried out through established AGB estimation model with R(o.86),R2(0.74),adjusted R2(0.72) and RMSE value of 33 t/*** results showed that first order textures(mean,standard deviation and variance) significantly contributed in AGB predictive modeling while only one spectral band ratio made contribution from spectral *** study leads to the conclusion that Sentinel-2 A optical data is a potential source for AGB estimation in subtropical pine forest of the area of interest with added benefit of its free of cost availability,higher quality data and long-term continuity that can be utilized for biomass carbon distribution mapping in the resource constraint study area for sustainable forest management.

关键词： Field inventory Forest Biomass Sentinel 2A AGB Modelling Spectral features Textures

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An Efficient Technique to Prevent Data Misuse with Matrix Cipher Encryption Algorithms

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第2期74卷 4059-4079页

作者： muhammad Nadeem Ali Arshad Saman riaz Syeda Wajiha Zahra Ashit Kumar Dutta Moteeb Al Moteri Sultan Almotairi Department of Computing Abasyn UniversityIslamabadPakistan Department of Computer Science National University of TechnologyIslamabadPakistan Department of Computer Science and Information Systems College of Applied SciencesAlMaarefa UniversityRiyadh13713Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Management Information Systems Business Administration CollegeKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11451Saudi Arabia Department of Natural and Applied Sciences Faculty of Community CollegeMajmaah UniversityMajmaah11952Saudi Arabia

Many symmetric and asymmetric encryption algorithms have been developed in cloud computing to transmit data in a secure *** cryptography is a data encryption mechanism that consists of different steps and prevents the attacker from misusing the *** paper has developed an efficient algorithm to protect the data from invaders and secure the data from *** this algorithm is applied to the cloud network,the attacker will not be able to access the *** encrypt the data,the values of the bytes have been obtained by converting the plain text to ASCII.A key has been generated using the Non-Deterministic Bit Generator(NRBG)mechanism,and the key is XNORed with plain text bits,and then Bit toggling has been *** that,an efficient matrix cipher encryption algorithm has been developed,and this algorithm has been applied to this *** capability of this algorithm is that with its help,a key has been obtained from the plain text,and only by using this key can the data be decrypted in the first steps.A plain text key will never be used for another plain *** data has been secured by implementing different mechanisms in both stages,and after that,a ciphertext has been *** the end of the article,the latest technique will be compared with different *** will be a discussion on how the present technique is better than all the other techniques;then,the conclusion will be drawn based on comparative analysis.

关键词： Symmetric cryptography ciphertext encryption decryption cloud security matrix cipher

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SwCS: Section-Wise Content Similarity Approach to Exploit Scientific Big Data

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第4期67卷 877-894页

作者： kashif Irshad muhammad Tanvir Afzal Sanam Shahla Rizvi Abdul Shahid Rabia riaz Tae-Sun Chung Department of Computer Science Capital University of Science and TechnologyIslamabadPakistan Department of Computer Science NAMAL InstituteMianwali42250Pakistan Raptor Interactive(Pty)Ltd. Eco BoulevardWitch Hazel AveCenturion0157South Africa Institute of Computing Kohat University of Science and TechnologyPakistan Department of CS&IT University of Azad Jammu and KashmirMuzaffarabad13100Pakistan Department of Artificial Intelligence Ajou UniversityKorea

The growing collection of scientific data in various web repositories is referred to as Scientific Big Data,as it fulfills the four“V’s”of Big Data—volume,variety,velocity,and *** phenomenon has created new opportunities for startups;for instance,the extraction of pertinent research papers from enormous knowledge repositories using certain innovative methods has become an important task for researchers and ***,the content of the papers are compared to list the relevant papers from a *** conventional method results in a long list of papers that is often impossible to interpret ***,the need for a novel approach that intelligently utilizes the available data is ***,the primary element of the scientific knowledge base is a research article,which consists of various logical sections such as the Abstract,Introduction,Related Work,Methodology,Results,and ***,this study utilizes these logical sections of research articles,because they hold significant potential in finding relevant *** this study,comprehensive experiments were performed to determine the role of the logical sections-based terms indexing method in improving the quality of results(i.e.,retrieving relevant papers).Therefore,we proposed,implemented,and evaluated the logical sections-based content comparisons method to address the research objective with a standard method of indexing *** section-based approach outperformed the standard content-based approach in identifying relevant documents from all classified topics of computer ***,the proposed approach extracted 14%more relevant results from the entire *** the experimental results suggested that employing a finer content similarity technique improved the quality of results,the proposed approach has led the foundation of knowledge-based startups.

关键词： Scientific big data ACM classification term indexing content similarity cosine similarity

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Application of Zinc, Iron and Boron Enhances Productivity and Grain Biofortification of Mungbean

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2023年第4期92卷 983-999页

作者： muhammad Zafar Siraj Ahmed muhammad kashif Munir Nawal Zafar muhammad Saqib muhammad Aleem Sarwar Saba Iqbal Baber Ali Naveed Akhtar Basharat Ali Sadam Hussain muhammad Saeed Mohammad Khalid Al-Sadoon Aneela Gulnaz Agronomic Research Institute Ayub Agricultural Research Institute FaisalabadFaisalabad38000Pakistan Soil and Water Testing Laboratory Ayub Agricultural Research Institute FaisalabadFaisalabad38000Pakistan Department of Plant Sciences Quaid-i-Azam UniversityIslamabad45320Pakistan Department of Agricultural Engineering Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and TechnologyRahim Yar Khan64200Pakistan College of Agronomy Northwest A&F UniversityYangling712100China Plant Pathology Research Institute Faisalabad38000Pakistan Department of Zoology College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11451Saudi Arabia Department of Biotechnology Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan38641Korea

Deficiencies of essential vitamins,iron(Fe),and zinc(Zn)affect over one-half of the world’s population.A significant progress has been made to control micronutrient deficiencies through supplementation,but new approaches are needed,especially to reach the rural *** biofortification of pulses with Zn,Fe,and boron(B)offers a pragmatic solution to combat hidden hunger instead of food fortification and ***,it also has positive effects on crop production as ***,we conducted three separate field experiments for two consecutive years to evaluate the impact of soil and foliar application of the aforementioned nutrients on the yield and seed biofortification of *** application of Zn at 0,4.125,8.25,Fe at 0,2.5,5.0 and B at 0,0.55,1.1 kg ha−1 was done in the first,second and third experiment,*** application in these experiments was done at 0.3%Zn,0.2%Fe and 0.1%B respectively one week after flowering *** revealed that soil-applied Zn,Fe and B at 8.25,5.0 and 1.1 kg ha−1,respectively,enhanced the grain yield of mungbean;however,this increase in yield was statistically similar to that recorded with Zn,Fe and B at 4.125,2.5 and 0.55 kg ha−1,*** application of these nutrients at flower initiation significantly enhanced the Zn contents by 28%and 31%,Fe contents by 80%and 78%,while B contents by 98%and 116%over control during 2019 and 2020,*** was concluded from the results that soil application of Zn,Fe,and B enhanced the yield performance of mungbean;while significant improvements in seed Zn,Fe,and B contents were recorded with foliar application of these nutrients.

关键词： Biofortification seed biofortification mungbean iron zinc boron foliar application

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Computational and experimental investigations of a microfluidic mixer for efficient iodine extraction using carbon tetrachloride enhanced with gas bubbles

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Chinese Physics B 2023年第11期32卷 518-526页

作者： Siddique muhammad kashif 孙林李松晶 Department of Fluid Control and Automation School of Mechatronics EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China

Numerous studies have been conducted on microfluidic mixers in various microanalysis systems, which elucidated the manipulation and control of small fluid volumes within microfluidic chips. These studies have demonstrated the ability to control fluids and samples precisely at the microscale. Microfluidic mixers provide high sensitivity for biochemical analysis due to their small volumes and high surface-to-volume ratios. A promising approach in drug delivery is the rapid microfluidic mixer-based extraction of elemental iodine at the micro level, demonstrating the versatility and the potential to enhance diagnostic imaging and accuracy in targeted drug delivery. Micro-mixing inside microfluidic chips plays a key role in biochemical analysis. The experimental study describes a microfluidic mixer for extraction of elemental iodine using carbon tetrachloride with a gas bubble mixing process. Gas bubbles are generated inside the microcavity to create turbulence and micro-vortices resulting in uniform mixing of samples. The bubble mixing of biochemical samples is analyzed at various pressure levels to validate the simulated results in computational fluid dynamics(CFD). The experimental setup includes a high-resolution camera and an air pump to observe the mixing process and volume at different pressure levels with time. The bubble formation is controlled by adjusting the inert gas flow inside the microfluidic chip. Microfluidic chip-based gas bubble mixing effects have been elaborated at various supplied pressures.

关键词： microfluidic mixer iodine extraction CFD simulation micro-mixing properties

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Effect of oxygen content on the structural and optical properties of ZnO films grown by atmospheric pressure MOCVD

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2013年第1期23卷 44-50页

作者： Sajjad Hussain Yaqoob khan Volodymyr Khranovskyy riaz muhammad Rositza Yakimova Department of Applied Physics Federal Urdu University of ArtsScience and TechnologyIslamabadPakistan Nanosciences and Catalysis Division National Centre for PhysicsQuaid-e-Azam University Campus45320 IslamabadPakistan Department of Physics Chemistryand Biology(IFM)Linkǒping UniversityLinkǒping SE-581 83Sweden

Atmospheric pressure MOCVD was used to deposit ZnO layers on sapphire and homoepitaxial template under different oxygen flow *** content affects the lattice constant value and texture coefficient of the films as evidenced by the θ-2θ peaks position and their *** deposited at lower oxygen flow rate possess higher value of strain and *** films deposited at high oxygen flow rates show intense UV emissions while samples prepared under oxygen deficient conditions exhibited defect related emission along with UV *** results are compared to the ZnO films deposited homoepitaxially on annealed ZnO *** data obtained suggest that ZnO stoichiometry is responsible for the structural and optical quality of ZnO films.

关键词： APMOCVD XRD PL Near-band-edge(NBE)

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Origin of Quartz Cement in the Paleogene Sandstone Reservoir of Shahejie Formation,Bohai Bay Basin,China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2022年第1期96卷 248-260页

作者： muhammad kashif CAO Yingchang Nizam Ud DIN Uzair SIDDIQUE XI Kelai Faisal REHMAN Noor AHMED GU Xihao Mohammad Saleh GAGHMAN Department of Earth sciences University of SargodhaSargodha 40100Pakistan School of Geosciences China University of PetroleumQingdaoShandong 266580China College of Earth sciences and Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China Institute of Marine Geology and Resources Ocean CollegeZhejiang UniversityZhoushanZhejiang 316021China Department of Earth sciences Quaid-I-Azam UniversityIslamabad 45320Pakistan

The precipitation of authigenic quartz plays a significant role to reduce the reservoir characteristics and enhance the stiffness of the *** Es_(1) sandstone of Shahejie Formation is acting as a significant hydrocarbon producing rock in the Nanpu *** methods like thin section petrography,cathodoluminescence(CL),scanning electron microscope(SEM,with EDS),and electron microprobe analysis has been used to reveal the origin of quartz cement as well as to evaluate the effect of quartz cement on reservoir *** studied sandstone is classified as immature to mature feldspathic litharenite and lithic arkose and consists of quartz,feldspar,rock fragments and *** studies and SEM analysis shows that the authigenic quartz is acting a significant cement that reduces the reservoir *** clay minerals(kaolinite and mixed layer illite to smectite)are dominant in the Es_(1) sandstone,that can reduce the reservoir ***,CL and thin section analysis reveal that there are two stages of quartz cement in the studied samples;that are pore filling authigenic cement and quartz overgrowth *** inclusion homogenization temperatures shows that stages of quartz cement were developed with continuous process from 70℃ to 130℃.Quartz cements were generally originated from I/S reaction,feldspar dissolution,conversion of rock fragments and pressure *** dissolution(K-feldspar)and kaolinite to illite reaction is an insignificant silica source for the silica cement which is internally precipitated in a close system with diffusion transporting ***,quartz cement significantly enhance the rock strengthen and brittleness effectively as well as it reduce the overall reservoir quality.

关键词： origin authigenic quartz silica sources diffusion Shahejie Formation

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Early selection of bread wheat genotypes using morphological and photosynthetic attributes conferring drought tolerance

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第11期18卷 2483-2491页

作者： Hafiz Ghulam Muhu-Din Ahmed Abdus Salam khan LI Ming-ju Sultan Habibullah khan muhammad kashif Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics University of Agriculture FaisalabadFaisalabad 38000Pakistan Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resources Yunnan Academy of Agricultural SciencesKunming 650205P.R.China Center of Agricultural Biotechnology and Biochemistry University of Agriculture FaisalabadFaisalabad 38000Pakistan

Genetic diversity is the base of any genetic improvement breeding program aimed at stress *** variability among breeding materials is of primary importance in the achievements of a good crop ***,105 wheat genotypes were screened against drought stress using factorial completely randomized design at seedling stage to determine the genetic diversity and traits association conferring drought *** of variances revealed that all the studied parameters differed significantly among all genotypes,indicating the significance genetic variability existed among all genotypes for studied *** 10 best performance genotypes G1,G6,G11,G16,G21,G26,G39,G44,G51,and G61 were screened as drought tolerant,while five lowest performance genotypes G3,G77,G91,G98,and G105 were screened as drought *** length,chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,and carotenoid contents were significantly correlated among themselves which exhibited the importance of these indices for rainfed areas in future wheat breeding *** length exhibited non-significant and negative association with other studied traits,and its selection seems not to be a promising criteria for this germplasm for drought *** performance genotypes under drought stress conditions will be useful in future wheat breeding program and early selection will be effective for developing high yielding and drought tolerant wheat varieties.

关键词： drought photosynthesis chlorophyll wheat seedling carotenoid

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New Modified Controlled Bat Algorithm for Numerical Optimization Problem

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第2期70卷 2241-2259页

作者： Waqas Haider Bangyal Abdul Hameed Jamil Ahmad kashif Nisar muhammad Reazul Haque Ag.Asri Ag.Ibrahim Joel J.P.C.Rodrigues M.Adil khan Danda B.Rawat Richard Etengu Department of Computing and Technology Iqra University IslamabadPakistan Computer Science Kohat University of Science and Technology(KUST)KohatPakistan Faculty of Computing and Informatics University Malaysia SabahJalan UMSKota Kinabalu88400SabahMalaysia Faculty of Computing&Informatics Multimedia UniversityPersiaran MultimediaCyberjaya63100SelangorMalaysia Federal University of Piauí(UFPI) Teresina-PLBrazil Instituto de Telecomunicacoes Covilh?6201-001Portugal Department Computer Science and Technology Chang’an UniversityXi’anChina Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Howard UniversityWashingtonDCUSA

Bat algorithm(BA)is an eminent meta-heuristic algorithm that has been widely used to solve diverse kinds of optimization *** leverages the echolocation feature of bats produced by imitating the bats’searching *** faces premature convergence due to its local search *** of using the standard uniform walk,the Torus walk is viewed as a promising alternative to improve the local search *** this work,we proposed an improved variation of BA by applying torus walk to improve diversity and *** *** Computerized Bat Algorithm(MCBA)approach has been examined for fifteen well-known benchmark test *** finding of our technique shows promising performance as compared to the standard PSO and standard *** proposed MCBA,BPA,Standard PSO,and Standard BA have been examined for well-known benchmark test problems and training of the artificial neural network(ANN).We have performed experiments using eight benchmark datasets applied from the worldwide famous machine-learning(ML)repository of *** results have shown that the training of an ANN with MCBA-NN algorithm tops the list considering exactness,with more superiority compared to the traditional *** MCBA-NN algorithm may be used effectively for data classification and statistical problems in the future.

关键词： Bat algorithm MCBA ANN ML Torus walk

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