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Smart tailoring of molecular catalysts:Mounting approach to oxygen reduction reaction

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第1期168卷 169-184页

作者： Anuj Kumar Mohd Ubaidullah Guoxin Zhang Jasvinder Kaur Saira ajmal Mudassir Hasan Krishna Kumar Yadav Hafiz M.Adeel Sharif Ram K.Gupta Ghulam Yasin Nano-Technology Research Laboratory Department of ChemistryGLA UniversityMathuraUttar Pradesh 281406India Department of Chemistry College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdaoShandong 266590China Institute for Advanced Study Shenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdong 518060China Department of Chemistry Kansas Polymer Research CenterPittsburg State UniversityPittsburgKS 66762United States Faculty of Science and Technology Madhyanchal Professional UniversityRatibadBhopal 462044India Environmental and Atmospheric Sciences Research Group Scientific Research CenterAl-Ayen UniversityThi-QarNasiriyah 64001Iraq Department of Chemical Engineering King Khalid University Saudi Arabia Department of Chemistry School of SciencesIFTM UniversityMoradabadUttar Pradesh 244102India Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering Dongguan University of TechnologyDongguan 523808China School of Environment and Civil Engineering Dongguan University of TechnologyDongguanGuangdong 523808China

Efficient electrocatalytic rupture of energy-rich molecules(H_(2)and O_(2))is a green approach for gener-ating clean energy for modern societies.In this context,porphyry-type molecular electrocatalysts act intelligently toward oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),a fundamental process in fuel cells,due to their redox-rich chemistry,which involves core metal ions and macrocyclic ligands.The concerned scientific community has tried many times to correlate the ORR intermediates with their formation kinetics and simplify the associated multi H+/e-stages during the ORR process,constructing several volcano plots be-tween catalytic Tafel data,turnover frequencies,and overpotentials for many electrocatalysts.Despite the fact that many review articles on molecular electrocatalysts for ORR have been published,understanding the strategic implications and molecular catalyst intelligence towards homogenous ORR has been poorly explored.This review examined the relationships between volcano plots of current vs.thermodynamic parameters and the Sabatier principle in order to explain the intelligence of molecular electrocatalysts and approaches for their creation,as well as the difficulties and potential prospects of molecular electro-catalysts.These facts distinguish this review from previously published articles and will pique the scien-tific community’s interest in avoiding trial-and-error procedures for catalyst creation while also allowing for more exact evaluations of the molecular catalyst’s performance.

关键词： Electrocatalysis Molecular catalysts Oxygen reduction reaction Sabatier principle

Frequency of otitis media with effusion among children aged 1-5 years presenting to immunization center of tertiary care hospitals,Rawalpindi

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2022年第4期8卷 315-320页

作者： Nida Riaz muhammad ajmal muhammad Sheharyar khan Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Holy Family HospitalRawalpindiPakistan Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery HBS Medical CollegeIslamabadPakistan Rawalpindi Medical University RawalpindiPakistan

Objective:We conducted this study to assess the etiopathogenic relation of otitis media with effusion(OME)in a group of children aged 1-5 years among the local population of Rawalpindi.Methods:This was a cross-sectional retrospective study.Study was conducted among the children presenting to the immunization center of three tertiary care hospitals of Rawalpindi.Otitis media was assessed by clinical examination and tympanometry from August 2019 to January 2020.Multi-factor regression analysis was then applied to recognize the statistical significance and association of various risk factors to OME.Results:Out of 400 children enrolled in this study,108(27.0%)had OME,out of which 65(60.2%)were males and 30(27.8%)were of age group 2-3 years.Multivariable regression analysis of risk factors associated with OME showed it was strongly associated with snoring(P<0.001),last year symptoms(attack of ear aches with hearing loss[P=0.002]),drugs(URTI antibiotics[P=0.026],All 3 drugs[P=0.013]).Conclusions:We found out that OME is a common disease which if not identified or treated timely can lead to other hard to cure health problems.Control of its etiopathogenic factors can play a major role in its prevention.

关键词： Etiology Low resource country Otitis media with effusion Prevelance Tympanometry

A novel variant of GALC in a familial case of Krabbe disease:Insights from structural bioinformatics and molecular dynamics simulation

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Genes & Diseases 2023年第6期10卷 2263-2266页

作者： Ikram Ullah muhammad Waqas muhammad Ilyas Sobia Ahsan Halim Akmal Ahmad Natalia Dominik Wahid Ullah muhammad Abbas muhammad Aamir Henry Houlden Stephanie Efthymiou ajmal khan Ahmed Al-Harrasi Centre for Omic Sciences Islamia College University PeshawarPeshawarKhyber Pakhtunkhwa 25120Pakistan Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Hazara UniversityMansehraDhodial 21120Pakistan Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center University of NizwaNizwa 616Sultanate of Oman Department of Bioengineering University of Engineering and Applied SciencesSwatKhyber Pakhtunkhwa 19060Pakistan Department of Neuromuscular Disorders UCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondon WC1N 3BGUnited Kingdom

Krabbe disease or globoid cell leukodystrophy(GLD;MIM#245200)is a rare and fatal lysosomal storage disease with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance that results from the deficiency of galactocerebrosidase(GALC;E.C.3.***.1.46),a lysosomal enzyme encoded by the GALC gene.1 GALC breaks down galactosylceramide,a cerebroside located mainly in the myelin sheath.Defects in GALC cause the accumulation of a cytotoxic metabolite,galactosylsphingosine or psychosine,which can be toxic to oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells.2 The failure to digest galactosylceramide triggers the formation of multi-nucleated globoid cells,causing severe demyelination,axonopathy,and neuronal death.3 The reported frequency of Krabbe disease is 1 in 100,000 live births with symptoms including irritability,loss of motor ability,spasticity,ataxia,visual dysfunction,seizures,andcognitive impairment.

关键词： dynamics birth GAL

Theoretical evaluation of dielectric materials for lightning energy harvesting system

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Clean Energy 2022年第6期6卷 869-878页

作者： Saad Uddina Jinan Gua muhammad ajmal School of Mechanical Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China School of Agricultural Equipment Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China

This study describes the hypothetical approach to system design to collect and store electrical energy present in a flash of lightning.The system’s operations include the attraction and handling of the electrical charge obtained from lightning flashes.Performance differences arise from three different dielectric materials(rutile,mica and quartz)and the results define the estimated response of the storage system,including charge storage.All the results in this article were obtained through simulation or demonstrated mathematically showing the estimated outcomes of the system.The findings demonstrate that each dielectric material has its own advantages and disadvantages that influence the efficiency of the storage system.Through analysing the distinction of the three materials,it is observed that mica is the most suitable dielectric material,as it has the greatest dielectric strength,which is the main factor in the handling of charge.

关键词： lightning energy capacitor design harvesting system renewable energy

Regio-and enantioselective formation of tetrazole-bearing quaternary stereocenters via palladium-catalyzed allylic amination

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Organic Chemistry Frontiers 2022年第2期9卷 456-461页

作者： Shahid khan Yu Wang Mei-Na Zhang Shahida Perveen Junjie Zhang ajmal khan Department of Chemistry School of ChemistryXi’an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry and MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed MatterXi’an Jiao Tong UniversityXi’an 710049P.R.China

Based on palladium-catalyzed allylic amination reaction,the first general example of enantioselective formation of a tetrazole-bearing quaternary stereocenter has been developed.The protocol uses ambivalent tetrazole and vinyl cyclic carbonates as easily available coupling partners.This operationally simple methodology is further characterized by its wide substrate scope,high enantioselectivity and excellent branched to linear regioselectivity,thus unlocking a new platform that permits the synthesis of elusive quaternary N2-allylic tetrazoles,even in the context of late-stage functionalization.

关键词： quaternary palladium catalyzed

Assessment of Genetic Variation Within Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea) Germplasm Using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Markers

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2008年第4期50卷 385-392页

作者： muhammad Ayub khan Malik Ashiq Rabbani muhammad Munir Saifullah khan ajmal muhammad Azim Malik Oilseed Research Program National Agricultural Research Center Park Road Islamabad 45500 Pakistan Institute of Agri-Biotechnology & Genetic Resources National Agricultural Research Center Park Road Islamabad 45500 Pakistan University of Arid Agriculture Rawalpindi Pakistan

Genetic diversity among 45 Indian mustard （Brassica juncea L.） genotypes comprising 37 germplasm collections, five advance breeding lines and three improved cultivars was investigated at the DNA level using the random amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD） technique. Fifteen primers used generated a total of 92 RAPD fragments, of which 81 （88%） were polymorphic. Of these, 13 were unique to accession ‘Pak85559＇. Each primer produced four to nine amplified products with an average of 6.13 bands per primer. Based on pairwise comparisons of RAPD amplification products, Nei and Li＇s similarity coefficients were calculated to evaluate the relationships among the accessions. Pairwise similarity indices were higher among the oilseed accessions and cultivars showing narrow ranges of 0.77-0.99. An unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages cluster analysis based on these genetic similarities placed most of the collections and oilseed cultivars close to each other, showing a low level of polymorphism between the accessions used. However, the clusters formed by oilseed collections and cultivars were comparatively distinct from that of advanced breeding lines. Genetically, all of the accessions were classified into a few major groups and a number of individual accessions. Advanced breeding lines were relatively divergent from the rest of the accessions and formed independent clusters. Clustering of the accessions did not show any pattern of association between the RAPD markers and the collection sites. A low level of genetic variability of oilseed mustard was attributed to the selection for similar traits and horticultural uses. Perhaps close parentage of these accessions further contributed towards their little diversity. The study demonstrated that RAPD is a simple and fast technique to compare the genetic relationship and pattern of variation among the gene pool of this crop.

关键词： Brassica juncea genetic diversity germplasm oilseed mustard Pakistan random amplified polymorphic DNA.

Resource Management in UAV Enabled MEC Networks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第3期74卷 4847-4860页

作者： muhammad Abrar Ziyad M.Almohaimeed Ushna ajmal Rizwan Akram Rooha Masroor muhammad Majid Hussain Bahauddin Zakariya University Department of Electrical EngineeringMultan60000Pakistan Department of Electrical Engineering College of EngineeringQassim UniversityBuraidah51452Saudi Arabia COMSATS University WAH Campus Islamabad47040Pakistan Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering University of South WalesPontypirddCF371DLUK

Mobile edge cloud networks can be used to offload computationally intensive tasks from Internet of Things(IoT)devices to nearby mobile edge servers,thereby lowering energy consumption and response time for ground mobile users or IoT devices.Integration of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)and the mobile edge computing(MEC)server will significantly benefit small,battery-powered,and energy-constrained devices in 5G and future wireless networks.We address the problem of maximising computation efficiency in U-MEC networks by optimising the user association and offloading indicator(OI),the computational capacity(CC),the power consumption,the time duration,and the optimal location planning simultaneously.It is possible to assign some heavy tasks to the UAV for faster processing and small ones to the mobile users(MUs)locally.This paper utilizes the k-means clustering algorithm,the interior point method,and the conjugate gradient method to iteratively solve the non-convex multi-objective resource allocation problem.According to simulation results,both local and offloading schemes give optimal solution.

关键词： Mobile edge computing internet of things UAVs ground mobile users

Spatio-temporal evolution characteristics and pattern formation of a gas–liquid interfacial AC current argon discharge plasma with a deionized water electrode

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Plasma Science and Technology 2021年第2期23卷 17-29页

作者： Hafiz Imran Ahmad QAZI muhammad ajmal khan 黄建军 SZU-CASIPP Joint Laboratory for Applied Plasma College of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060People's Republic of China Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084People's Republic of China

A discharge ignited by an AC power source in contact with deionized water as one of the electrodes is investigated.Immediately after initiation,the discharge exhibits a unique phenomenon:the gas-phase discharge is extended into the liquid.Later,a cone-like structure is observed at the liquid surface.Synchronous monitoring of current–voltage characteristics and liquid properties versus time suggests that the discharge shapes are functions of the liquid properties.The spatio-temporal profiles indicate the potential effects of water,ambient air impurities,and metastable argon on the discharge chemistry.This becomes more obvious near the liquid surface due to increasing production of various transient reactive species such as centerdot OH and NO centerdot.Moreover,it is revealed that thermalization of the rotational population distributions of the rotational states(N′⩽6,J′⩽13/2)in the Q1 branch of the OH(A2Σ+,υ′=0→X2Π3/2,υ′′=0)band ro-vibrational system is influenced by the humid environment near the liquid surface.In addition,the transient behaviors of instantaneous concentrations of long-lived reactive species(LRS)such as H2O2,NO−2,and NO−3 are observed with lengthening the discharge time.The production of multiple transient and LRS proposes AC excited gas–liquid argon discharge as a potential applicant in industrial wastewater cleaning,clinical medicine,and agriculture.

关键词： gas–liquid interface discharge emission patterns rotational temperature plasma chemistry

EA-RDSP: Energy Aware Rapidly Deployable Wireless Ad hoc System for Post Disaster Management

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第11期69卷 1725-1746页

作者： ajmal khan Mubashir Mukhtar Farman Ullah muhammad Bilal Kyung-Sup Kwak Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering COMSATS University IslamabadAttock43600Pakistan Division of Computer and Electronics Systems Engineering Hankuk University of Foreign StudiesYongin-si17035Korea Department of Information and Communication Engineering Inha UniversityIncheon22212Korea

In post disaster scenarios such as war zones floods and earthquakes,the cellular communication infrastructure can be lost or severely damaged.In such emergency situations,remaining in contact with other rescue response teams in order to provide inputs for both headquarters and disaster survivors becomes very necessary.Therefore,in this research work,a design,implementation and evaluation of energy aware rapidly deployable system named EA-RDSP is proposed.The proposed research work assists the early rescue workers and victims to transmit their location information towards the remotely located servers.In EA-RDSP,two algorithms are proposed i.e.,Hop count Assignment(HCA)algorithm and Maximum Neighbor Selection(MNS)algorithm.The EA-RDSP contains three types of nodes;the client node sends information about casualty in the disaster area to the server,the relay nodes transmit this information from client node to server nodes via multi-hop transmission,the server node receives messages sent by client node to alert rescue teams.The EAM-RDSP contains three types of nodes;the client node sends information about casualty in the disaster area to the server,the relay nodes transmit this information from client node to server nodes via multi-hop transmission,the server node receives messages sent by client node to alert rescue teams.The proposed EA-RDSP scheme is simulated using NS2 simulator and its performance is compared with existing scheme in terms of end-to-end delay,message delivery ratio,network overhead and energy consumption.

关键词： Disaster management neighbor selection device-to-device communication multi-hop relaying energy efficiency