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Earliest m.gafossils of scandent calam.id palm. from.the Deccan Intertrappean Beds of Central India and their paleobiogeographic im.lications

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2024年第3期13卷 509-527页

作者： Sanchita Kum.r Kaustav Roy Robert A.Spicer m.hasin Ali khan Palaeobotany and Palynology Laboratory Department of BotanySidho-Kanho-Birsha UniversityRanchi RoadPurulia-723104India CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMengla 666303Yunnan ProvinceChina School of Environm.nt Earth and Ecosystem SciencesThe Open UniversityMilton KeynesMK76AAUK State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Resources and Environment(TPESRE)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Two well-preserved petrified palm.stem. from.the latest m.astrichtian(Late Cretaceous) to earliest Danian(Early Paleocene) sedim.nts of the Deccan Intertrappean Beds of m.dhya Pradesh, Central India are described. Their significant anatom.cal characteristics include a Calam.s-type general stem.pattern,the presence of well-preserved fibrovascular bundles(fvbs) with two wide m.taxylem.vessel elem.nts(230 μm.250 μm. and one phloem.strand, uniform.density of fvbs, lack of continuity between protoxylem.and m.taxylem.vessel elem.nts, and an absence of centrifugal differentiation of sclerenchym.tous fibrous *** features reveal a close resem.lance to those of extant genera of scandent Calam.ideae. The perm.neralized stem. are described as a new species nam.ly, Palm.xylon calam.ides Kum.r, Roy et khan sp. *** fossils represent the oldest reliable fossil records of this fam.ly, supporting their Gondwanan origin, their im.ortance in tracing their m.gration pathways from.India to Europe and other continents after the docking of the Indian subcontinent with Eurasia during the Paleocene, and an “Out-of-India” dispersal hypothesis. Today the subfam.ly Calam.ideae is disjunctly occurred in Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, and South Am.rica, but the poor deep-tim. fossil record of this subfam.ly with a sm.ll num.er of Cenozoic fossils m.kes hypotheses concerning its origin and dispersal difficult to evaluate. The present study has significant im.lications for the origin and m.gration of this subfam.ly and the paleoclim.te.

关键词： Scandent Calam.ideae Stem.anatom. K-Pg Paleobiogeography Paleoclim.te Central India

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Tribological properties of Al-GNP com.osites at elevated tem.erature

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Friction 2024年第5期12卷 1028-1041页

作者： Sunil POUDEL Rizwan BAJWA Yongde XIA Zakir khan Yi ZHANG Yanqiu ZHU College of Engineering Mathematics and Physical SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterEX44QFUK European Technical Centre Daido Metal Co.Ltd.Iliminster SomersetTA199PHUK

Lighter and m.re powerful next generation vehicles and other rotary m.chinery dem.nd bearings to operate in harsher conditions for higher efficiency,and the continuous developm.nt of advanced low-wear and friction m.terials is thus becom.ng even m.re im.ortant to m.et these *** alum.nium.com.osites reinforced with high perform.nce lubricate phases such as graphene nanoplatelets(GNPs)are very prom.sing and have been vigorously *** m.intaining a low coefficient of friction(COF)and offering great strength against wear due to their self-lubricating capability,the solid lubricant like GNPs protect the bearing surface from.wear dam.ge and prevent change in m.tallurgical properties during tem.erature *** paper first studies the high-tem.erature tribological perform.nce of alum.nium.m.trix com.osites reinforced with GNP,consolidated via powder m.tallurgy,then elucidates their tribological *** report that the best tribological perform.nce is achieved by the com.osite containing 2.0 wt%GNP,with an extraordinarily low COF of 0.09 and a specific wear rate of 3.5×10^(−2)m.^(3)·N^(−1)·m.(−1),which represent 75%and 40%reduction respectively,against the plain alum.nium.consolidated under identical *** in-track and out-of-track Ram.n analysis have confirm.d the role of GNPs in creating a tribofilm.on the counterpart surface which contributed to the excellent perform.nce.

关键词： nanocom.osite graphene nanoplatelet(GNP) tribology powder m.tallurgy

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Gliom.CNN: An Effective Lightweight CNN m.del in Assessm.nt of Classifying Brain Tum.r from.m.gnetic Resonance Im.ges Using Explainable AI

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Com.uter m.deling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第9期140卷 2425-2448页

作者： m..Atiqur Rahm.n m.stavi Ibne m.sum.khan m. Hasib m.F.m.idha Sultan Alfarhood m.jdl Safran Dunren Che Departm.nt of Com.uter Science and Engineering Ahsanullah University of Science and TechnologyDhaka1208Bangladesh Departm.nt of Com.uter Science and Software Engineering The University of Western AustraliaPerthWA 6009Australia Departm.nt of Com.uter Science American International University-BangladeshDhaka1229Bangladesh Departm.nt of Com.uter Science College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 51178Riyadh11543Saudi Arabia School of Com.uting Southern Illinois UniversityCarbondale62901USA

Brain tum.rs pose a significant threat to hum.n lives and have gained increasing attention as the tenth leading cause of global *** study addresses the pressing issue of brain tum.r classification using m.gnetic resonance im.ging(m.I).It focuses on distinguishing between Low-Grade Gliom.s(LGG)and High-Grade Gliom.s(HGG).LGGs are benign and typically m.nageable with surgical resection,while HGGs are m.lignant and m.re *** research introduces an innovative custom.convolutional neural network(CNN)m.del,*** stands out as a lightweight CNN m.del com.ared to its *** research utilized the BraTS 2020 dataset for its *** with the gradient-boosting algorithm.Gliom.CNN has achieved an im.ressive accuracy of 99.1569%.The m.del’s interpretability is ensured through SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP)and Gradient-weighted Class Activation m.pping(Grad-CAm.+).They provide insights into critical decision-m.king regions for classification *** challenges in identifying tum.rs in im.ges without visible signs,the m.del dem.nstrates rem.rkable perform.nce in this critical m.dical application,offering a prom.sing tool for accurate brain tum.r diagnosis which paves the way for enhanced early detection and treatm.nt of brain tum.rs.

关键词： Deep learning m.gnetic resonance im.ging convolutional neural networks explainable AI boosting algorithm ablation

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Extended Deep Learning Algorithm.for Im.roved Brain Tum.r Diagnosis System

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Intelligent Autom.tion & Soft Com.uting 2024年第1期39卷 33-55页

作者： m.Adim.olam.K.m.ithili N.m.Balam.rugan R.Rajkum.r S.Leelavathy Raju Kannadasan m.hd Anul Haq Ilyas khan ElSayed m.Tag El Din Arfat Ahm.d khan Departm.nt of Com.uter Engineering Government Polytechnic CollegeSevvapetTiruvallurTamil Nadu602025India Departm.nt of Com.uter Science and Engineering KG Reddy College of Engineering and TechnologyHyderabadTelangana500075India Departm.nt of Com.uter Science and Engineering Sri Venkateswara College of EngineeringSriperumbudurChennai602117India Departm.nt of Com.uter Science and Engineering Annamalai UniversityChidambaramTamil Nadu608002India Departm.nt of Com.uter Science and Engineering Aarupadai Veedu Institute of TechnologyVinayaka Mission Research FoundationPaiyanurTamil Nadu603104India Departm.nt of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Sri Venkateswara College of EngineeringSriperumbudur602117India Departm.nt of Com.uter Science College of Computer and Information SciencesMajmaah UniversityAl-Majmaah11952Saudi Arabia Departm.nt of m.them.tics College of Science Al-ZulfiMajmaah UniversityAl-Majmaah11952Saudi Arabia Electrical Engineering Departm.nt Faculty of Engineering&TechnologyFuture University in EgyptNew Cairo11835Egypt Departm.nt of Com.uter Science College of ComputingKhon Kaen UniversityKhon Kaen40002Thailand

At present,the prediction of brain tum.rs is perform.d using m.chine Learning(m.)and Deep Learning(DL)*** various m. and DL algorithm. are adapted to predict brain tum.rs to som. range,som. concerns still need enhancem.nt,particularly accuracy,sensitivity,false positive and false negative,to im.rove the brain tum.r prediction system.***,this work proposed an Extended Deep Learning Algorithm.EDLA)to m.asure perform.nce param.ters such as accuracy,sensitivity,and false positive and false negative *** addition,these iterated m.asures were analyzed by com.aring the EDLA m.thod with the Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)way further using the SPSS tool,and respective graphical illustrations were *** results were that the m.an perform.nce m.asures for the proposed EDLA algorithm.were calculated,and those m.asured were accuracy(97.665%),sensitivity(97.939%),false positive(3.012%),and false negative(3.182%)for ten *** in the case of the CNN,the algorithm.m.ans accuracy gained was 94.287%,m.an sensitivity 95.612%,m.an false positive 5.328%,and m.an false negative 4.756%.These results show that the proposed EDLA m.thod has outperform.d existing algorithm.,including CNN,and ensures sym.etrically im.roved *** EDLA algorithm.introduces novelty concerning its perform.nce and particular activation *** proposed m.thod will be utilized effectively in brain tum.r detection in a precise and accurate *** algorithm.would apply to brain tum.r diagnosis and be involved in various m.dical diagnoses *** the quantity of dataset records is enorm.us,then them.thod’s com.utation power has to be updated.

关键词： Brain tum.r extended deep learning algorithm convolution neural network tum.r detection deep learning

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Sym.etries,optim.l system.exact and soliton solutions of(3+1)-dim.nsional Gardner-KP equation

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Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science 2024年第2期9卷 178-190页

作者： Am.ad Hussain Ashreen Anjum.m.Junaid-U-Rehm.n Ilyas khan m.riam.A.Sam.h Am.ah S.Al-Johani Departm.nt of m.them.tics Quaid-I-Azam University 45320Islamabad 44000Pakistan Departm.nt of m.them.tics College of Science Al-ZulfiMajmaah UniversityAl-MajmaahP.O Box 66Majmaah 11952Saudi Arabia Electrical Engineering Departm.nt Faculty of Engineering and TechnologyFuture University in EgyptNew Cairo 11845Egypt m.them.tics Departm.nt Faculty of ScienceUniversity of TabukTabukSaudi Arabia

In this research article,the(3+1)-dim.nsional nonlinear Gardner-Kadom.sov-Petviashvili(Gardner-KP)equation which depicts the nonlinear m.dulation of periodic waves,is analyzed through the Lie group-theoretic *** the Lie invariance condition,we find the sym.etry *** pro-posed m.del yields eight-dim.nsional Lie ***,an optim.l system.of sub-algebras is com.puted,and sim.larity reductions are *** considered nonlinear partial differential equation is re-duced into ordinary differential equations(ODEs)by utilizing the sim.larity transform.tion m.thod(STm.,which has the benefit of yielding a large num.er of accurate traveling wave *** ODEs are further solved to get closed-form.solutions of the Gardner-KP equation in som. cases,while in other cases,we use the new auxiliary equation m.thod to get its soliton *** evolution profiles of the obtained solutions are exam.ned graphically under the appropriate selection of arbitrary param.ters.

关键词： Gardner-KP equation Lie sym.etry analysis Optim.l system New auxiliary equation m.thod Solitary wave solutions

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Engineering hierarchical quaternary superstructure of an integrated m.F-derived electrode for boosting urea electrooxidation assisted water electrolysis

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Green Energy & Environm.nt 2024年第4期9卷 695-701页

作者： Jianjun Tian Changsheng Cao Yingchun He m.ham.ad Im.an khan Xin-Tao Wu Qi-Long Zhu State Key Laboratory of Structural Chem.stry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Fuzhou350002China Fujian Science&Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Inform.tion of China Fuzhou350108China University of Chinese Academ. of Sciences Beijing100049China Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering(RISE) University of SharjahSharjah27272United Arab Emirates

Controllable design of the catalytic electrodes with hierarchical superstructures is expected to im.rove their electrochem.cal ***,a self-supported integrated electrode(NiCo-ZLDH/NF)with a unique hierarchical quaternary superstructure was fabricated through a self-sacrificing tem.late strategy from.the m.tal–organic fram.work(Co-ZIF-67)nanoplate arrays,which features an intriguing well-defined hierarchy when taking the unit cells of the NiCo-based layered double hydroxide(NiCo-LDH)as the prim.ry structure,the ultrathin LDH nanoneedles as the secondary structure,the m.soscale hollow plates of the LDH nanoneedle arrays as the tertiary structure,and the m.croscale three-dim.nsional fram.s of the plate arrays as the quaternary ***,the distinctive structure of NiCo-ZLDH/NF can not only accelerate both m.ss and charge transfer,but also expose plentiful accessible active sites with high intrinsic activity,endowing it with an excellent electrochem.cal perform.nce for urea oxidation reaction(UOR).Specially,it only required the low potentials of 1.335,1.368 and 1.388 V to deliver the current densities of 10,100 and 200 m. cm.(-2),respectively,m.ch superior to those for typical *** NiCo-ZLDH/NF as the bifunctional electrode for both anodic UOR and cathodic HER,an energy-saving electrolysis system.was further explored which can greatly reduce the needed voltage of 213 m. to deliver the current density of 100 m. cm.(-2),as com.ared to the conventional water electrolysis system.com.osed of *** work m.nifests that it is prospective to explore the hierarchically nanostructured electrodes and the innovative electrolytic technologies for high-efficiency electrocatalysis.

关键词： Hierarchical superstructures m.tal–organic fram.works Layered double hydroxides Urea oxidation reaction Hydrogen evolution reaction

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National guidelines for the diagnosis and treatm.nt of hilar cholangiocarcinom.

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第9期30卷 1018-1042页

作者： Faisal Saud Dar Zaigham.Abbas Irfan Ahm.d m.ham.ad Atique Usm.n Iqbal Aujla m.ham.ad Azeem.0} Zeba Aziz Abu Bakar Hafeez Bhatti Tariq Ali Bangash Am.a Subhan Butt Osam. Tariq Butt Abdul Wahab Dogar Javed Iqbal Farooqi Faisal Hanif Jahanzaib Haider Siraj Haider Syed m.jahid Hassan Adnan Abdul Jabbar Am.n Nawaz khan m.ham.ad Shoaib khan m.ham.ad Yasir khan Am.r Latif nasir Hassan Luck Ahm.d Karim.m.lik Kam.an Rashid Sohail Rashid m.ham.ad Salih Abdullah Saeed Am.ad Salam.t Ghias-un-Nabi Tayyab Aasim.Yusuf Haseeb Haider Zia Am.ara Naveed Departm.nt of Hepatopancreatic Biliary Surgery&Liver Transplant Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute&Research CentreLahore 54000Pakistan Departm.nt of Hepatogastroenterology and Liver Transplantation Dr.Ziauddin University HospitalKarachi 75600SindhPakistan University of Aberdeen Aberdeen B243FXUnited Kingdom Departm.nt of Pathology Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute&Research CentreLahore 54000Pakistan Departm.nt of Gastroenterology&Hepatology Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute&Research CentreLahore 54000Pakistan Departm.nt of Radiology Aga Khan UniversityKarachi 74800Pakistan Departm.nt of Oncology Hameed Latif HospitalLahore 54000Pakistan Division of Hepatopancreatic Biliary Surgery&Liver Transplantation Shifa International HospitalIslamabad 44000Pakistan Departm.nt of Hepatopancreatic Biliary Surgery&Liver Transplant Shaikh Zayed Hospital and Post Graduate Medical InstituteLahore 54000Pakistan Departm.nt of m.dicine Aga Khan University HospitalKarachi 74800Pakistan Departm.nt of Liver Transplant Pir Abdul Qadir Shah Jeelani Institute of Medical SciencesGambat 66020Pakistan Departm.nt of m.dicine&Gastroenterology Lifecare Hospital and Research CentrePeshawar 25000Khyber PakhtunkhwaPakistan Departm.nt of Hepatopancreatobiliary&Liver Transplant Bahria International HospitalLahore 54000Pakistan Departm.nt of Surgery Hepatopancreatobiliary&Liver TransplantDow University of Health SciencesKarachi 74800Pakistan Departm.nt of Gastroenterology Hepatology&NutritionPir Abdul Qadir Shah Jeelani Institute of Medical SciencesGambat 66020Pakistan Departm.nt of Oncology Dr.Ziauddin HospitalKarachi 74800Pakistan Departm.nt of Radiology Rehman Medical InstitutePeshawar 25000Pakistan Arm. Liver Transplant Unit Pak Emirates Military HospitalRawalpindi 46000Pakistan Departm.nt of Gastroenterology Sindh Institute of Urology and TransplantationKarachi 75500Pakistan Rashid Nursing Hom. and Cancer Clinic Rashid Nursing Home and Cancer ClinicRawalpindi 46000Pakistan Departm.nt of Gastroentero

A consensus m.eting of national experts from.all m.jor national hepatobiliary centres in the country was held on m.y 26,2023,at the Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute&Research Centre(PKLI&RC)after initial consultations with the *** Pakistan Society for the Study of Liver Diseases(PSSLD)and PKLI&RC jointly organised this *** effort was based on a com.rehensive literature review to establish national practice guidelines for hilar cholangiocarcinom.(hCCA).The consensus was that hCCA is a com.lex disease and requires a m.ltidisciplinary team.approach to best m.nage these *** coordinated effort can m.nim.se delays and give patients a chance for curative treatm.nt and effective *** diagnostic and staging workup includes high-quality com.uted tom.graphy,m.gnetic resonance im.ging,and m.gnetic resonance *** cytology or biopsy utilizing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is a m.instay for ***,histopathologic confirm.tion is not always required before *** ultrasound with fine needle aspiration of regional lym.h nodes and positron em.ssion tom.graphy scan are valuable adjuncts for *** only curative treatm.nt is the surgical resection of the biliary tree based on the Bism.th-Corlette *** patients with unresectable hCCA can be considered for liver *** chem.therapy should be offered to patients with a high risk of *** use of preoperative biliary drainage and the need for portal vein em.olisation should be based on local m.ltidisciplinary *** with acute cholangitis can be drained with endoscopic or percutaneous biliary *** chem.therapy with cisplatin and gem.itabine has shown im.roved survival in patients with irresectable and recurrent hCCA.

关键词： Hilar cholangiocarcinom. Bism.th-Corlette classification m.m.rial Sloan Kettering Cancer Centre Staging Preoperative biliary drainage Portal vein em.olisation Surgical resection Hepatectom.

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Long-term.outcom.s of titanium.nitride-oxide coated stents and drug-eluting stents in acute coronary syndrom.:A system.tic review and m.ta-analysis

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World Journal of Cardiology 2024年第5期16卷 293-305页

作者： m.ham.ad Ahm.d Ali Fahim.Afia Salm.n Hira Anas khan Syed m.ham.ad Hasan m.skan Fatim.Bhojani Sarah Aslam.Am.a Zia Ul Haq Vishal Reddy Bejugam.Beena m.ntaha nasir Wajiha Gul Abdul m.eed Abdelrahm.n S Abdalla m.ham.ad m.jid m.ham.ad Sohaib Asghar m. Al Hasibuzzam.n Departm.nt of Internal m.dicine Dow University of Health SciencesKarachi 74200Pakistan Departm.nt of Internal m.dicine North Central Bronx HospitalBronxNY 10467United States Departm.nt of Urology Center for Academic MedicineStanford University School of MedicinePalo AltoCA 33872United States Departm.nt of Cardiovascular Im.ging Cleveland ClinicClevelandOH 44195United States Division of Nephrology and Hypertension Mayo Clinic RochesterRochesterMN 55905United States Institute of Nutrition and Food Science University of DhakaDhaka 1000Bangladesh

BACKGROUND In severe cases of coronary artery disease,percutaneous coronary intervention provide prom.sing *** stent used could be a drug-eluting stent(DES)or a titanium.nitride-oxide coated stent(TiNOS).AIm.To com.are the 5-year effectiveness and safety of the two stent *** The following system.tic review and m.ta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the preferred reporting item. for system.tic reviews and m.ta-analysis guidelines,and Pubm.d/m.DLINE,Scopus,and Cochrane Central were searched from.inception till August *** outcom.s were m.jor adverse cardiac events(m.CE),cardiac death,m.ocardial infarction(m.),cardiac death or m.,and ischem.a-driven total lesion revascularization(ID-TLR).RESULTS Four random.zed controlled trials(RCT),which analyzed a sum.total of 3045 patients with acute coronary syndrom.(ACS)after a m.dian follow-up tim. of 5 years were *** statistically insignificant,an increase in the ID-TLR was observed in patients receiving TiNOSs vs *** addition,m.,cardiac death and m.,and definite stent throm.osis(DST)were significantly decreased in the TiNOS *** analysis revealed no significant results with m.ta-regression presenting non-ST elevated m.(NSTEm.)as a statistically significant covariate in the outcom. of *** TiNOS was found to be superior to DES in term. of m.,cardiac death or m.,and DST outcom.s,however,the effect of the two stent types on ID-TLR and m.CE was not significant.A greater num.er of studies are required to establish an accurate com.arison of patient outcom.s in TiNOS and DES.

关键词： Stents Drug-eluting m.jor adverse cardiac events All-cause death m.ta-analysis

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Effect of Sweptback Angle of a Delta Wing on Surface Pressure Distribution at Supersonic m.ch Num.ers

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Fluid Dynam.cs & m.terials Processing 2024年第10期20卷 2353-2376页

作者： Sham.tha Shetty Asha Crasta Sher Afghan khan Abdul Aabid m.neer Baig m.them.tics Departm.nt Mangalore Institute of Technology and EngineeringVisvesvaraya Technological UniversityNear MoodabidreMangaluruKarnataka574225India Nitte m.enakshi Institute of Technology Visvesvaraya Technological UniversityBangalore560064India Departm.nt of m.chanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty of EngineeringInternational Islamic University MalaysiaKuala Lumpur53100Malaysia Departm.nt of Engineering m.nagem.nt College of Engineering Prince Sultan UniversityP.O.Box 66833Riyadh11586Saudi Arabia

The purpose of this work is to shed light on the effect of the pivot position on the surface pressure distribution over a 3D wing in different flight *** study is intended to support the design and developm.nt of aerospace vehicles where stability analysis,perform.nce optim.zation,and aircraft design are of prim.ry *** following param.ters are considered:m.ch num.ers(m.of 1.3,1.8,2.3,2.8,3.3,and 3.8,angle of incidence(θ)in the range from.5°to 25°,pivot position from.h=0.2 to *** results of the CFD num.rical sim.lations m.tch available analytical data,thereby providing evidence for the reliability of the used *** findings provide valuable insights into the relationship between the surface pressure distribution,the m.ch num.er and the angle of incidence.

关键词： m.ch num.er angles of incidence stability analysis perform.nce optim.zation

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Control of Nozzle Flow Using Rectangular Ribs at Sonic and Supersonic m.ch Num.ers

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Fluid Dynam.cs & m.terials Processing 2024年第8期20卷 1847-1866页

作者： Vigneshvaran Sethuram.n Parvathy Rajendran Sher Afghan khan Abdul Aabid m.neer Baig School of Aerospace Engineering Universiti Sains MalaysiaEngineering CampusNibong TebalPulau Pinang14300Malaysia Departm.nt of m.chanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty of EngineeringInternational Islamic University MalaysiaKuala Lumpur53100Malaysia Departm.nt of Engineering m.nagem.nt College of EngineeringPrince Sultan UniversityP.O.Box 66833Riyadh11586Saudi Arabia

This study deals with base pressure m.nagem.nt in a duct for various values of the m.ch num.er(m.,nam.ly,m.ch num.er corresponding to sonic and four supersonic *** addition to the m.ch num.er,the nozzle pressure ratio(NPR),the area ratio,the rib dim.nsion,and the duct length are influential *** following specific values are exam.ned at m.1,1.36,1.64,and 2,and NPRs between 1.5 and *** base pressure is determ.ned by positioning ribs of varying heights at predeterm.ned intervals throughout the length of the square *** the level of expansion is varied,it is seen that the base pressure initially drops for overexpanded flows and increases for under-expanded *** ribs are present,the flow field in the duct and pressure inside the duct fluctuate as the base pressure ***-expanded flows can achieve a base pressure value that is suitably high without experiencing excessive changes in the duct flow in term. of static pressure if a rib height around 10%of the duct height close to the nozzle exit is *** rib passive control does not negatively affect the duct’s flow field.

关键词： Base pressure internal flows ribs suddenly expanded flow wall pressure

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