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Annual growth of Fagus orientalis is limited by spring drought conditions in Iran’s Golestan Province

Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第1期35卷 128-142页

作者： khalil ghorbani Jahangir Mohammadi Laleh Rezaei Ghaleh Department of Water Engineering Faculty of Water and Soil EngineeringGorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesGorganIran Department of Forestry Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesGorganIran Department of Water Engineering Faculty of AgricultureUrmia UniversityUrmiaIran

Due to the lack of a uniform and accurate defi-nition of‘drought’,several indicators have been introduced based on different variables and methods,and the efficiency of each of these is determined according to their relationship with drought.The relationship between two drought indices,SPI(standardized precipitation index)and SPEI(standard-ized precipitation-evapotranspiration index)in different sea-sons was investigated using annual rings of 15 tree samples to determine the effect of drought on the growth of oriental beech(Fagus orientalis Lipsky)in the Hyrcanian forests of northern Iran.The different evapotranspiration calcula-tion methods were evaluated on SPEI efficiency based on Hargreaves-Samani,Thornthwaite,and Penman-Monteith methods using the step-by-step M5 decision tree regression method.The results show that SPEI based on the Penman-Monteith in a three-month time scale(spring)had similar temporal changes and a better relationship with annual tree rings(R^(2)=0.81)at a 0.05 significant level.Abrupt change and a decreasing trend in the time series of annual tree rings are similar to the variation in the SPEI based on the Penman-Monteith method.Factors affecting evapotranspiration,temperature,wind speed,and sunshine hours(used in the Penman-Monteith method),increased but precipitation decreased.Using non-linear modeling methods,SPEI based on Penman-Monteith best illustrated climate changes affecting tree growth.

关键词： Climate change Drought index Hyrcanian forests SPEI'Annual growth rings Fagus orientalis

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The benefits of neuroinflammation for the repair of the injured central nervous system

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2019年第6期16卷 540-546页

作者： Heather Y.F.Yong khalil S.Rawji Samira ghorbani Mengzhou Xue V.Wee Yong University of Calgary CalgaryCanada The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University ZhengzhouChina

Inflammation of the nervous system(neuroinflammation)is now recognized as a hallmark of virtually all neurological disorders.In neuroinflammatory conditions such as multiple sclerosis,there is prominent infiltration and a long-lasting representation of various leukocyte subsets in the central nervous system(CNS)parenchyma.Even in classic neurodegenerative disorders,where such immense inflammatory infiltrates are absent,there is still evidence of activated CNS-intrinsic microglia.The consequences of excessive and uncontrolled neuroinflammation are injury and death to neural elements,which manifest as a heterogeneous set of neurological symptoms.However,it is now readily acknowledged,due to instructive studies from the peripheral nervous system and a large body of CNS literature,that aspects of the neuroinflammatory response can be beneficial for CNS outcomes.The recognized benefits of inflammation to the CNS include the preservation of CNS constituents(neuroprotection),the proliferation and maturation of various neural precursor populations,axonal regeneration,and the reformation of myelin on denuded axons.Herein,we highlight the benefits of neuroinflammation in fostering CNS recovery after neural injury using examples from multiple sclerosis,traumatic spinal cord injury,stroke,and Alzheimer’s disease.We focus on CNS regenerative responses,such as neurogenesis,axonal regeneration,and remyelination,and discuss the mechanisms by which neuroinflammation is pro-regenerative for the CNS.Finally,we highlight treatment strategies that harness the benefits of neuroinflammation for CNS regenerative responses.

关键词： inflammation benefits instru

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