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Decoding molecular mechanisms:brain aging and alzheimer's disease

Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2279-2299页

作者： Mahnoor Hayat Rafay ali Syed Hammad Qaiser Mohammad Uzair khalid.al-regaiey Roaa Khallaf Lubna Abdullah Mohammed albassam Imdad Kaleem Xueyi Wang Ran Wang Mehwish SBhatti Shahid Bashir Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences(ASAB) National University of Sciences and Technology(NUST)IslamabadPakistan Department of Biotechnology Quaid-i-Azam UniversityIslamabadPakistan Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Basic&Applied SciencesInternational Islamic University Islamabad(IIUI)IslamabadPakistan Department of Bioengineering King Fahd University of Petroleum and MineralsDhahranSaudi Arabia Department of Physiology College of MedicineKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia Department of Neurology Neuroscience CenterKing Fahad Specialist HospitalDammamSaudi Arabia Department of Mental Health Neuroscience CenterKing Fahad Specialist HospitalDammamSaudi Arabia Department of Biosciences Commission on Science and Technology for Sustainable Development in the South(COMSATS University)IslamabadPakistan Department of Psychiatry The First Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangHebei ProvinceChina Mental Health Institute of Hebei Medical University ShijiazhuangHebei ProvinceChina Department of Neurobiology and Behavior University of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA Neuroscience Center King Fahad Specialist Hospital DammamDammamSaudi Arabia

The complex morphological,anatomical,physiological,and chemical mechanisms within the aging brain have been the hot topic of research for *** aging process alters the brain structure that affects functions and cognitions,but the worsening of such processes contributes to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders,such as alzheimer's *** these observable,mild morphological shifts,significant functional modifications in neurotransmission and neuronal activity critically influence the aging *** these changes is important for maintaining cognitive health,especially given the increasing prevalence of age-related conditions that affect *** review aims to explore the age-induced changes in brain plasticity and molecular processes,differentiating normal aging from the pathogenesis of alzheimer's disease,thereby providing insights into predicting the risk of dementia,particularly alzheimer's disease.

关键词： alzheimer’s disease brain aging cognitive health dementia molecular mechanisms neuronal activity neuroplasticity neurotransmission

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Structural, electronic, and optical studies of chalcogenides stannite Cu2CdSnX4（X=S, Se, and Te）: insights from the DFT study

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Optoelectronics Letters 2025年第2期21卷 69-76页

作者： Jamal GUERROUM Mohamed al-HATTAB Lhoucine MOUDOU khalid RAHMANI Youssef LACHTIOUI Omar BAJJOU Laboratory of Engineering in Chemistry and Physics of Matter Faculty of Sciences and Technics Sultan Moulay Slimane University Ecole Normale Supérieure Mohammed V University in Rabat College of Graduate Studies University of South Africa

In this paper,we have calculated the structural,electronic,and optical properties of chalcogenide stannite Cu2CdSnX4（X=S,Se,Te） *** calculations are based on the density functional theory （DFT） method and are performed using the Cambridge sequential total energy package （CASTEP） code included in the Biovia Material Studio 20 *** optical properties have been studied in a domain that extends energetically from 10 meV to 40 *** results show that Cu2CdSnX4（X=S,Se,Te） stannite exhibits absorption in the visible region,the refractive index decreases with increasing energy,and the refractive index values are n=3.2,3.73 and 3.75 for Cu2CdSnS4,Cu2CdSnSe4and Cu2CdSnTe4,*** show also high conductivity,which implies that this material is promising for solar *** results argue in favor of the use of these materials in various potential *** density of state,band structures,and structural properties of Cu2CdSnX4（X=S,Se,and Te） stannite are also studied in this work.

关键词： Refractive index

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Status and prospects for symmetric organic redox flow batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 125-143页

作者： Md al Raihan C.Adam Dyker Department of Chemistry University of New Brunswick

As environmental concerns from fossil fuel consumption intensify, large-scale energy storage becomes imperative for the integration of renewable sources like wind, hydro, and solar with the electrical *** flow batteries, particularly those employing organic molecules, are positioned as a key technology for this purpose. This review explores the growing field of symmetric organic redox flow batteries(ORFBs) within this context. Unlike traditional asymmetric designs based on unique active materials for each electrode, symmetric ORFBs involve a single bipolar species for both electrodes. This review highlights the benefits of a symmetric design, and categorizes five distinct classes of organic bipolar molecules used in both aqueous and non-aqueous solvents. By providing a comprehensive overview of their cell cycling and performance characteristics, the strengths and weaknesses of the diverse categories of bipolar molecules are highlighted for both solvent systems, as are opportunities for future development. This should guide new research directions and advance the development of practical symmetric ORFBs.

关键词： Redox flow battery Symmetric battery Organic battery Aqueous electrolyte Non-aqueous electrolyte

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Nanosecond pulse and dual-wavelength Q-switched 1.5 μm fiber laser using MAX phase Cr2TialC2 saturable absorber

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Optoelectronics Letters 2025年第1期21卷 7-12页

作者： Ahmed Shakir al-HITI Hiba HASSAN Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Anbar Department of Laser and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Technology-Iraq

We demonstrated a new type of MAX phase material, chromium titanium aluminum carbide（Cr2TialC2） polymer film, to generate a passively Q-switched erbium-doped fiber laser（EDFL）. The film thickness was measured to be around 45 μm, which was fabricated using the embedding method with polyvinyl alcohol（PVA） polymer as hoster. The saturable absorber（SA） film demonstrates a dual-wavelength passively Q-switched EDFL which operates at 1 531 nm and 1 560.19 nm, respectively. The Q-switching pulse duration could be varied from 2.46 μs to 770 ns, while the repetition rate varied from 92.76 kHz to 106.6 kHz with an increasing input pumping range from 154 mW to 300 mW. The maximum output power and pulse energy of 15.05 mW and 141.18 nJ were obtained at the maximum input power of 300 mW, respectively.

关键词： Saturable absorbers

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Comparative chemical sensor for detection of chromium(Ⅵ) in aqueous solution

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Optoelectronics Letters 2025年第1期21卷 21-27页

作者： Sura H.al-REKABI A.A.alWAHIB Electrical Technique Department Al Suwayrah Technical Institute Middle Technical University Laser and Optoelectronics Department University of Technology-Iraq

A process for purifying aqueous solutions containing heavy and toxic metals such as chromium（Cr） has been investigated. One of the extremely harmful pollutants in rivers and seawater is the heavy metal ions due to their direct impacts on human, animals and plants are hexavalent Cr（Ⅵ）. Consequently, highly sensitive sensor to detect Cr is essential. Surface plasmon resonance（SPR） technique has attracted huge research interest in detecting heavy metals specifically. In this study, three types of prism-based SPR sensor, gold（Au）/silver（Ag）, Au/polyaniline（PANI） and Au/titanium dioxide（TiO2） nanostructured films, are investigated as potential sensing material to detect the presence of Cr（Ⅵ） ions in water. The base Au layer with thickness of 48.3 nm is deposited on a glass slide for all sensors. For Au/Ag, Au/PANI nanofibers and Au/TiO2sensor films, the Cr（Ⅵ） concentration is varied from 1 ppm to 15 ppm with sensitivity of 0.270 °ppm-1, 0.082 °ppm-1and 0.039 °ppm-1, respectively. Based on these results, the Au/PANI nanofibers are the most sensitive to Cr（Ⅵ） among the tested sensing materials.

关键词： Titanium dioxide

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Effects of P301L-TAU on post-translational modifications of microtubules in human iPSC-derived cortical neurons and TAU transgenic mice

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2348-2360页

作者： Mohamed Aghyad al Kabbani Christoph Köhler Hans Zempel Institute of Human Genetics Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne(CMMC) University of CologneCologneGermany Center Anatomy Department ⅡMedical FacultyUniversity of CologneCologneGermany

TAU is a microtubule-associated protein that promotes microtubule assembly and stability in the *** is missorted and aggregated in an array of diseases known as *** are essential for neuronal function and regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications,changes of which affect microtubule stability and dynamics,microtubule interaction with other proteins and cellular structures,and mediate recruitment of microtubule-severing *** impairment of microtubule dynamics causes neuronal dysfunction,we hypothesize cognitive impairment in human disease to be impacted by impairment of microtubule *** therefore aimed to study the effects of a disease-causing mutation of TAU(P301L)on the levels and localization of microtubule post-translational modifications indicative of microtubule stability and dynamics,to assess whether P301L-TAU causes stability-changing modifications to *** investigate TAU localization,phosphorylation,and effects on tubulin post-translational modifications,we expressed wild-type or P301L-TAU in human MAPT-KO induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons(i Neurons)and studied TAU in neurons in the hippocampus of mice transgenic for human P301L-TAU(p R5 mice).Human neurons expressing the longest TAU isoform(2N4R)with the P301L mutation showed increased TAU phosphorylation at the AT8,but not the p-Ser-262 epitope,and increased polyglutamylation and acetylation of microtubules compared with endogenous TAU-expressing neurons.P301L-TAU showed pronounced somatodendritic presence,but also successful axonal enrichment and a similar axodendritic distribution comparable to exogenously expressed 2N4R-wildtype-TAU.P301L-TAU-expressing hippocampal neurons in transgenic mice showed prominent missorting and tauopathy-typical AT8-phosphorylation of TAU and increased polyglutamylation,but reduced acetylation,of microtubules compared with non-transgenic *** sum,P301L-TAU results in changes in micr

关键词： human induced pluripotent stem cell microtubules P301L pR5 mice TAU tauopathy tubulin code

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Rough singular integrals associated to surfaces of revolution on product spaces

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2025年

作者： Hussain al-QASSEM Leslie CHENG Yibiao PAN Mathematics Program Department of Mathematics Statistics and Physics College of Arts and Sciences Qatar University Department of Mathematics Bryn Mawr College Department of Mathematics University of Pittsburgh

We study the Lpboundedness of singular integral operators along surfaces of revolution on product spaces. The Lpboundedness for these operators are obtained under very weak conditions on kernels. Our results are new and they improve several previously known results. Furthermore, they are natural extensions of many known results on singular integrals in the one-parameter setting and they subsume many other corresponding results on the product space setting.

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Genes and proteins expressed at different life cycle stages in the model protist Euplotes vannus revealed by both transcriptomic and proteomic approaches

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 232-248页

作者： Yaohan Jiang Xiao Chen Chundi Wang Liping Lyu Saleh A.al-Farraj Naomi A.Stover Feng Gao Key Laboratory of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity (Ministry of Education) and Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity Ocean University of China Marine College Shandong University Zoology Department College of ScienceKing Saud University Department of Biology Bradley University Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center

Sexual reproduction first appeared in unicellular protists and has continued to be an essential biological process in almost all *** protists, which contain both germline and somatic genomes within a single cell, have evolved a special form of sexual reproduction called conjugation that involves mitosis, meiosis, fertilization, nuclear differentiation, genome rearrangement, and the development of unique cellular structures. The molecular basis and mechanisms of conjugation vary dramatically among ciliates, and many details of the process and its regulation are still largely unknown. In order to better comprehend these processes and mechanisms from an evolutionary perspective, this study provides the first comprehensive overview of the transcriptome and proteome profiles during the entire life cycle of the newly-established marine model ciliate Euplotes vannus. Transcriptome analyses from 14 life cycle stages(three vegetative stages and 11 sexual stages) revealed over 26,000 genes that are specifically expressed at different stages, many of which are related to DNA replication,transcription, translation, mitosis, meiosis, nuclear differentiation, and/or genome rearrangement. Quantitative proteomic analyses identified 338 proteins with homologs associated with conjugation and/or somatic nuclear development in other ciliates, including dicer-like proteins, Hsp90 proteins, RNA polymerase Ⅱ and transcription elongation factors, ribosomal-associated proteins, and ubiquitin-related proteins. Four of these homologs belong to the PIWI family, each with different expression patterns identified and confirmed by RT-qPCR,which may function in small RNA-mediated genome rearrangement. Proteins involved in the nonhomologous end-joining pathway are induced early during meiosis and accumulate in the developing new somatic nucleus, where more than 80% of the germline sequences are eliminated from the somatic genome. A number of new candidate genes and proteins likely t

关键词： sexual reproduction transcriptomic proteomic genome rearrangement PIWI NHEJ

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Effect of acid etching on marginal adaptation of mineral trioxide aggregate to apical dentin:microcomputed tomography and scanning electron microscopy analysis

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International Journal of Oral Science 2012年第4期4卷 202-207页

作者： khalid.al-Fouzan Ziad al-Garawi khalid.al-Hezaimi Fawad Javed Thakib al-Shalan Ilan Rotstein Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Growth Factors and Bone Regeneration 3D Imaging and Biomechanical LaboratoryCollege of Applied Medical SciencesKing Saud University Division of Endodontics King Abdulaziz Medical CityNational Guard Hospital Dental Service Department Ministry of Interior Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry College of DentistryKing Saud University Divisions of Endodontics Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery and OrthodonticsHerman Ostrow School of Dentistry of University of Southern California

The present investigation assessed the effect of acid etching on marginal adaptation of white- and gray-colored mineral trioxide aggregate （MTA） to apical dentin using microcomputed tomography （micro-CT） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. Sixty-four extracted single-rooted human maxillary teeth were used. Following root-end resection and apical preparation, the teeth were equally divided into four groups according to the following root end filling materials：（i） white-colored MTA （WMTA）, （ii） etched WMTA （EWMTA）, （iii） gray-colored MTA （GMTA） and （iv） etched GMTA （EGMTA）. After 48 h, the interface between root-end filling materials and the dentinal walls was assessed using micro-CT and SEM. Data were statistically analyzed using the KruskaI-Wallis and Dunn tests. Micro-CT analysis revealed gap volumes between the apical cavity dentin walls and EGMTA, GMTA, EWMTA and WMTA of （0.007 1±0.004） mm3, （0.053±0.002） mm3, （0.003 6±0.001） mm3 and （0.005 9±0.002） mm3 respectively. SEM analysis revealed gap sizes for EGMTA, WMTA, EWMTA and GMTA to be （492.3±13.8） μm, （594.5±17.12）μm, （543.1±15.33） μm and （910.7±26.2）μm respectively. A significant difference in gap size between root end preparations filled with GMTA and EGMTA was found （P〈O.05）. No significance difference in gap size between WMTA and EWMTA were found in either SEM or micro-CT analysis. In conclusion, pre-etching of apical dentin can provide a better seal for GMTA but not for WMTA.

关键词： acid etching biocompatibility mineral trioxide aggregate root end filling

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Characteristics of newly-formed cementum following emdogain application

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International Journal of Oral Science 2011年第1期3卷 21-26页

作者： khalid.al-Hezaimi Mansour al-Askar Abdulaziz al-Rasheed Eng.A.B.Bagshan Growth Factors and Bone Regeneration Research Chair King Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia Department of Periodontology School of Dentistry King Saud UniversityRiyadh Saudi Arabia Eng.A.B.Bagshan Growth Factors and Bone Regeneration Research Chair King Saud UniversityRiyadh Saudi Arabia Department of Periodontology School of Dentistry King Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia

Periodontal regenerative techniques have been proposed; however, the outcomes remain debatable. The present investigation assessed the regenerated cementum following enamel matrix derivative application in dehiscence-type defects. Buccal osseous dehiscences were surgically created on the maxillary cuspid, and the second and fourth premolars in five female beagle dogs. The treatment group （n=15 sites） received the enamel matrix derived application, whereas the control groups （n=15） did not. The dogs were sacrificed 4 months following treatment and the specimens were histologically and histometrically examined. The newly formed cementum was uneven in thickness and mineralization, overlapped the old cementum and exhibited functional orientation, cementocyte lacunae and collagen fibril bundles. Most of the histological specimens showed the presence of a gap between the newly formed cementum and the underlying dentin. Control sites did not exhibit any cementum formation. The present study concluded that newly formed cementum is of cellular type and exhibits multiple characteristics.

关键词： regeneration cementum enamel matrix protein

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