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Graphite Carbone Structure

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Crystal Structure Theory and Applications 2024年第1期12卷 1-10页

作者： Lahbib Abbas Lahcen Bih khalid yamni Abderrahim Elyahyaouy Abdelmalik El Attaoui Zahra Ramzi Materials Membranes and Nanotechnology Laboratory Faculty of Science and Technology Moulay Ismail University Errachidia Morocco Engineering Sciences and Professions Laboratory National School of Arts and Crafts Moulay Ismail University Meknes Morocco Materials Membranes and Nanotechnology Laboratory Chemistry Department Faculty of Sciences Moulay Ismail Univer-sity Meknes Morocco Physics Department Faculty of Sciences Ibn Tofail University Kenitra Morocco Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry Materials and Environment (LCM2E) Multidisciplinary Faculty of Nador Mohamed 1st University Nador Morocco Laboratory of SCiMATOP Chemistry Department Faculty of Sciences Semlalia Cadi Ayyad University Marrakech Morocco

Carbon graphite is a crystalline form of carbon consisting of layers of hexagonal carbon atoms arranged in a two-dimensional “graphene” structure. Graphene layers are stacked on top of each other, forming a three-dimensional structure with a high degree of anisotropy. The carbon atoms within each layer are linked together by strong covalent bonds, creating a strong, stable lattice structure. However, the layers themselves are held together by weak van der Waals forces, enabling them to slide easily over each other. The properties of carbon graphite are highly dependent on the orientation and alignment of the graphene layers. When the layers are aligned parallel to each other, the material exhibits high strength and stiffness along the alignment direction, but is weaker and more flexible in other directions. Carbon graphite is used in a variety of applications where high strength, rigidity and electrical conductivity are required. Some common applications include electrical contacts, electric motor brushes, and as a structural material in aerospace and defense applications. The aim of our work is to describe the structure of graphite, its physical and chemical properties and its applications.

关键词： Graphite Graphene Hexagonal Structure Hardness Rigidity Electrical Con-ductivity

Determination of Latent Heats of Vaporization and Fusion

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Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science 2024年第3期14卷 113-124页

作者： Lahbib Abbas Lahcen Bih khalid yamni Abderrahim Elyahyaouy Abdelmalik El Attaoui Zahra Ramzi Chemistry Department Faculty of Science and Technology Moulay Ismail University Meknes Er-Rachidia Morocco Engineering Sciences and Professions Laboratory National School of Arts and Crafts Moulay Ismail University Meknes Meknes Morocco Materials Membranes and Nanotechnology Chemistry Department Faculty of Sciences Moulay Ismail University Meknes Zitoune Mekns Morocco Physics Department Faculty of Sciences Ibn Tofail University Kenitra Morocco Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry Materials and Environment (LCM2E) Multidisciplinary Faculty of Nador Mohamed 1st University Oujda Nador Morocco Laboratory of SCiMATOP Chemistry Department Faculty of Sciences Semlalia Cadi Ayyad University Marrakech Morocco

Water is the most abundant liquid on the surface of the earth. It is a liquid whose properties are quite surprising, both as a pure liquid and as a solvent. Water is a very cohesive liquid: its melting and vaporization temperatures are very high for a liquid that is neither ionic nor metallic, and whose molar mass is low. Thus, water remains liquid at atmospheric pressure up to 100C while similar molecules such as H2S, H2Se, H2Te for example would give a vaporization temperature close to 80C. This cohesion is in fact ensured by hydrogen bonds between water molecules. This type of bonds between neighboring molecules, hydrogen bonds, is quite often found in chemistry [1] [2]. Any change in the state of aggregation of a substance occurs with the absorption or release of a certain amount of latent heat of transformation. Latent heat of fusion, vaporization or sublimation is the ratio of the energy supplied as heat to the mass of the substance that is melted, vaporized or sublimated. As a result of the reversibility of the processes, the fusion heat is equal to the heat released in the reverse process: crystallization and solidification heat. And likewise the heat of vaporization is equal to the heat of condensation. This equality of heat is often used to determine experimentally either of these quantities. There are two main measurement methods: 1) Direct measurement using the calorimeter, 2) Indirect measure based on the use of the VantHoff relationship. The objective of this work is to measure the latent heat of water vaporization and verify the compatibility of the experimental values with the values given by the tables using the indirect method.

关键词： Latent Heat of Vaporization Latent Heat of Fusion Calorimetry Relationship of Vant’Hoff

Graphite Carbone Structure

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Determination of Latent Heats of Vaporization and Fusion

Crystal Structure Theory and Applications（晶体结构理论与应用） 2024年第1期 1页

作者： Lahbib Abbas Lahcen Bih khalid yamni Abderrahim Elyahyaouy Abdelmalik El Attaoui Zahra Ramzi

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Photochemical reactions as synthetic tool for pharmaceutical industries

Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science（化学工程与科学期刊） 2024年第3期 113页

作者： Lahbib Abbas Lahcen Bih khalid yamni Abderrahim Elyahyaouy Abdelmalik El Attaoui Zahra Ramzi

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第9期35卷 9-31页

作者： Shehla khalid Muhammad Bilal Nasir Rasool Muhammad Imran Department of Chemistry Government College UniversityFaisalabad 38000Pakistan School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong UniversityJi’nan 250100China Department of Chemistry Faculty of ScienceKing Khalid UniversityAbha 61413Saudi Arabia

In the quest for new agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals,chemists seek access to reliable and mild synthetic techniques to allow for the systematic modification of chemical structures,exploration of unexplored chemical space,and facilitation of practical synthesis in their search for novel agrochemicals and *** this regard,photocatalytic reactions enabled the synthesis of intricate and more functionalized *** review overviews the developed synthetic methodologies and their utility in the chemical synthesis of *** review also offers in-depth insights into contemporary photoredox reactions such as allylic additions,cyclization,reductive cross-coupling,C–H activation,ring opening,oxidative cross-coupling,dehydrogenation,desulphonation,and *** provides a positive outlook for the promising future of this field.

关键词： Photocatalyst Photochemical reactions Drugs Natural products Late-stage functionalization

Caching Strategies in NDN Based Wireless Ad Hoc Network:A Survey

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第7期80卷 61-103页

作者： Ahmed khalid Rana Asif Rehman Byung-Seo Kim Department of Computer Science FAST School of ComputingNational University of Computer and Emerging SciencesLahore54000Pakistan Department of Software and Communications Engineering Hongik UniversitySejong City30016Republic of Korea

Wireless Ad Hoc Networks consist of devices that are wirelessly *** Ad Hoc Networks(MANETs),Internet of Things(IoT),and Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks(VANETs)are the main domains of wireless ad hoc *** is used in wireless ad hoc *** is based on Transmission Control Protocol(TCP)/Internet Protocol(IP)network where clients and servers interact with each other with the help of IP in a pre-defined *** fetches data from a fixed *** redundancy,mobility,and location dependency are the main issues of the IP network *** these factors result in poor performance of wireless ad hoc *** main disadvantage of IP is that,it does not provide in-network ***,there is a need to move towards a new network that overcomes these *** Data Network(NDN)is a network that overcomes these *** is a project of Information-centric Network(ICN).NDN provides in-network caching which helps in fast response to user *** NDN in wireless ad hoc network provides many benefits such as caching,mobility,scalability,security,and *** considering the certainty,in this survey paper,we present a comprehensive survey on Caching Strategies in NDN-based Wireless *** cachingmechanism-based results are also *** the last,we also shed light on the challenges and future directions of this promising field to provide a clear understanding of what caching-related problems exist in NDN-based wireless ad hoc networks.

关键词： Content centric network Internet of Things mobile ad hoc network named data network vehicular ad hoc network

Hydrometallurgy two stage process for preparation of (Nd,La,Ce)_(2)O_(3) from end-of-life NiMH batteries

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第2期42卷 415-423,I0007页

作者： Karim Tanji khalid Ouzaouit Mohamed Belghiti Isam Lamsayety Hakim Faqir Intissar Benzakour Centre de recherche REMINEX-Groupe MANAGEM MarrakechMorocco

The present work aims to investigate the recovery of light rare earth elements(LREEs) oxides from end-oflife NiMH batteries using a hydro metallurgical process followed by effective *** operational leaching parameters such as phosphoric acid concentration,temperature,and the solid-liquid ratio were first optimized by Box-Behnken *** results reveal that under optimum conditions([H_(3)PO_(4)]=2 mol/L,T=80℃,and S/L=1:10 g/mL) the leaching efficiencies of Ni,Co reach 98.1% and99.3%.While La,Ce,and Nd elements remain in the leaching residue as(La,Ce,Nd)PO_(4) with yields of 98.2%,98.6%,and 99.6% for La,Ce,and Nd,***,the(La,Ce,Nd)PO_(4) is leached with HCl acid,then the rare earth oxalate was precipitated using oxalic acid at a pH of 1.8 and then the product was calcined at 800℃ for 2 h in order to synthesize the(Nd,La,Ce)_(2)O_(3).The analysis using scanning electron microscopy(SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX) confirms the homogeneity of(Nd,La,Ce)_(2)O_(3) particles that have two morphologies,i.e.,flower and sticks with a particle size between 3and 6 μ*** unit cell parameters of(Nd,La,Ce)_(2)O_(3) were calculated after Rietveld refinement of the XRD patterns,in the space group of Fm-3m are a=b=c=0.57921 nm and the volume equal to 0.194322 nm^(3).

关键词： NiMH batteries Hydrometallurgical process Leaching Phosphoric acid Box-Behnken Light rare earth oxides

An Improved Image Steganography Security and Capacity Using Ant Colony Algorithm Optimization

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第9期80卷 4643-4662页

作者： Zinah khalid Jasim Jasim Sefer Kurnaz Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Altinbas UniversityIstanbul34000Turkey

This advanced paper presents a new approach to improving image steganography using the Ant Colony Optimization(ACO)*** steganography,a technique of embedding hidden information in digital photographs,should ideally achieve the dual purposes of maximum data hiding and maintenance of the integrity of the cover media so that it is least *** contemporary methods of steganography are at best a compromise between these *** this paper,we present our approach,entitled Ant Colony Optimization(ACO)-Least Significant Bit(LSB),which attempts to optimize the capacity in steganographic *** approach makes use of a grayscale cover image to hide the confidential data with an additional bit pair per byte,both for integrity verification and the file checksumof the secret *** approach encodes confidential information into four pairs of bits and embeds it within uncompressed grayscale *** ACO algorithm uses adaptive exploration to select some pixels,maximizing the capacity of data embedding whileminimizing the degradation of visual *** evaporation is introduced through iterations to avoid stagnation in solution *** levels of pheromone are modified to reinforce successful pixel *** results obtained through the ACO-LSB method reveal that it clearly improves image steganography capabilities by providing an increase of up to 30%in the embedding capacity compared with traditional approaches;the average Peak Signal to Noise Ratio(PSNR)is 40.5 dB with a Structural Index Similarity(SSIM)of *** approach also demonstrates very high resistance to detection,cutting down the rate by 20%.Implemented in MATLAB R2023a,the model was tested against one thousand publicly available grayscale images,thus providing robust evidence of its effectiveness.

关键词： Steganography steganalysis capacity optimization ant colony algorithm

An extensive analytical and numerical study of the generalized q-deformed Sinh-Gordon equation

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Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science 2024年第3期9卷 232-239页

作者： khalid K.Ali Abdel-Haleem Abdel-Aty Mathematics Department Faculty of ScienceAl-Azhar UniversityNasr-CityCairoEgypt Department of Physics College of SciencesUniversity of BishaPO Box 344Bisha 61922Saudi Arabia Physics Department Faculty of ScienceAl-Azhar UniversityAssiut 71524Egypt

In this paper,the q-deformed Sinh-Gordon equation is solved analytically using a new general form based on the extended tanh *** numerical solutions of the equation is obtained using a b-spline finite element ***,we present numerous figures to demonstrate the various solitons propagation *** type of equation has not been previously dealt with in such ways,whether analytical or *** study is very useful in studying several physical systems that have lost their symmetry.

关键词： q-Deformed equation Solitos solutions The extended tanh method Finite element method q-Calculus