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Transient elastography compared to liver biopsy and morphometry for predicting fibrosis in pediatric chronic liver disease: Does etiology matter?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第16期22卷 4238-4249页

作者： Behairy El-Sayed Behairy Mostafa Mohamed Sira khaled refat zalata El-Sayed Ebrahem Salama Mohamed Ahmed Abd-Allah Department of Pediatric Hepatology National Liver Institute Menofiya University Department of Pathology Faculty of Medicine Mansura University

AIM: To evaluate transient elastography (TE) as a noninvasive tool in staging liver fibrosis compared with liver biopsy and morphometry in children with different chronic liver ***: A total of 90 children [50 with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV), 20 with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and 20 with Wilson disease] were included in the study and underwent liver stiffness measurement (LSM) using TE. Liver biopsies were evaluated for fibrosis, qualitatively, by Ishak score and quantitatively by fibrosis area fraction (FAF) using digital image analysis (morphometry). LSM was correlated with fibrosis and other studied variables using spearman correlation. A stepwise multiple regression analysis was also performed to examine independent factors associated with LSM. Different cut-off values of LSM were calculated for predicting individual fibrosis stages using receiver-operating characteristic curve. Cut-off values with optimal clinical performance (optimal sensitivity and specificity simultaneously) were ***: The majority of HCV group had minimal activity (80%) and no/mild fibrosis (72%). On the other hand, the majority of AIH group had mild to moderate activity (70%) and moderate to severe fibrosis (95%) and all Wilson disease group had mild to moderate activity (100%) and moderate to severe fibrosis (100%). LSM correlated significantly with both FAF and Ishak scores and the correlation appeared better with the latter (r = 0.839 vs 0.879, P < 0.0001 for both). LSM discriminated individual stages of fibrosis with high performance. Sensitivity ranged from 81.4% to 100% and specificity ranged from 75.0% to 97.2%. When we compared LSM values for the same stage of fibrosis, they varied according to the different etiologies. Higher values were in AIH (16.15 ± 7.23 kPa) compared to Wilson disease (8.30 ± 0.84 kPa) and HCV groups (7.43 ± 1.73 kPa). Multiple regression analysis revealed that Ishak fibrosis stage was the only ind

关键词： Autoimmune hepatitis Chronic hepatitis C Liver fibrosis Liver stiffness Morphometry Pediatrics Transient elastography Wilson disease

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Quiet environment： Acoustics of vertical green wall systems of the Islamic urban form

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2013年第2期2卷 162-177页

作者： Mostafa refat Ismail Architecture Engineering Ain Shams Univeristy Cairo 11566 Egypt

The development of sustainability has made the application of green concepts to cityscapes and urban design mandatory and has popularized the installation of vegetation on external street walls. Introducing greenery on external building elements is beneficial to the environment, reducing the heat impact experienced in ＂urban heat islands＂ and enhancing an area＇s visual effect. The popularity of such green systems has necessitated the assessment of their acoustic characteristics and their impact on long-distance noise propagation. These effects become important in hot climates, where the topology of the dense urban texture gives building walls larger areas than exposed streets, thereby amplifying the effects of the former＇s acoustic characteristics on noise levels. Considering the resultant sound level at a particular location between buildings as the contribution of several remote sources, a simplified computer model based on energy exchange is developed in this study. Owing to the complexity of the urban landscape, buildings are assumed to be an array of rectangular blocks. The computer model is used to investigate the effects of the installation of street vertical ve^letation on long-distance noise propagation, as well as those of the geometric parameters of the dense Islamic urban texture on the resultant noise levels.

关键词： Acoustics Green wails Sound propagation Acoustic computersimulation

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Orientation on the Mechanistics of Electron-Transfer on Oxidation of Chondroitin-4-Sulfate as Sustainable Sulfated Polysaccharide by Permanganate Ion in Aqueous Perchlorate Solutions

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2020年第2期8卷 205-218页

作者： refat Hassan Hideo Takagi Samia Ibrahim Department of Chemistry Faculty of ScienceAssiut UniversityAssiut71516Egypt Department of Chemistry School of ScienceResearch Center of Materials ScienceNagoya464-01Japan Department of Chemistry Faculty of ScienceNew Valley UniversityEl-Kharga72511New ValleyEgypt

A spectrophotometric investigation of oxidation of chondroitin-4-sulfate(CS)as a sustainable and biodegradable sulfated macromolecule by oxyanion permanganate ion as multi-equivalent oxidant in acid perchlorate solutions at a constant ionic strength of 2.0 mol dm^(-3)has been *** experimental results on the influence of the concentration of the reactants the reaction rates revealed first-order dependence in MnO^(-)_(4),fractional second-order in[CS]and fractional first-order with respect to the hydrogen ion *** hydrogen acid concentration dependence of the rate constants indicated that the oxidation rates were increased with increasing the acid concentration which means that the oxidation reaction is of acid-catalyzed *** oxidation of all other polysaccharides by this oxidant in acidic solutions indicated that the oxidation processes were proceeding throughout two distinct *** first stage was relatively slow,followed by a more fast reaction in the second *** addition of Mn^(2+)and F^(-)ions to the reaction mixtures indicated that the Mn^(3+)and/or Mn^(4+)as the reduced forms of permanganate were the reactive species in the second fast ***,neither formation of Mn^(3+)and/or Mn^(4+)transient species nor presence of two stages in the oxidation reaction were detected in the oxidation process,and this result was found to be on contrary to that observed for oxidation of all other polysaccharides by this *** of 1:2 coordination biopolymer intermediate complexes prior to the rate-determining step was revealed,*** of the oxidation product revealed the formation of keto-acid as derivative precursor of CS *** product was identified by formation of 2,4-dinitrophenyhydrazone and dioxime as wells as by the bands at frequencies 3430(OH of COOH group);1760-1730 cm^(-1)(broad)for C=O of diketone;1639 cm^(-1)ofν_(as),OCO;1418 cm^(-1)ofν_(s)OCO and 1338 cm^(-1)of C-O-C,respectively,in the

关键词： Chondroitin-4-sulfate permanganate oxidation electron-transfer kinetics mechanisms

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A parametric investigation of the acoustical performance of contemporary mosques

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2013年第1期2卷 30-41页

作者： Mostafa refat Ismail Department of Architecture Engineering Ain Shams University 1 Elsarayat Street Abasya district Cairo Cairo 11566 Egypt

Acoustics is an important factor in mosque prayer halls that had not been given extensive concern during the architectural design stages. Eventually, the importance of speech intelligibility became more important, given the integration of other activities into the prayer halls, such as the holy Quran recitation, speeches, and lectures. Early attempts have been made to control the propagation of sound and to maintain good acoustic quality within the prayer spaces. Architects during the conceptual design stage had barely paid attention to the design issues that affect the acoustic environment inside the prayer zones, which is either due to lack of time during the project development or, in most cases, a lack of simple design guidelines to overcome any drastic acoustical defects arising from the incorrect design, shape, or material selection. The basic guidelines for designers to select the appropriate shape, geometry, size, and finishing materials are an essential design tool. This work examines the three common design topologies of mosques, which differ in size, shape, and finishing materials. In this study, a geometric and material parametric analysis was conducted based on the shape, surface area, volume, and finishing materials of each of the three designs. For the geometric acoustics, a computer model employing the ray tracing theory was employed to investigate the three configurations. Different acoustic treatments were tested relative to the geometric disposition of each design. Finally, basic recommendations and design guidelines were presented.

关键词： Acoustics Mosques Sound propagation Acoustic computersimulation

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Sound preferences of the dense urban environment： Soundscape of Cairo

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2014年第1期3卷 55-68页

作者： Mostafa refat Ismail Department of Architecture Engineering Ain Shams University Cairo 11566 Egypt

A questionnaire study was conducted to investigate the soundscape preferences of the sonic environment in Cairo. Participants, who were Cairo residents, were questioned about their appraisal of fami（iar urban soundscapes in a dose- and open-ended format questionnaire. Psycholinguistic data analysis of verbal descriptions expressed by respondents was conducted to identify the re（evance of semantic categories of environmental sounds and quantitative soundscape aspects for the urban sonic environment of Cairo. Resu（ts confirmed a direct retevance of the linguistic semantic auditory judgment and of the outputs of the quantitative dose-ended questions. Cairenes were also found to express their sonic environment （inguisti- cal（y based on physical properties rather than semantic features and values. Analyzing the relative annoyance increase （RAI） of the dose-ended part, overall positive RAI va（ues for all sound categories reveal how sensitive to noise Cairo residents are. Results further showed that at an RAI value of approximately 27%, sound category perception transforms from positive to negative.

关键词： Acoustics Soundscape Sound preference

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Acoustic of monolithic dome structures

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2018年第1期7卷 56-79页

作者： Mostafa refat Ismail Hazem Eidaly Department of Architecture Engineering Faculty of Engineering Ain Shams University Egypt

Monolithic dome structures were built in the 1970s in Europe and America. These dome structures share common benefits of being cost-efficient, earth-friendly, extremely durable, and easily maintained. Monolithic shells are easily constructed and are extremely cost- effective. Monolithic domes respond efficiently to any climate, even to extremely cold or hot temperatures. In terms of utility savings, monolithic domes can cut electricity consumption by up to one-third, thereby saving 60-70% of total enersy costs. Moreover, monolithic structures provide the hishest survivability rates from destructions. The interior of monolithic domes have perfect, concave shapes to ensure that sound travels throush the dome and perfectly collected at different vocal points. These dome structures are utilized for domestic use because the scale allows the focal points to be positioned across daily life activities, thereby affecting the sonic comfort of the internal space. This study examines the various acoustic treatments and parametric configurations of monolithic dome sizes. A geometric relationship of acoustic treatment and dome radius is established to provide architects guidelines on the correct selection of absorption needed to maintain the acoustic comfort of these special spaces.

关键词： Acoustic Eco Dome Monotithic structures Sound treatment

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Investigation of charge transfer complexes formed between 3,3′-dimethylbenzidine (o-toluidine) donor and DDQ, p-chloranil and TCNQ as π-acceptors

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2011年第19期56卷 1993-2000页

作者： refat Moamen S El-METWALLY Nashwa M Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Port Said University Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Taif University Department of Chemistry Faculty of Education King Khaled University

Charge-transfer (CT) complex of o-toluidine (o-tol) with the π-acceptor tetrachloro-p-benzoquinone (p-chloranil; CHL) has been synthesized and characterized, along with the products of the elimination reaction of o-toluidine (o-tol) with 2,3-dichloro-5,6dicyano-p-benzoquinone (DDQ) and 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ). Their properties and structures have been investigated using electronic absorption and IR spectroscopy as well as elemental analyses of the isolated compounds. The o-tol/p-CHL CT complex is shown to consist of a CHL radical anion and o-tol + radical cation. The formations of all three compounds result in the appearance of new UV-Vis spectral bands that peaked in intensity at a stoichiometric ratio of 1 : 1. 1 H-NMR and mass spectra were used to confirm the formation of the o-tol/DDQ and o-tol/TCNQ products. The new 7,8-dicyano-7′,8′-o-toluidilequinodimethane and 2,3-dichloro-5-cyano-6-o-toluidil-p-benzoquinone products resulted from the rapid reaction of o-tol with TCNQ and DDQ, respectively. Thermogravimetric studies showed that the CT-complex decomposes in three steps whereas the new compounds decompose in a single step. Thermodynamic parameters were computed from the thermal decomposition data.

关键词：电荷转移复合物四氯对苯醌 TCNQ DDQ 甲基苯胺受体二甲基电子吸收光谱

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Interactive association between processing induced molecular structure changes and nutrient delivery on a molecular basis,revealed by cutting-edge vibrational biomolecular spectroscopy

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2020年第1期11卷 211-226页

作者： Aya Ismael Victor Hugo Guevara-Oquendo Basim refat Peiqiang Yu Ministry of Agriculture Strategic Research Chair(PY)Lab Department of Animal and Poultry ScienceCollege of Agriculture and BioresourcesUniversity of Saskatchewan51 Campus DriveSaskatoonSK S7N 5A8Canada

Background:This study was conducted to determine protein molecular structure profiles and quantify the relationship between protein structural features and protein metabolism and bioavailability of blend pel eted products(BPP)based on co-products(canola or carinata)from processing with different proportions of pulse pea screenings and lignosulfonate chemical ***:The protein molecular structures were determined using the non-invasive advanced vibrational molecular spectroscopy(ATR-FT/IR)in terms of chemical structure and biofunctional groups of amides(ⅠandⅡ),α-helix andβ-***:The results showed that increasing the level of the co-products in BPP significantly increased the spectral intensity of the amide area and amide *** products exhibited similar protein secondaryα-helix toβ-sheet *** protein molecular structure profiles(amidesⅠandⅡ,α-helix toβ-sheet)were highly associated with protein degradation kinetics and intestinal *** conclusion,the non-invasive vibrational molecular spectroscopy(ATR-FT/IR)could be used to detect inherent structural make-up characteristics in ***:The molecular structural features related to protein biopolymer were highly associated with protein utilization and metabolism.

关键词： Alpha-helix and beta-sheet Amides(ⅠandⅡ) Biofunctional groups Chemical structure Protein metabolism and bioavailability Protein molecular structure

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Spectrophotometric Determination of Albendazole Drug in Tablets： Spectroscopic Characterization of the Chargetransfer Solid Complexes

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2011年第2期29卷 324-332页

作者： refat Moamen S Mohamed Gehad G. Fathi Ahmed Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Port Said University Port Said Egypt Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Taif University 888 Taif Kingdom Saudi Arabia Chemistry Department Faculty of Science Cairo University Egypt

Simple, rapid and reliable method for the determination of albendazole （ABZ） was described. This includes the utility of some π-acceptors such as 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone （DDQ） and 3,6-dichloro-2,5-dihydroxy-p-benzoquinone （p-CLA） for estimation of ABZ drug （act as donor）. The experimental conditions were optimized and the system obeys Beer＇s law for 7.50-80 and 10.00-85.00 ug·mL-1 of ABZ using DDQ and p-CLA, respectively. The molar absorptivity and Sandell sensitivity were calculated to be 1.83× 10^3 and 1.12× 10^3 L·mol ·cm -1 and 2.60 and 3.40 ng·cm -2 using DDQ and p-CLA, respectively. The limits of detection and quantification were calculated to be （7.42 and 6.73） and （9.94 and 4.13） ug·mL-1 using DDQ and p-CLA, respectively. The proposed methods were successfully applied to the determination of ABZ in commercially available dosage forms. The reliability of the assays was established by parallel determination by the official method and recovery studies. The chemical structures of the solid charge-transfer （CT） complexes formed via reaction between ABZ under study and π-acceptors, have been elucidated using elemental analyses （C, H and N）, IR, 1H NMR and mass spectra.

关键词： albendazole DDQ p-CLA spectrophotometry charge-transfer complexes

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Movement Optimization for a Cyborg Cockroach in a Bounded Space Incorporating Machine Learning

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Cyborg and Bionic Systems 2023年第1期4卷 427-440页

作者： Mochammad Ariyanto Chowdhury Mohammad Masum refat Kazuyoshi Hirao Keisuke Morishima Department of Mechanical Engineering Graduate School of EngineeringOsaka UniversitySuita 565-0871Japan Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringDiponegoro UniversitySemarang50275Indonesia

Cockroaches can traverse unknown obstacle-terrain,self-right on the ground and climb above the ***,they have limited motion,such as less activity in light/bright areas and lower ***,the movement of the cyborg cockroaches needs to be optimized for the utilization of the cockroach as a cyborg *** study aims to increase the search rate and distance traveled by cockroaches and reduce the stop time by utilizing automatic stimulation from machine *** machine learning classifiers were applied to classify the offline binary classification of the cockroach movement based on the inertial measuring unit input *** time-domain features were chosen and applied as the classifier *** highest performance of the classifiers was implemented for the online motion recognition and automatic stimulation provided to the cerci to trigger the free walking motion of the cockroach.A user interface was developed to run multiple computational processes simultaneously in real time such as computer vision,data acquisition,feature extraction,automatic stimulation,and machine learning using a multithreading *** the basis of the experiment results,we successfully demonstrated that the movement performance of cockroaches was importantly improved by applying machine learning classification and automatic *** system increased the search rate and traveled distance by 68%and 70%,respectively,while the stop time was reduced by 78%.

关键词： computer classifier obstacle

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