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Enhanced heavy and extra heavy oil recovery:Current status and new trends

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Petroleum 2024年第3期10卷 399-410页

作者： Sayed Gomaa khalaf G.Salem A.N.El-hoshoudy Mining and Petroleum Engineering Department Faculty of EngineeringAl-Azhar UniversityEgypt Department of Reservoir Engineering South Valley Egyptian Petroleum Holding Company(GANOPE)CairoEgypt PVT Lab-Production Department Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute(EPRI)Cairo 11727Egypt PVT-Service Center Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute(EPRI)Cairo 11727Egypt

Due to the increased demand for energy resources these days,especially due to the Russian-Ukrainian war,the focus of the major countries is turning strongly towards improving oil production,especially heavy and extra heavy oil,which represents 40%of the world oil ***-based and thermal(EOR)procedures are promising techniques for recovering heavy oil reservoirs,but they suffer from a sequence of problems and complications that arise after long-term *** complications comprise steam breakthrough,steam overlap,and steam/rock *** research presents the currently applied techniques to maximize the productivity of heavy oil,such as steam injection,cyclic steam stimulation,in-situ combustion,and steam-assisted gravity *** technologies face numerous obstacles,as they are energy and water-intensive processes that are not environmentally *** research also presents future trends in energy-saving and environmentally friendly techniques that enhance heavy oil recovery through vapor extraction(VAPEX)steam-solvent hybrid techniques,electromagnetic energy,sonication,and *** findings of this review reported that all the presented techniques focus on how to reduce the oil viscosity and in-situ upgrade the crude oil *** turn,these enhance both the productivity rate and oil recovery and minimize the production *** article can be considered a comprehensive review of thermal recovery methods in heavy and extra-heavy oil,in addition to screening criteria used for each method.

关键词： Enhanced oil recovery Heavy crude oil Steam flood Hybrid techniques Nanotechnology

Assessment of tear film parameters post-treatment with commercial eyelid cleaning wipes:a pilot study

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第4期17卷 659-664页

作者： Amal Aldarwesh Ali Almustanyir Raied Fagehi khalaf alr.ways Abdulaziz Bin Turki Mansour Alghamdi Muteb khalaf Alanazi Balsam Alabdulkader Wafa Alotaibi Mosaad Alhassan Department of Optometry College of Applied Medical SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 11433Saudi Arabia

AIM:To investigate the short-term effects of commercially available eyelid-cleaning wipes on film ***:This study enrolled 48 healthy participants aged 20-35y(both males and females).Clinical assessment included the Ocular Surface Disease Index(OSDI)questionnaire,non-invasive tear break-up time(NITBUT),tear meniscus height(TMH),and lipid layer pattern(LLP).Based on these initial results,participants were categorized as either non-dry eye or dry *** in each group were randomly allocated to either Blephaclean■or Systane■*** in NITBUT,TMH,and LLP levels before and after lid wipe treatment were ***:The dry eye group exhibited significantly higher OSDI scores and lower NITBUT and TMH levels than in the non-dry eye group(P0.05).Similarly,the LLP levels were significantly improved with Systane■(P<0.001)post-treatment compared to individuals in the non-dry eye ***,the dry eye subjects showed higher posttreatment LLP levels than the untreated group(P<0.02).CONCLUSION:The short-term effects of Systane®eyelid wipes on tear film parameters suggest their effectiveness in dry eye ***,further exploration of their long-term impact is essential to justify their cost effectiveness and efficacy in treating both aqueous deficiency and evaporative dryness.

关键词： dry eye lid wipes tear break-up time tear meniscus height

Information Centric Networking Based Cooperative Caching Framework for 5G Communication Systems

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第9期80卷 3945-3966页

作者： R.Mahaveerakannan Thanarajan Tamilvizhi Sonia Jenifer Rayen Osamah Ibrahim khalaf Habib Hamam Department of Computer Science and Engineering Saveetha School of EngineeringSaveetha Institute of Medical and Technical SciencesChennai602105India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Panimalar Engineering CollegeChennai600123India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sathyabama Institute of Science and TechnologyChennai600119India Department of Solar Energy Al-Nahrain Research Center for Renewable EnergyAl-Nahrain UniversityJadriyaBaghdad64074Iraq Faculty of Engineering Universitéde MonctonNew BrunswickE1A3E9Canada Hodmas University College Mogadishu521376Somalia Bridges for Academic Excellence Tunis1002Tunisia School of Electrical Engineering University of JohannesburgAuckland ParkJohannesburg2006South Africa

The demands on conventional communication networks are increasing rapidly because of the exponential expansion of connected multimedia *** light of the data-centric aspect of contemporary communication,the information-centric network(ICN)paradigm offers hope for a solution by emphasizing content retrieval by name instead of *** 5G networks are to meet the expected data demand surge from expanded connectivity and Internet of Things(IoT)devices,then effective caching solutions will be required tomaximize network throughput andminimize the use of ***,an ICN-based Cooperative Caching(ICN-CoC)technique has been used to select a cache by considering cache position,content attractiveness,and rate *** findings show that utilizing our suggested approach improves caching regarding the Cache Hit Ratio(CHR)of 84.3%,Average Hop Minimization Ratio(AHMR)of 89.5%,and Mean Access Latency(MAL)of 0.4 *** a framework,it suggests improved caching strategies to handle the difficulty of effectively controlling data consumption in 5G *** improvements aim to make the network run more smoothly by enhancing content delivery,decreasing latency,and relieving *** improving 5G communication systems’capacity tomanage the demands faced by modern data-centric applications,the research ultimately aids in advancement.

关键词： Information-centric networking caching schemes 5G communication non-negative matrix factorization(NMF) weighted clustering algorithm

Evaluation of flue gas desulfurization gypsum as a low-cost precipitant for phosphorus removal from anaerobic digestion effluent filtrate

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2024年第4期17卷 198-206页

作者： Yaping Guo Adam khalaf Wenzhuo Kong Hongzhen Ma Jiawei Liang Dongxu Zhao Zhiguo Wang Yebo Li Fuqing Xu Technology Innovation Center for Land Engineering and Human Settlements Shaanxi Land Engineering Construction Group Co.Ltd and Xi’an Jiaotong UniversitySchool of Human Settlements and Civil EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China Department of Food Agriculturaland Biological Engineeringthe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 44691USA Shaanxi Environmental Survey and Assessment Center Xi’an 710054China

Land application of anaerobic digestion(AD)effluent as a fertilizer is desirable for nutrient recycling,but often supplies excess phosphorus(P),which contributes to surface water *** the P content in AD effluent filtrate using calcium(Ca)treatment prior to land application is a potential strategy for improving effluent disposal and meeting the discharge *** study took flue gas desulphurization(FGD)gypsum,a by-product of coal-fired power plants,as a low-cost Ca source,and combined with traditional phosphorus removal agents to achieve high phosphorus removal efficiency with less chemical *** the results showed,FGD gypsum dosages of 20 mmol/L Ca(3.44 g/L)and 40 mmol/L Ca(6.89 g/L)removed up to 97.1%of soluble P(initially 102.8 mg/L)within 60-90 *** FGD gypsum treatment with traditional chemical treatments using calcium hydroxide[Ca(OH)2]or ferric chloride(FeCl3)could achieve>99%P removal with reduced chemical *** study demonstrated that FGD gypsum is an efficient calcium-based precipitant for phosphorus removal,offering a cost-effective and sustainable approach to enhance wastewater treatment practices and meet discharge standards in wastewater management.

关键词： flue gas desulfurization gypsum anaerobic digestion effluent precipitation phosphorus removal eutrophication

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Energy Management

Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 2024年第1期18卷 29-33页

作者： Khaled(Moh’d khalaf)Soleiman Alnobani Department of Chemical Engineering Jordan University of Science and TechnologyIrbid 22110Jordan

A new revised energy concept is proposed from relativistic approach using different kinds of *** is not always feasible to implement a project for saving *** is not merely heating a stream and cooling another *** study includes other considerations.A total feasibility study should be *** cost and the income should be *** this study it is shown how to perform such a feasibility study from scratch up to detailed *** is an investment *** are two energy balances:one thermal and the other *** are not separated but they complete each *** decision is upon rigorous energy *** the question where the energy will go shall be answered from 2nd law of thermodynamics.

关键词： Entropy energy feasibility study

Outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection in cirrhotic patients: First American cohort

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第5期16卷 784-790页

作者： Robert Luke Pecha Fares Ayoub Ankur Patel Abdullah Muftah Michael W Wright Mai A khalaf Mohamed O Othman Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology UC DavisSacramentoCA 95817United States Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTX 77030United States Internal Medicine Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTX 77030United States Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Texas Medical Branch at GalvestonGalvestonTX 77550United States Medical School Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTX 77030United States Department of Tropical Medicine Tanta UniversityTanta 31527Egypt

BACKGROUND Among patients with cirrhosis and pre-malignant or early malignant mucosal lesions,surgical intervention carries a much higher bleeding *** such lesions are discovered,endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)may offer curative therapy with lower risks than surgery and improved outcomes compared to traditional endoscopic *** To evaluate the outcomes of ESD in patients with *** Patients with cirrhosis undergoing ESD between July 2015 and August 2022 were retrospectively matched in 1:2 fashion to controls based on lesion location,size,and anticoagulation *** outcomes were compared between *** A total of 64 Lesions from 59 patients were included(16 cirrhosis,43 control).There were no differences in patient or lesion characteristics between *** bloc and curative resection was achieved in 84.21%,78.94%of the cirrhosis group and 88.89%,68.89%of controls,respectively,with no significant *** patients had significantly higher rates of intra-procedural coagulation grasper use for control of bleeding(47.37%vs 20%;P=0.02).There were otherwise no significant differences in adverse event *** the 29 patients with follow up,we found higher rates of recurrence in the cirrhosis group compared to controls(40%vs 5.26%;P=0.019),however this effect did not persist on multivariable analysis controlling for known *** ESD may be safe and effective in patients with *** procedure related outcomes were not significantly different between ***-procedural bleeding requiring use of the coagulation grasper use was expectedly higher in the cirrhosis group given the known effects of liver disease on hemostasis.

关键词： Endoscopic aubmucosal dissection Cirrhosis Advanced polypectomy Intraprocedural bleeding Colon cancer

Use of endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage as a rescue approach in cases of unsuccessful biliary drainage

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第1期30卷 70-78页

作者： Alessandro Fugazza Kareem khalaf Katarzyna M Pawlak Marco Spadaccini Matteo Colombo Marta Andreozzi Marco Giacchetto Silvia Carrara Chiara Ferrari Cecilia Binda Benedetto Mangiavillano Andrea Anderloni Alessandro Repici Division of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Humanitas Research Hospital-IRCCSRozzano 20089MilanoItaly Division of Gastroenterology St.Michael’s HospitalUniversity of TorontoToronto M5B 1W8ONCanada Department of Anesthesia Humanitas Research Hospital-IRCCSRozzano 20089MilanoItaly Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit Forlì-Cesena HospitalsRomagna 47121Italy Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit Humanitas Mater DominiCastellanza 21100Italy Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San MatteoPavia 27100Italy

This narrative review provides an overview of the utilization of endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage(EUS-GBD)as a salvage approach in cases of unsuccessful conventional ***-GBD is a minimally invasive and effective technique for drainage in patients with acute cholecystitis with high risk of *** procedure has demonstrated impressive technical and clinical success rates with low rates of adverse events,making it a safe and effective option for appropriate ***,EUS-GBD can also serve as a rescue option for patients who have failed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography or EUS biliary drainage for relief of jaundice in malignant biliary ***,patient selection is critical for the success of EUS-GBD,and proper patient selection and risk assessment are important to ensure the safety and efficacy of the *** the field continues to evolve and mature,ongoing research will further refine our understanding of the benefits and limitations of EUS-GBD,ultimately leading to improved outcomes for patients.

关键词： Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage Gallbladder drainage Acute cholecystitis Malignant obstruction Interventional endoscopic ultrasound Lumen-apposing metal stents

New Antenna Array Beamforming Techniques Based on Hybrid Convolution/Genetic Algorithm for 5G and Beyond Communications

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第3期138卷 2749-2767页

作者： Shimaa M.Amer Ashraf A.M.khalaf Amr H.Hussein Salman A.Alqahtani Mostafa H.Dahshan Hossam M.Kassem Electronics and Communications Engineering Department Higher Institute of Engineering and TechnologyKafr ElsheikhEgypt Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Department Faculty of EngineeringMinia UniversityMiniaEgypt Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Department Faculty of EngineeringTanta UniversityTantaEgypt Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Department Faculty of EngineeringHorus University EgyptNew DamiettaEgypt Department of Computer Engineering College of computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11543Saudi Arabia School of Computing Mathematics and EngineeringCharles Sturt UniversityBathurstNSW2795Australia

Side lobe level reduction(SLL)of antenna arrays significantly enhances the signal-to-interference ratio and improves the quality of service(QOS)in recent and future wireless communication systems starting from 5G up to ***,it improves the array gain and directivity,increasing the detection range and angular resolution of radar *** study proposes two highly efficient SLL reduction *** techniques are based on the hybridization between either the single convolution or the double convolution algorithms and the genetic algorithm(GA)to develop the Conv/GA andDConv/GA,*** convolution process determines the element’s excitations while the GA optimizes the element *** M elements linear antenna array(LAA),the convolution of the excitation coefficients vector by itself provides a new vector of excitations of length N=(2M−1).This new vector is divided into three different sets of excitations including the odd excitations,even excitations,and middle excitations of lengths M,M−1,andM,*** the same element spacing as the original LAA is used,it is noticed that the odd and even excitations provide a much lower SLL than that of the LAA but with amuch wider half-power beamwidth(HPBW).While the middle excitations give the same HPBWas the original LAA with a relatively higher *** the increased HPBWof the odd and even excitations,the element spacing is optimized using the ***,the synthesized arrays have the same HPBW as the original LAA with a two-fold reduction in the ***,for extreme SLL reduction,the DConv/GA is *** this technique,the same procedure of the aforementioned Conv/GA technique is performed on the resultant even and odd excitation *** provides a relatively wider HPBWthan the original LAA with about quad-fold reduction in the SLL.

关键词： Array synthesis convolution process genetic algorithm(GA) half power beamwidth(HPBW) linear antenna array(LAA) side lobe level(SLL) quality of service(QOS)

Optimization of Cooperative RelayingMolecular Communications for Nanomedical Applications

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第2期138卷 1259-1275页

作者： Eman S.Attia Ashraf A.M.khalaf Fathi E.Abd El-Samie Saied M.Abd El-atty Konstantinos A.Lizos Osama Alfarraj Heba M.El-Hoseny Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringMinia UniversityMinia61111Egypt Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Faculty of Electronic EngineeringMenoufia UniversityMenouf32952Egypt Department of Informatics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural SciencesUniversity of Oslo(UiO)OsloNorway Computer Science Department Community CollegeKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11437Saudi Arabia Department of Computer science The Higher Future Institute for Specialized Technological StudiesEl ShoroukEgypt

Recently,nano-systems based on molecular communications via diffusion(MCvD)have been implemented in a variety of nanomedical applications,most notably in targeted drug delivery system(TDDS)***,because the MCvD is unreliable and there exists molecular noise and inter symbol interference(ISI),cooperative nano-relays can acquire the reliability for drug delivery to targeted diseased cells,especially if the separation distance between the nano transmitter and nano receiver is *** this work,we propose an approach for optimizing the performance of the nano system using cooperative molecular communications with a nano relay scheme,while accounting for blood flow effects in terms of drift *** fractions of the molecular drug that should be allocated to the nano transmitter and nano relay positioning are computed using a collaborative optimization problem solved by theModified Central Force Optimization(MCFO)*** the previous work,the probability of bit error is expressed in a closed-form *** is used as an objective function to determine the optimal velocity of the drug molecules and the detection threshold at the nano *** simulation results show that the probability of bit error can be dramatically reduced by optimizing the drift velocity,detection threshold,location of the nano-relay in the proposed nano system,and molecular drug budget.

关键词： Nanomedical system molecular communication cooperative relay optimization