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Controls on reservoir quality in the paleogene Kalatar Formation of the southwestern region of the Tarim Basin,china

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Petroleum Science 2011年第3期8卷 302-315页

作者： Yang Haijun Shen Jian-Wei Wang Xu Zhang Lijuan Li Meng key laboratory of marginal sea geology of CAS South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301 China Exploration and Development Research institute Tarim Oilfield Company Petroleum Company Limited Korla 841000 China Graduate School of the chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China

The Paleogene Kalatar Formation is a main target for petroleum ex125 ploration in the southwestern region of the Tarim Basin （SWRTB） and a systematical summary of controls on reservoirs of high quality has important implications for this area. According to outcrop analysis, as well as core, and laboratory experiments based on theories of sedimentology, it can be inferred that the main pore types in the Kalatar Formation are moldic, vuggy, intercrystalline and interparticle pores, fractures, and mudstone microporosity, respectively. The foreshore in the shore-shelf depositional model is the most favorable target, wherein grainstone and dolomitized grainstone are characterized by high quality in a middle ramp subfacies of the carbonate ramp model. Diagenetic factors, such as micritization, cementation, compaction, neomorphism, silicification, and pyritization, are detrimental for reservoirs. At the same time, leaching and dolomitization can improve the quality of reservoirs. Permeability of reservoirs can be greatly improved by fractures, through which quality of reservoirs can be effectively enhanced. Concentration of CO2, temperature, and humidity are affected by changes in climate, which can have an influence on depositional setting, composition and diagenesis of sediments, and eventually the properties of reservoirs. The hot and arid climate of the Paleogene was harmful to development of reservoirs, which is demonstrated in the contemporaneous diagenetic and epigenetic stages. Shallow and deep-burial diagenesis are closely related to the formation and the connate water, however these are rarely affected by paleo-climatic variation. There is possible erosion that mainly resulted from organic acid in relative well intervals according to indications of hydrocarbons in the early diagenetic stage. Fracture systems can be established when acidic fluids are ernplaced during periods of uplift, by which pores can be effectively enlarged during the late diagenetic stages.

关键词： Kalatar Formation sedimentary facies diagenesis dolomitization fractures climaticconditions Tarirn Basin

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Layer-block tectonics of Cenozoic basements and formation of intra-plate basins in Nansha micro-plate, southern south china sea

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2009年第3期28卷 26-39页

作者： LIU Hailing XIE Guofa LIN Qiujin ZHENG Hongbo LIU Yingchun key laboratory of marginal sea geology South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301 China Brigade 261 Bureau of Nuclear Geology Jiangxi Province Yingtan 335001 China

Layer-block tectonics （LBT） concept, with the core of pluralistic geodynamic outlook and multilayer-sliding tectonic outlook, is one of new keys to study 3-dimensional solid and its 4-dimensional evolution history of global tectonic system controlled by global geodynamics system. The LBT concept is applied to study the lithospheric tectonics of the southern south china sea （SCS）. Based on the analysis of about 30 000 km of geophysical and geological data, some layer-blocks in the Nansha micro-plate can be divided as Nansha ultra-crustal layer-block, Zengmu crustal layer-block, Nanwei （Rifleman bank）-Andu （Ardasier bank） and Liyue （Reed bank） North Palawan crustal layer-blocks, Andu-Bisheng and Liyue-Banyue basemental layer-blocks. The basic characteristics of the basemental layer-blocks have been dicussed, and three intra-plate basin groups are identified. The intra-plate basins within Nansha micro-plate can be divided into three basin groups of Nanwei- Andu, Feixin-Nanhua, and Liyue-North Palawan based on the different geodynamics. In the light of pluralistic geodynamic concept, the upheaving force induced by the mid-crust plastic layer is proposed as the main dynamical force which causes the formation of the intra-plate basins within the Nansha micro-plate. Finally, models of a face-to-face dip-slip detachment of basemental layerblock and a unilateral dip-slip-detachment of basemental layer-block are put forward for the forming mechanisms of the Nanwei Andu and Liyue-North Palawan intra-plate basin groups, respectively.

关键词： layer-block tectonics forming mechanism of intra-plate basin Nansha micro-plate south china sea oil and gas gas hydrate

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Studies on the Gorgonians of china——Ⅰ. Isis with one new species

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 1991年第4期10卷 593-602页

作者： Zou Renlin, Huang Baochao Wang Xiangzhen south china sea institute of oceanology, Academia Sinica, guangzhou 510301, china

Biostatistics (F analysis and Duncan's new multiple range test) combining with numerical and traditional taxonomy is used to report one new species, ( Isis minorbrachyblasta(I. m) ) as well as I. hippuris (I. h) and I. reticulata(I. r) from the china seas. The morphological characters of the spicules and other skeletal structures of each species are illustrated in de-tials with Scanning Electron Micrographs and compared with each other.

关键词： length Isis with one new species Studies on the Gorgonians of china

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Heterotrophic bacteria of the Dapeng Bay in the south china sea: community structure,abundance,and the relationships of culturablity with environmental factors

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2010年第4期29卷 88-97页

作者： JIANG Fajun HU Zhangli HU Chaoqun south china sea institute of oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301 China Guangxi academy of sciences Nanning 530007 China College of Life sciences Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China

The community composition,abundance and culturablity of heterotrophic bacterioplankton in the Dapeng Bay of the south china sea were investigated by morphological method,bacterial cultivation and biochemical methods over an annual *** and Pseudomonas were the predominant genera among the Gram-negative *** bacterioplankton abundance fluctuated from 2.07×10 8 to 2.44×10 9 cells/dm 3 ,and culturable bacteria abundance ranged between 0.1×10 6 and 16.07×10 6 CFU/dm 3 .The Culturablity of heterotrophic bacteria ranged between 0.01% and 1.31%.The relationship between bacterial culturablity and the environmental factors was also studied in different sites of the Dapeng *** the bay,a significantly positive relationship was evidenced between bacterial culturability and temperature,meanswhile bacterial culturability was significantly inversely related with *** positive relationship was shown at the central bay while a negative relationship was observed at the bay mouth and there was no significant correlation at top bay between bacterial culturablity and chlorophyll a of sea water.A positive relationship was found between culturability and DIN all the bay,but DIP showed a significantly negative relationship with bacterial culturability only at the mouth of the bay.

关键词： heterotrophic bacteria culturable bacteria culturablity environmental factors

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Different roles of Ekman pumping in the west and east segments of the south china sea Warm Current

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2011年第3期30卷 1-13页

作者： WANG Qiang WANG Yinxia BO Hong ZHOU Weidong WANG Dongxiao key laboratory of Tropical Marine Environmental Dynamics South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301 China Graduate School of the chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China south china sea Marine Engineering and Environment institute of State Oceanic Administration Guangzhou 510300 China Virginia institute of Marine Science College of William and Mary VA 23062 USA

A three-dimensional model is used to investigate the mechanism of the south china sea （SCS） winter counter-current （also known as the SCS Warm Current, or the SCSWC）, which flows against the wind. The model can reproduce the structure of the band-like currents over the northern shelf of the SCS, including the westward coastal current and slop current, and the SCSWC sandwiched in between. Sensitivity experiments are designed to understand the different roles of Ekman pumping of the SCSWC at different longitude. The results show that the Ekman pumping drives the SCSWC in the west segment. In the east, it is not the Ekman pumping but the intrusion of the Kuroshio that drives the SCSWC.

关键词： SCSWC Ekman pumping northern south china sea numerical model

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Fronts and surface zonal geostrophic current along 115°E in the southern Indian Ocean

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2010年第5期29卷 1-9页

作者： HE Zhigang DONG Zhaoqian south china sea institute of oceanology Guangzhou 510301 Polar Research institute of china Shanghai 200136

Altimeter and in situ data are used to estimate the mean surface zonal geostrophic current in the section along 115°E in the southern Indian Ocean,and the variation of strong currents in relation to the major fronts is *** results show that,in average,the flow in the core of Antarctic Circumpolar Current（ACC） along the section is composed of two parts,one corresponds to the jet of Subantarctic Front（SAF） and the other is the flow in the Polar Front Zone（PFZ）,with a westward flow between *** mean surface zonal geostrophic current corresponding to the SAF is up to 49 cm · s^-1 at 46°S,which is the maximal velocity in the *** eastward flow in the PFZ has a width of about 4.3 degrees in *** mean surface zonal geostrophic current corresponding to the southern Antarctic Circumpolar Current Front（SACCF） is located at 59.7 °S with velocity less than 20 cm · s^-*** location of zonal geostrophic jet corresponding to the SAF is quite stable during the study *** contrast,the eastward jets in the PFZ exhibit various patterns,i.e.,the primary Polar Front（PF1） shows its strong meridional shift and the secondary Polar Front（PF2） does not always coincide with *** surface zonal geostrophic current corresponding to SAF has the significant periods of annual,semi-annual and *** geostrophic current of the PFZ also shows significant periods of semi-annual and four-month,but is out of phase with the periods of the SAF,which results in no notable semi-annual and fourmonth periods in the surface zonal geostrophic current in the core of the *** terms of annual cycle,the mean surface zonal geostrophic current in the core of the ACC shows its maximal velocity in June.

关键词： southern Indian Ocean Antarctic Circumpolar Current zonal geostrophic current front

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Microbial carbonates in Holocene beachrocks,Shuiweiling,Luhuitou Peninsula,Hainan Island

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Science china Earth sciences 2008年第1期51卷 30-40页

作者： TENG JianBin1,2 & SHEN JianWei1 1 Department of Marine geology, south china sea institute of oceanology CAS key laboratory of marginal sea geology, south china sea institute of oceanology, chinese academy of sciences, guangzhou 510301, china 2 Graduate University of the chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100049, china Department of Marine geology South China Sea Institute of Oceanology CAS key laboratory of marginal sea geology South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510301 China Graduate University of the chinese academy of Sci Department of Marine geology South China Sea Institute of Oceanology CAS key laboratory of marginal sea geology South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510301 China

Two research methods, geomicrobiology and carbonate sedimentology, were adopted to study the microbial carbonates in the beachrocks, Shuiweiling, Luhuitou, Sanya City, Hainan Island. The results indicate that microbial carbonates occur in Shuiweiling beachrocks and cements related to microbial activitives are common. Microbial carbonates were mainly developed on the surfaces of coral skeletons and within the coral (fragments and shivers) skeletal cavities,and rarely grew in interspaces formed by coral and other biological detritus. The growth morphologies of microbial carbonates are various, including stromatolitic lamination, thin crusts, dome-like, and microbialites. Microbial carbonates commonly trap fine-sized bioclasts, contain tubular filaments, and show laminated growth striation. Microbial carbonates within the coral skeletal cavities are generally stromatolitic cone-shaped, with a random growth direction along the bearing of trend of cavities, showing distinct growth laminae and recognizable growth phases. It is a special growth pattern of crypt microbial carbonates. Microbial cements occur mainly in shape of needle cement, calcified filaments, microborings, and calcified framboidal spheres. The needle cement is the most common type. These microbial cements indicate that microbial activities and microbial carbonates played an important role in beachrock formation in which carbonates were dominant components and the climate of tropical ocean monsoon was influential. Such microbial carbonates and microbial cementation have not been reported here from beachrocks along the northern shorelines of the south china sea. The results support a clear microbial origin for certain carbonate cements in beachrocks, confirm that microbial carbonates are a significant contributor to carbonate sedimentation, and widen the knowledge of beachrocks from a new field.

关键词： microbial carbonates microbial cements beachrock Holocene Hainan Island

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A study on chemical forms of heavy metals in the sediments of Zhujiang River and its estuary

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 1989年第2期8卷 223-235页

作者： Zheng Jianlu, Lin Zhiqing Chen Yang south china sea institute of oceanology, Academia Sinica, guangzhou, china Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, china south china sea Inst. of oceanology Academia Sinica Guangzhou China

The five chemical bound forms of Fe, Al and Mn in sediments in the main channel of the Zhujiang *** its estuary, namely, exchangeable, carbonic, oxidative, organic and residual (in crystal) forms, were determined. The method of sequential extraction was used for separating the five bound *** main chemical form of the three elements in the sediments of the Zhujiang River and its estuarine zone is the residual one. The exchangeable form exists only in a small *** between the concentration of a certain form of heavy metals and Eh. pH and salinity were discussed. The principles of geochemistry are used to explain the mechanism of heavy metal transport in the *** was also found that the distribution rule of the chemical forms of Fe, Al and Mn in sediments in the lower reaches of the Zhujiang River was similar to the one in the lower reaches of the Yamaska River.

关键词： A study on chemical forms of heavy metals in the sediments of Zhujiang River and its estuary

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Preliminary research on dissolved oxygen maximum of seawater in low latitude of china

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 1989年第4期8卷 549-558页

作者： Lin Hongying and Han Wuying south china sea institute of oceanology. Academia Sinica, guangzhou, china

-During the multi-disciplinary investigations on the waters of Nansa Islands for three cruises respectively in 1985. 1986. 1987. it is found that the dissolved oxygen maximum (DOmax) in its vertical distribution usually exists between 20m and 75m deep. The deep position of O2 maximum is near the thermocline below and above the deep chlorophyll maximum, as well as above the light-beam attenuation coefficient maximum. In the parts of O2 maximum occurring, the minimum of CO2 partial pressure and the maximum of pH value are also found at the same depth. It is still difficult to explain the features exactly by using the published research results about the oxygen maximum in its vertical distribution on the waters of middle and high *** the present paper, the dissolved oxygen maximum in its vertical distribution on the waters of low latitude is described. It is made by an internal wave which holds eddy mixture. The feature appears to arise from the biological photosynthesis with stratification, from the action of the thermocline preventing oxygen from escaping to the atmosphere, when the environment is suitable for organisms to grow.

关键词： Preliminary research on dissolved oxygen maximum of seawater in low latitude of china

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Total alkyl dibenzothiophenes content tracing the filling pathway of condensate reservoir in the Fushan Depression,south china sea

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Science china Earth sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 138-145页

作者： LI MeiJun1,WANG TieGuan1,LIU Ju2,ZHANG MeiZhu2,LU Hong3,MA QinLin2 & GAO LiHui2 1 State key laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting,Earth sciences and Geoinformatics School,china University of Petroleum,Beijing 102249,china 2 southern Oil Exploration and Development Company,Petrochina,guangzhou 510640,china 3 guangzhou institute of geochemistry,chinese academy of sciences,guangzhou 510240,china State key laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting Earth Sciences and Geoinformatics School China University of Petroleum Beijing China southern Oil Exploration and Development Company PetroChina Guangzhou China guangzhou institute of geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China

The condensates are generally characterized by high maturity,low concentration of steranes and ter-panes biomarkers and low content of non-hydrocarbon fraction. In this case commonly used steranes,terpanes and carbazoles parameters cannot be effectively applied in the reservoir-filling tracing. The hydrogen bond formed by sulfur atom in the dibenzothiophenes (DBTs) results in molecule adsorption and fractionation during oil migration in reservoir. Like carbazoles,total DBTs content decreases with the increasing of oil migration distance. Therefore,a new parameter——total DBTs content is proposed to be used to trace the oil migration orientation and filling pathway. In present study,total DBTs con-tents of condensates and light oils are obtained by adding internal standard——eight deuterium atoms substituted DBT during Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis of aromatic fraction. Except for a few samples with much lower content of non-hydrocarbon fraction,the total DBTs content shows a fine positive correlation with that of carbazoles. Large errors can be caused in the process of pyrrolic nitrogen compounds separation. The application of this new parameter in the Fushan Depression of Beibu Gulf Basin,south china sea indicates that this parameter is a reliable one to trace filling pathway in condensate reservoirs. Combined with other DBTs-related parameters,such as 4-/1-methydibenzo-thiophene and 2,4-/1,4-dimethyldibenzothiophene,oil migration orientation and filling pathway of the Fushan Depression was determined. The accumulations of Huachang oil field in the Fushan Depres-sion are mainly migrated and charged from northeast to southeast along the Huachang uplift. It can be predicated that the light oil and condensates in the Huachang oil field should be sourced from the source kitchen at the Bailian Sag. It shows that total DBTs content is an effective parameter to tracing oil migration orientation and filling pathway.

关键词： dibenzothiophene alkyl dibenzothiophene condensate reservoir filling pathway molecular markers the Fushan Depression

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