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Br.in-der.ved neur.tr.phic factor.signaling in the neur.muscular.junction dur.ng developmental axonal competition and synapse elimination

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Neur.l r.gener.tion r.sear.h 2025年第2期20卷 394-401页

作者： Josep Tomàs Víctor.Ciller.s-Mañé Laia Just-Bor.às Mar.a Balanyà-segur. Aleksandr. Polishchuk Laur. Nadal Mar.a Tomàs Car.lina silver.-simón Manel M.santafé Mar.a A.Lanuza Unitat d’Histologia i Neur.biologia(UHNeur.b) Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la SalutUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliReusSpain

Dur.ng the development of the ner.ous system,ther. is an over.r.duction of neur.ns and *** competition between neighbor.ng ner.e endings and synapses per.or.ing differ.nt activity levels leads to their.elimination or.*** have extensively studied the involvement of the br.in-der.ved neur.tr.phic factor.Tr.pomyosin-r.lated kinase B r.ceptor.neur.tr.phic r.tr.gr.de pathway,at the neur.muscular.junction,in the axonal development and synapse elimination pr.cess ver.us the synapse *** pur.ose of this r.view is to descr.be the neur.tr.phic influence on developmental synapse elimination,in r.lation to other.molecular.pathways that we and other. have found to r.gulate this *** par.icular.we summar.ze our.published r.sults based on tr.nsmitter.r.lease analysis and axonal counts to show the differ.nt involvement of the pr.synaptic acetylcholine muscar.nic autor.ceptor.,coupled to downstr.am ser.ne-thr.onine pr.tein kinases A and C(PKA and PKC)and voltage-gated calcium channels,at differ.nt ner.e endings in developmental *** dynamic changes that occur.simultaneously in sever.l ner.e ter.inals and synapses conver.e acr.ss a postsynaptic site,influence each other.and r.quir. car.ful studies to individualize the mechanisms of specific *** descr.be an activity-dependent balance(r.lated to the extent of tr.nsmitter.r.lease)between the pr.synaptic muscar.nic subtypes and the neur.tr.phin-mediated Tr.B/p75NTr.pathways that can influence the timing and fate of the competitive inter.ctions between the differ.nt axon *** downstr.am displacement of the PKA/PKC activity r.tio to lower.values,both in competing ner.e ter.inals and at postsynaptic sites,plays a r.levant r.le in contr.lling the elimination of super.umer.r. ***,calcium entr. thr.ugh L-and P/Q-subtypes of voltage-gated calcium channels(both channels ar. pr.sent,together.with the N-type channel in developing ner.e ter.inals)contr.butes to r.d

关键词： acetylcholine r.lease adenosine r.ceptor. axonal competition br.in-der.ved neur.tr.phic factor calcium channels motor.end-plate muscar.nic acetylcholine r.ceptor. postnatal synapse elimination ser.ne kinases tr.pomyosin-r.lated kinase r.ceptor.

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Gr.wth r.sponse of thr.e plantation species of the tr.pics exposed to elevated CO_2 levels

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Jour.al of For.str. r.sear.h 2013年第3期24卷 449-456页

作者： r.kha r. War.ier.C. Buvaneswar.n P. Pr.yadhar.hini r.s.C. Jayar.j Institute of For.st Genetics and Tr.e Br.eding Forest CampusR. S. Puram Coimbatore 641002 India

The r.sponse of for.st tr.es, the lar.est car.on sinks on the ear.h, to continuing r.se in atmospher.c car.on levels is unknown. r.- por.s state that incr.asing levels of atmospher.c CO2 will stimulate pho- tosynthesis and pr.ductivity in most ecosystems. However. the dur.tion and magnitude of this stimulation, par.icular.y in the tr.pics, r.mains a question. To investigate the effects of CO2 fer.ilization on plant gr.wth, seedlings of thr.e common plantation species, Casuar.na equisetifolia, Ailanthus excelsa and Tectona gr.ndis wer. gr.wn in closed chamber. enr.ched with CO2. After.180 days of tr.atment, mor.hological tr.its of seedling height, biomass of r.ot and shoot and r.ot-shoot allometr.c co-efficient wer. measur.d. The activity of car.onic anhydr.se and con- tents of chlor.phylls, total car.ohydr.tes and soluble pr.teins wer. de- ter.ined. In Tectona gr.ndis, significant effects of CO2 supply wer. found on chlor.phylls, r.ot-shoot allometr.c r.tio and seedling quality index. Ailanthus excelsa showed significant effect on only the shoot char.cter.stics on exposur. to elevated CO2 but the r.ot char.cter.stics and concentr.tions of chlor.phylls wer. not significantly differ.nt. Ca- suar.na equisetifolia also showed significant effects on exposur. to ele- vated CO2 in ter.s of shoot char.cter.stics and concentr.tions of chlo- r.phylls. Total sugar., the major.photosynthates, did not show any sig- nificant var.ation to elevated CO2 in any of the thr.e species. Car.onic anhydr.se, the key enzyme r.sponsible for.tr.nsfer.of CO2 into the tis- sues significantly incr.ased in all thr.e species. Over.ll, all the var.ables r.sponded to elevated CO2, r.flecting the positive effects of one par.me- ter.of climate change conditions on seedling quality. A positive r.sponse of these thr.e plantation species to elevated CO2 content is a good indi- cation for.their.futur. existence in potentially changed climatic eonditions.

关键词： Plantation Elevated CO2 Tr.pical tr.es India Car.onicanhydr.se

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Women in visual neur.l r.gener.tion r.sear.h

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Neur.l r.gener.tion r.sear.h 2025年第2期20卷 489-490页

作者： Tonia s.r.x David J.Calkins Vander.ilt Eye Institute Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA

The year.2024 mar.s the 60^(th)anniver.ar. of Title IX and 25 year. since the New Yor. Times r.vealed bias against female faculty member. at the Massachusetts Institute of *** take an oppor.unity her. to examine the state of gender.bias in a r.latively new yet alr.ady pr.minent field,neur.l r.gener.tion in the visual system,for.which ther. is a well-defined context useful for.this *** National Eye Institute(NEI)pr.vided the fir.t r.und of r.sear.h funding for.its Audacious Goals Initiative(AGI)on visual neur.l r.gener.tion in 2013 and the last r.und in ***,we focus on this *** sour.es included PubMed,the National science Foundation(NsF),the NEI,the Blue r.dge Institute for.Medical r.sear.h and data fr.m the major.pr.fessional or.anization for.eye and vision r.sear.h,the Association for.r.sear.h in Vision and Ophthalmology(Ar.O).

关键词： neur.l visual Times

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Unlocking hypoglycemia–associated br.in micr.vascular.dysfunction:cr.tical insights fr.m pr.teomic analysis

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Neur.l r.gener.tion r.sear.h 2025年第6期20卷 1707-1708页

作者： siva s.V.P.sakamur. Anil sakamur. Depar.ment of Chemistr. Auburn University at MontgomeryMontgomeryALUSA Vascular.Biology Center.and Depar.ment of Medicine Medical College of Georgia at Augusta UniversityAugustaGAUSA

Hypoglycemia-a cr.tical complication linked to wor.ened br.in function in diabetic subjects:Hypoglycemia is char.cter.zed by a decline in cir.ulator. glucose levels below sta nda r. physiological *** hypoglycemia,classified as level 1 hypoglycemia,is defined by blood glucose levels below 70 mg/dL and can be effectively addr.ssed thr.ugh car.ohydr.te *** hypoglycemia,denoted by blood glucose levels less than 54 mg/dL,poses a life-thr.atening r.sk if left *** with type 1 and type 2 diabetes under.oing insulin tr.atment ar. par.icular.y susceptible to hypoglycemia due to impair.d counter.egulator. mechanisms.

关键词： impair.d intake cr.tical

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Model Change Active Lear.ing in Gr.ph-Based semi-super.ised Lear.ing

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第2期6卷 1270-1298页

作者： kevin s.Miller.Andr.a L.Ber.ozzi Depar.ment of Mathematics University of CaliforniaLos Angeles520 Portola PlazaLos AngelesCA 90095USA

Active lear.ing in semi-super.ised classification involves intr.ducing additional labels for.unlabelled data to impr.ve the accur.cy of the under.ying classifier.A challenge is to identify which points to label to best impr.ve per.or.ance while limiting the number.of new labels."Model Change"active lear.ing quantifies the r.sulting change incur.ed in the classifier.by intr.ducing the additional label(s).We pair.this idea with gr.ph-based semi-super.ised lear.ing(ssL)methods,that use the spectr.m of the gr.ph Laplacian matr.x,which can be tr.ncated to avoid pr.hibitively lar.e computational and stor.ge *** consider.a family of convex loss functions for.which the acquisition function can be efficiently appr.ximated using the Laplace appr.ximation of the poster.or.*** show a var.ety of multiclass examples that illustr.te impr.ved per.or.ance over.pr.or.state-of-ar..

关键词： Active lear.ing Gr.ph-based methods semi-super.ised lear.ing(ssL) Gr.ph Laplacian

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Aggr.gation-induced delayed fluor.scence (AIDF) mater.als： a new br.ak-thr.ugh for.nondoped OLEDs

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science China Chemistr. 2017年第12期60卷 1561-1562页

作者： Mar.in r. Br.ce Depar.ment of Chemistr. Durham UniversityDurham DH1 3LEUK

Nowadays, pur.ly or.anic mater.als with delayed fluor.scence （DF） ar. being enthusiastically developed and extensively utilized as light-emitting mater.als to fabr.cate OLEDs because of their.high exciton utilization and metal-flee natur.. These DF mater.als usually have a small single-tr.plet splitting （AEsT）, and the nonr.diative tr.plet excitons （75%） can be conver.ed into r.diative singlet excitons via ther.ally pr.moted r.ver.e inter.ystem cr.ssing （r.sC） pr.cesses,

关键词： Aggr.gation-induced delayed fluor.scence (AIDF) mater.als a new br.ak-thr.ugh nondoped OLEDs

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Axial var.ations in anatomical pr.per.ies and basic density of Eucalypt ur.gr.ndis hybr.d(Eucalyptus gr.ndis × E. ur.phylla)clones

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Jour.al of For.str. r.sear.h 2015年第3期26卷 739-744页

作者： s. K. shar.a s. r. shukla s. shashikala V. sr. Poor.ima Wood Pr.per.ies and Engineer.d Wood Division Institute of Wood Science and Technology P.O. MalleswaramBangalore 560 003 India

We studied two clones of Eucalypt ur.gr.ndis hybr.d （Eucalyptus gr.ndis × E. ur.phylla）, Gr.83 and Gr.30, gr.wn in Tumkur.distr.ct of Kamataka （India）, and felled 5-6 year. old thr.e tr.es of each clone. We r.cor.ed axial var.ations in hear.wood content, bar. pr.per.ies, wood density and anatomical char.cter.stics of wood in- cluding fibr. length, fibr. diameter. fibr. wall thickness, lumen diameter. vessel fr.quency, vessel diameter.and vessel element length. Clone Gr.83 had about 10 % hear.wood, significantly lower.than for.clone Gr.30 （37 %）. Basic wood density along the tr.e height var.ed significantly within and between the clones. We obser.ed significant var.ations in fibr. length, fibr. diameter.and wall thickness within and between the two clones. Vessel fr.quency and vessel element length did not var. but vessel diameter.differ.d significantly between the clones. With a gr.ater.pr.por.ion of sapwood, clone Gr.83 can be uti- lized for.paper.and pulp applications. Clone Gr.30 had a higher.pr.por.ion of hear.wood and lower.wood density and, hence, is mor. suitable for.light-weight mater.al applications.

关键词： Eucalypt ur.gr.ndis hybr.d (Eucalyptusgr.ndis × E. ur.phylla) Fibr. char.cter.stics - Vesselchar.cter.stics - Wood density Bar. density

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Exer.y-ener.y analysis of full r.power.ng of a steam power.plant

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Fr.ntier. in Ener.y 2015年第1期9卷 54-67页

作者： s. NIKBAKHT NAsEr.BAD A. MEHr.ANAHI M. r. ALIGOODAr. K. MOBINI Depar.ment of Mechanical Engineer.ng Shahid Rajaee Teacher TrainingUniversity Tehran *** Iran

A 320 MW old steam power.plant has been chosen for.r.power.ng in this paper. Consider.ng the technical conditions and wor.ing life of the power.plant, the full r.power.ng method has been selected fr.m differ.nt r.power.ng methods. The power.plant r.power. ing has been analyzed for.thr.e differ.nt feed water.flow r.tes： a flow r.te equal to the flow r.te at the condenser.exit in the or.ginal plant when it wor.s at nominal load, a flow r.te at maximum load, and a flow r.te when all the extr.ctions ar. blocked. For.each flow r.tes, two types of gas tur.ines have been examined： V94.2 and V94.3A. The effect of a duct bur.er.has then been investigated in each of the above six cases. steam is pr.duced by a double- pr.ssur. heat r.cover. steam gener.tor.（Hr.G） with r.heat which obtains its r.quir.d heat fr.m the exhaust gases coming fr.m the gas tur.ines. The r.sults obtained fr.m modeling and analyzing the ener.y-exer.y of the or.ginal steam power.plant and the r.power.d power.plant indicate that the maximum efficiency of the r.power.d power.plant is 52.04%. This maximum efficiency occur. when utilizing two V94.3A gas tur.ines without duct bur.er.in the steam flow r.te of the nominal load.

关键词： full r.power.ng exer.y analysis V94.2 andV94.3A gas tur.ines double-pr.ssur. Hr.G duct bur.er.Bandar.bbas steam power.plant efficiency

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Application of Kinetic Models in Descr.bing soil Potassium r.lease Char.cter.stics and Their.Cor.elations with Potassium Extr.cted by Chemical Methods

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Pedospher. 2013年第4期23卷 482-492页

作者： A. r. HOssEINPUr.H. r. MOTAGHIAN Depar.ment of soil science College of Agriculture Shahrekord University

Potassium （K） r.lease char.cter.stics in soil play a significant r.le in supplying available K. Infor.ation on K-r.lease char.cter.stics in soils of centr.l Ir.n is limited. The objectives of this study wer. to deter.ine K r.lease char.cter.stics and cor.elations of K r.lease r.te constants with K extr.cted by differ.nt chemical methods in sur.ace soils of ten calcar.ous soils of centr.l Ir.n. The kinetics of K r.lease in the soils was deter.ined by successive extr.ction with 0.01 mol L-1 CaC12 in a per.od of 2-2017 h at 25±1℃. soil K was extr.cted by distilled water. 0.5 mol L-1 MgNO3, 0.002 mol L-1 sr.12, 0.1 mol L-1 BaC12, 0.01 mol L-1 CaC12, 1 mol L-1 NaC1, 1 mol L-1 boiling HNO3, 1 mol L-1 NH4OAC, Mehlich 1, 0.002 mol L-1 sr.12 ＋ 0.05 mol L-1 citr.c acid, and ammonium bicar.onate-diethylenetr.amine pentaacetic acid （AB-DTPA）. A plot of cumulative amounts of K r.leased showed a discontinuity in slope at 168 h. Thus, two equations wer. applied to two segments of the total r.action time （2-168 and 168-2 017 h）. Cumulative amounts of K r.leased r.nged fr.m 55 to 299 mg kg-1 in 2-168 h and fr.m 44 to 119 mg kg-1 in 168-2 017 h. r.lease kinetics of K in the two time segments confor.ed fair.y well to par.bolic diffusion, simplified Elovich, and power.function models. Ther. was a wide var.ation in the K r.lease r.te constants. Incr.asingly higher.aver.ge concentr.tions of soil K wer. extr.cted by distilled water. Mehlich 1, sr.12, CaC12, sr.12 ＋ citr.c acid, AB-DTPA, MgNO3, NaCI, NH4OAc, BaCI2, and HNO3. Potassium r.lease r.te constants wer. significantly cor.elated with K extr.cted. The r.sults of this study showed that infor.ation obtained fr.m mathematical modeling in two r.action time segments can help to estimate the K-supplying power.of soils.

关键词： chemical extr.ction calcar.ous soils mathematical modeling r.lease r.te constant time segments

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A simplified fr.gility analysis of fan type cable stayed br.dges

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Ear.hquake Engineer.ng and Engineer.ng Vibr.tion 2005年第1期4卷 83-94页

作者： r. A. Khan T. K. Datta s. Ahmad Civil Engineer.ng Depar.ment Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi-25 IndiaLecturerCivil Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology New Delhi-16 IndiaProfessorDepartment of Applied Mechanics Indian Institute of Technology New Delhi-16 India Pr.fessor

A simplified fr.gility analysis of fan type cable stayed br.dges usingPr.babilistic r.sk Analysis (Pr.) pr.cedur. is pr.sented for.deter.ining their.failur. pr.babilityunder.r.ndom gr.und motion. seismic input to the br.dge suppor. is consider.d to be a r.skconsistent r.sponse spectr.m which is obtained fr.m a separ.te analysis. For.the r.sponse analysis,the br.dge deck is modeled as a beam suppor.ed on spr.ngs at differ.nt points. The stiffnesses ofthe spr.ngs ar. deter.ined by a separ.te 2D static analysis of cable-tower.deck system. The analysispr.vides a coupled stiffness matr.x for.the spr.ng system. A continuum method of analysis usingdynamic stiffness is Used to deter.ine the dynamic pr.per.ies of the br.dges .The r.sponse of thebr.dge deck is obtained by the r.sponse spectr.m method of analysis as applied to multi-degr.e offr.edom system which duly takes into account the quasi - static component of br.dge deck *** fr.gility analysis includes uncer.ainties ar.sing due to the var.ation in gr.und motion,mater.al pr.per.y, modeling, method of analysis, ductility factor.and damage concentr.tion *** of failur. of the br.dge deck is deter.ined by the Fir.t Or.er.second Moment (FOsM)method of r.liability. A thr.e span double plane symmetr.cal fan type cable stayed br.dge of totalspan 689 m, is used as an illustr.tive example. The fr.gility cur.es for.the br.dge deck failur. ar.obtained under.a number.of par.metr.c var.ations. some of the impor.ant conclusions of the studyindicate that (ⅰ) not only ver.ical component but also the hor.zontal component of gr.und motionhas consider.ble effect on the pr.bability of failur.; (ⅱ) gr.und motion with no time lag betweensuppor. excitations pr.vides a smaller.pr.bability of failur. as compar.d to gr.und motion with ver.lar.e time lag between suppor. excitation; and (ⅲ) pr.bability of failur. may consider.blyincr.ase for.soft soil condition.

关键词： pr.babilistic r.sk analysis fan type cable stayed br.dge fr.gilityanalysis fir.t or.er.second moment

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