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Geographical location affects size and materials used in the construction of european Pied Flycatcher(Ficedula hypoleuca) nests

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Avian Research 2019年第2期10卷 111-125页

作者： kevin B.Briggs Lucia e.Biddle d.Charles deeming Joseph Banks Laboratories School of Life SciencesUniversity of Lincoln

Background: Nest construction is a key element of avian reproductive behaviour and the result is often a complex structure that is used for incubation of eggs, which represents an extended phenotype. It is known that nest construction is a plastic behaviour but the extent to which plasticity is observed in a single species with a wide geographical distribution is largely unknown. This study sought to better understand variation in nest size and composition across a very wide geographical area. The hypothesis suggested that location would affect size but not composition of nests of the european Pied Flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca). Methods: Nests and reproductive data were collected from seventeen study sites, spread over 6° of latitude and 3.3° of longitude on the island of Great Britain. dimensions of nests were measured before they were deconstructed to determine the masses and types materials used in the outer nest and the cup lining. Results: Geographical variation was observed in base thickness of nests but not many other dimensions. Nests varied in composition but were mainly made of leaf, moss, bark, grass, root and fern. Moss was used more to the north and east of the study area compared with more leaf mass towards the south and west. The species of leaf and bark used in the nests varied between geographical locations. Additionally, the use of leaves or bark from a particular tree species did not reflect the incidence of the tree species in the immediate territory. Conclusions: This study showed that nest composition was affected by geographical location over a wide area. Variation between nests at each location was high and so it was concluded that differences in nest composition reflect individual selection of materials but evidence is such that it remains unclear whether this is deliberate to fulfil a specific role in the nest, or simply opportunistic with birds simply picking up materials with the appropriate characteristics as they find them outside the

关键词： Breeding success Ficedula hypoleuca Latitude Longitude Nest composition Nest size Nest structure

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Adults have more male-biased sex ratios than first-winter juveniles in wintering duck populations

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Avian Research 2021年第4期12卷 623-637页

作者： kevin A.Wood Kane Brides Maurice e.durham Richard d.Hearn Wildfowl&Wetlands Trust SlimbridgeGloucestershire GL27BTUK

Background:The long-term monitoring of demographic changes in waterbird populations remains limited,but such information can be valuable for conservationists and waterbird *** sex ratios can indicate differences in survival rates between *** particular,differences in the sex ratios of fledged juveniles and adults can provide insight into the development of male bias among ***:In this study,we used data from individual birds captured over a 57-year period to assess the extent,and temporal variability in male bias in nine populations of ducks wintering in the United Kingdom:Gadwall(Mareca strepera),Northern Mallard(Anas platyrhynchos),Northern Pintail(Anas acuta),Common Pochard(Aythya ferina),Common Shelduck(Tadorna tadorna),Northern Shoveler(Spatula clypeata),eurasian Teal(Anas crecca),Tufted duck(Aythya fuligula),and eurasian Wigeon(Mareca penelope).Results:Overall,eight of these populations were significantly male-biased and adults were more male-biased than first-winter juveniles for all nine *** increased male bias among adults is consistent with the hypothesis that factors such as higher mortality of reproductive-age females during the breeding season is a major cause of male bias in duck ***,such predation cannot explain the male bias detected in first-winter juveniles in four of the *** temporal trends in male bias differed between adults and first-winter juveniles in Northern Mallard,Northern Pintail,Common Pochard,Common Shelduck,eurasian Teal,Tufted duck,and eurasian *** the study period we found increased male bias among adult Northern Mallard,Northern Pintail,Common Pochard,Common Shelduck,and Tufted duck as well as both adult and first-winter juvenile Northern ***:We provide evidence that among wintering duck populations,sex ratios are typically male-biased,with adults exhibiting stronger male-biased sex ratios than first-winter *** monitoring

关键词： Anseriformes Bird ringing demography Population structure Sex ratio Waterfowl

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Advances in the phylogenesis of Agaricales and its higher ranks and strategies for establishing phylogenetic hypotheses

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2008年第10期9卷 779-786页

作者： Rui-lin ZHAO dennis e. deSJARdIN Kasem SOYTONG kevin d. hyde Faculty of Biology Conservation Southwest Forestry University Kunming 650224 China department of Biology San Francisco State University San Francisco California 94132 USA Faculty of Agricultural Technology King Mongkut＇s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang （KMITL） Ladkrabang Bangkok 10520 Thailand International Fungal Resource and development Centre the Research Institute of Resources Insects Chinese Academy of Forestry Kunming 650224 China Fungal Research Group School of Science Mae Fah Luang University Tasud Chiang Rai 57100 Thailand

We present an overview of previous research results on the molecular phylogenetic analyses in Agaricales and its higher ranks (Agaricomycetes/Agaricomycotina/Basidiomycota) along with the most recent treatments of taxonomic systems in these taxa. establishing phylogenetic hypotheses using dNA sequences, from which an understanding of the natural evolutionary relationships amongst clades may be derived, requires a robust dataset. It has been recognized that single-gene phylogenies may not truly represent organismal phylogenies, but the concordant phylogenetic genealogies from multiple-gene datasets can resolve this problem. The genes commonly used in mushroom phylogenetic research are summarized.

关键词： Gene Molecular Mushrooms Phylogeny

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Tribute to Professor John Webster(1925–2014)

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Fungal diversity 2015年第5期74卷 1-2页

作者： e.B.Gareth Jones kevin d.hy.e department of Botany and Microbiology King Saudi UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia Center of excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand

This isssue of Fungal diversity is dedicated to the memory of John Webster and his various contributions to mycology:an outstanding teacher and researcher,as the author of the acclaimed book Introduction to Fungi(now in its 3rd edition),the production of many films to illustrate the growth and reproduction of fungi,as President of the British Mycological Society(1969,1996 the centenary year of the BMS),for the *** in plant pathology and the garden of plant pathogens at exeter,as President of the International Mycological Association(IMA)1983–1990,for his many contributions on coprophilous and aquatic fungi and for his organising skills as the General Secretary of the 1st International Mycological Congress hosted in exeter in 1971.

关键词： claimed Webster illustrate

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Influence of 3d transition-metal substitution on the oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalysis of ternary nitrides in acid

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Nano Research 2019年第9期12卷 2307-2312页

作者： kevin e. Fritz Yichen Yan Jin Suntivich department of Material Science and engineering Cornell UniversityIthacaNew York 14850USA Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science IthacaNew York 14850USA

The development of non-precious,acid-stable,oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)electrocatalysts can significantly aid the commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PeMFCs).We report a survey of the ORR electrocatalysis on 3d metal substituted(M=Mn,Fe,Co)molybdenum and tungsten nitrides in acidic *** find that molybdate catalysts are more active than tungstates,with the specific activity depending on the chemistry of the substituted 3d *** both families,more electronegative 3d metals led to higher ORR activity(i.e.,Co>Fe>Mn).We attribute this result to the ability of the more electro negative 3d metal to withdraw electro ns from the Mo-or W-based active sites,effectively oxidizing the metal centers of the *** on our observation,future nitride ORR electrocatalysts can be further optimized by oxidizing the Mo sites further by,for example,addi ng eve n more electro negative dopa nt metals or in corporati ng anion vaca ncies.

关键词： nitrides electrocatalysis fuel cells oxygen reduction

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Taxonomy and phylogeny of operculate discomycetes: Pezizomycetes

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Fungal diversity 2018年第3期90卷 161-243页

作者： Anusha H.ekanayaka kevin d.hy.e e.B.Gareth Jones Qi Zhao Key Laboratory for Plant diversity and Biogeography of east Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201YunnanChina Center of excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand department of entomology and Plant Pathology Faculty of AgricultureChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand

The class Pezizomycetes is monophyletic within the subdivision Pezizomycotina. The main distinguishing character of thisclass is operculate asci, although in some taxa this character has been lost. The circumscription of the families and genericlevel delimitation in Pezizomycetes is still controversial, although several molecular phylogenetic studies have beenpublished on this group. This paper reviews 21 families of Pezizomycetes including five new families, which are introduced here, viz. Kallistoskyphaceae, Pseudombrophilaceae, Pulvinulaceae, Strobiloscyphaceae and Tarzettaceae. Moreover, this study provides a modified backbone tree based on phylogenetic analysis of five combined loci. descriptions andillustrations of representative taxa for the families are provided from collections made in China, Thailand and the UK,herbarium material from international herbaria (FH, FLAS, H, HKAS and MA) and the literature. Pezizales separates intosix major clades. Clade 1 of Pezizales includes the families Ascobolaceae and Pezizaceae. Clade 2 is the new familyKallistoskyphaceae. Clade 3 comprises the families Caloscyphaceae, Karstenellaceae and Rhizinaceae. Clade 4 representsthe families discinaceae, Helvellaceae, Morchellaceae, Tuberaceae and Underwoodia columnaris lineage. Clade 5includes Chorioactidaceae, Sarcoscyphaceae and Sarcosomataceae and Clade 6 comprises Ascodesmidaceae, Glaziellaceae, Otideaceae, Pseudombrophilaceae, Pulvinulaceae, Pyronemataceae, Strobiloscyphaceae and Tarzettaceae. Newsequence data belonging to ITS, LSU, SSU, TeF, RPB2 gene regions from 40 pezizalian species are provided here. Thepaper provides a working document for apothecial Pezizomycetes which can be modified as new data comes to light. It ishoped that by illustrating taxa we provide stimulation and interest in the operculate discomycetes, so that further research iscarried out on this remarkable, but poorly studied group of fungi.

关键词： Apothecial ascomycetes Five new families Multi-gene analysis Systematics Tuberales

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Morphology, Phylogeny and Culture Characteristics of Ganoderma gibbosum Collected from Kunming, Yunnan Province, China

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Phyton-International Journal of experimental Botany 2020年第3期89卷 743-764页

作者： Thatsanee Luangharn Samantha C.Karunarathna Peter e.Mortimer kevin d.hy.e Jianchu Xu Key Laboratory for Plant diversity and Biogeography of east Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China east and Central Asia Regional Office World Agroforestry Centre(ICRAF)Kunming650201China Centre for Mountain Futures Kunming Institute of BotanyKunming650201China Center of excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai57100Thailand

Ganoderma is a genus of medicinally and economically important mushrooms in the family *** species are popular medicinal mushrooms and their health benefits are *** is a cosmopolitan genus that is widely distributed in both tropical and temperate *** genus is characterized by its unique laccate or non-laccate species with double-walled ***,we report on eight collections of *** collected during surveys in Kunming,Yunnan Province,*** specimens are described and illustrated based on macro-and micro-morphological *** dNA of the eight *** strains were extracted using the Biospin Fungal extraction Kit following manufacturer *** of the Internal Transcribed Spacer(nrITS)region was carried out using ITS5/ITS4 primers and LROR/LR5 for the nuclear ribosomal large subunit 28S rdNA gene(LSU).Phylogenetic analysis with closely related species to *** showed that all eight collections grouped with *** with 100%bootstrap *** similarity and morphological variations within the eight collections of *** are discussed.

关键词： Chinese medicine medicinal mushroom morphology phylogeny

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Real-world emission factors for Caterpillar 797B heavy haulers during mining operations

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Particuology 2016年第5期14卷 22-30页

作者： Xiaoliang Wang Judith C. Chow Steven d. Kohl kevin e. Percy Allan H. Legge John G. Watson desert Research Institute 2215 Raggio Parkway Reno NV 895J2 USA Graduate Faculty University of Nevada Reno NV89503 USA The State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi'an 710075 China Wood Buffalo environmental Association 330 Thickwood Boulevard Fort McMurray AB Canada 7DK 1 Y1 Biosphere Solutions 1610 1 lth Avenue N.W. Calgary AB Canada T2N IG9

Real-world fuel-based emission factors （eFs） from Caterpillar 797B diesel heavy haulers when used for oil sands mining operations were measured using an on-hoard portable emissions monitoring system. Average eFs （in g/kg fuel） for 16 separate tests on four trucks were 3150 ± 4 for CO2, 2.51 ± 1.30 for CH4, 10.28 ± 3.21 for CO, 0.61 ± 0.32 for non-methane hydrocarbons, 55.49 ± 9,75 for NOx （reported as NO2）, 0.70 ± 0.17 for PM2.s （mass of particles with aerodynamic diameter 〈2.5 μm）, and 0.34 ± 0.05 for black carbon （BC）. Ultrafine particle numbers averaged （4.7 ± 4.1 ） × 10^15 particleslkg fuel. Fuel-based eFs of NO, NO2, and particle numbers were higher during idling, whereas PM2.5 and BC eFs were higher during traveling without a load. A comparison of emissions with those reported by oil sands facilities showed large variations, both among the facilities and between the reported emissions and the real-world measurements.

关键词： Heavy hauler emission Nonroad Portable emissions measurement system Mining Oil sands

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Trichomeriaceae, a new sooty mould family of Chaetothyriales

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Fungal diversity 2012年第5期56卷 63-76页

作者： Putarak Chomnunti d.J.Bhat e.B.Gareth Jones ekachai Chukeatirote Ali H.Bahkali kevin d.hy.e International Fungal Research and development Centre The Research Institute of Resource InsectsChinese Academy of ForestryBailongsiKunmingYunnanPeople’s Republic of China 650224 Institute of excellence in Fungal Research School of ScienceMae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand School of Science Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Institute of Ocean and earth Sciences(IOeS) C308Institute of Postgraduate Studies BuildingUniversity of Malaya50603Kuala LumpurMalaysia College of Science Botany and Microbiology DepartmentKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 1145Saudi Arabia

Trichomerium is a genus of foliar epiphytes with the appearance of sooty moulds,mostly occurring on the surface of living leaves and apparently gaining their nutrients from insect *** have ascostromata with setae and develop on a loosely interwoven mycelial mass of dark brown hyphae,while asci have a bitunicate appearance with hyaline *** this study,we made 16 collections of Trichomerium from *** were isolated,and the LSU and ITS rdNA gene regions *** analysis indicated that the Trichomerium species form a monophyletic clade within Chaetothyriales and warrant the introduction of a new family *** support for the Chaetothyriales is 100%and clearly separates Trichomeriaceae from Capnodiales which are morphologically very similar.A detailed account of Trichomerium is provided and we describe and illustrate three new species based on morphological and molecular *** propose that *** is adopted as the generic type of Trichomerium because it has been impossible to obtain the holotype specimen of *** and also no molecular data exists in worldwide databases for this species or genus.

关键词： Foliar epiphytes Phylogeny Sooty moulds Trichomerium

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Solution pH jump during antibody and Fc-fusion protein thaw leads to increased aggregation

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2018年第5期8卷 302-306页

作者： kevin P.Kent Chad e.Schroeder Chandana Sharma Upstream R&d MilliporeSigma

Freeze-thaw cycles impact the amount of aggregation observed in antibodies and Fc-fusion proteins. Various formulation strategies are used to mitigate the amount of aggregation that occurs upon putting a protein solution through a freeze-thaw cycle. Additionally, low pH solutions cause native antibodies to unfold, which are prone to aggregate upon pH neutralization, There is great interest in the mechanism that causes therapeutic proteins to aggregate since aggregate species can cause unwanted immunogenicity in patients, Herein, an increase in aggregation is reported when the pH is adjusted from pH 3 up to a pH ranging from pH 4 to pH 7 during the thaw process of a frozen antibody solution, Raising the pH during the thaw process caused a significant increase in the percent aggregation observed. Two antibodies and one Fc-fusion protein were evaluated during the pH jump thaw process and similar effects were observed. The results provide a new tool to study the kinetics of therapeutic protein ag- gregation upon pH increase,

关键词： Monoclonal antibodies Freeze-thaw Protein aggregation Protein stability

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