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Redesigning crop varieties to win the race between climate change and food security

Molecular Plant 2023年第10期16卷 1590-1611页

作者： kevin v.pixley Jill E.Cairns Santiago Lopez-Ridaura Chris O.Ojiewo Maryam Abba Dawud Inoussa Drabo Taye Mindaye Baloua Nebie Godfrey Asea Biswanath Das Happy Daudi Haile Desmae Benoit Joseph Batieno Ousmane Boukar Clare T.M.Mukankusi Stanley T.Nkalubo Sarah J.Hearne Kanwarpal S.Dhugga Harish Gandhi Sieglinde Snapp Ernesto Adair Zepeda-villarreal International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) TexcocoMexico International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) HarareZimbabwe International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) NairobiKenya Lake Chad Research Institute(LCRI) MaidiguriNigeria International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) DakarSenegal Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research(EIAR) Addis AbabaEthiopia National Agricultural Research Organization(NARO) KampalaUganda Tanzania Agricultural Research Institute(TARI) NaliendeleTanzania Institut de l'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles(INERA) OuagadougouBurkina Faso International Institute of Tropicl Agriculture(IITA) KanoNigeria Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT KampalaUganda

Climate change poses daunting challenges to agricultural production and food security.Rising temperatures,shifting weather patterns,and more frequent extreme events have already demonstrated their effects on local,regional,and global agricultural systems.Crop varieties that withstand climate-related stresses and are suitable for cultivation in innovative cropping systems will be crucial to maximize risk avoidance,productivity,and profitability under climate-changed environments.We surveyed 588 expert stakeholders to predict current and novel traits that may be essential for future pearl millet,sorghum,maize,groundnut,cowpea,and common bean varieties,particularly in sub-Saharan Africa.We then review the current progress and prospects for breeding three prioritized future-essential traits for each of these crops.Experts predict that most current breeding priorities will remain important,but that rates of genetic gain must increase to keep pace with climate challenges and consumer demands.Importantly,the predicted future-essential traits include innovative breeding targets that must also be prioritized;for example,(1)optimized rhizosphere microbiome,with benefits for P,N,and water use efficiency,(2)optimized performance across or in specific cropping systems,(3)lower nighttime respiration,(4)improved stover quality,and(5)increased early vigor.We further discuss cutting-edge tools and approaches to discover,validate,and incorporate novel genetic diversity from exotic germplasm into breeding populations with unprecedented precision,accuracy,and speed.We conclude that the greatest challenge to developing crop varieties to win the race between climate change and food security might be our innovativeness in defining and boldness to breed for the traits of tomorrow.

关键词： climate change food security crop breeding cropping systems expert survey sub-Saharan Africa

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Source of metals related to gold occurrences in Cameroon, Central African Belt

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Acta Geochimica 2024年第2期43卷 308-324页

作者： kevin Igor Azeuda Ndonfack Jinlin Zhang Yuling Xie NSamiratou Yaya Emmanuel Archelaus Afanga Basua JCHX Mining Management Co. LtdBeijing 101500People’s Republic of China Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037People’s Republic of China School of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083People’s Republic of China Department of Earth Science University of BamendaBamendaRepublic of Cameroon

Suites of granitic and metamorphic rocks form a perfect geological environment in which to investigate the source of metals related to gold deposits.In the East Province of Cameroon,the source of metals-related gold(grade~4.6 g/t)that occurs within metamorphic and granitic rocks remains ambiguous.The host rocks were subjected to XRF and ICP-MS whole-rock geochemistry and BSE/EDS mineral analyses to investigate the source(s)of metals related to gold in the Province.Petrographically,chalcopyrite-pyrite and magnetite-ilmenite are the main sulfi des and oxides of granites,respectively.The low-grade metamorphic rocks are sulfi de-rich consisting of arsenopyrite,chalcopyrite,pyrite,and sphalerite,and oxides include magnetite,ilmenite,hematite,and rutile.Cu,Ni,Co,Sb,Sc,and Zn concentrations depleted in high-grade metamorphic rocks and granites compared to low-grade metamorphic rocks.As well,Bi,Cd,Co,Cu,Ni,Sb,v,W,and Zn concentrations decrease with increasing temperatures from low-grade rocks to high-grade rocks and granites.The suite of depleted elements in high-grade rocks and granites is almost identical to those enriched in gold occurrences.We conclude that metals(Bi,Cd,Co,Cu,Ni,Sb,and Zn)related to gold mineralization in the East Province of Cameroon likely originated from metal-rich low-grade metamorphic rocks during prograde metamorphic processes prior to partial melting.

关键词： East Province of Cameroon Metamorphic rocks Granites Oxide–sulﬁdes Metal and gold Geochemistry

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HISP-1 Inhibits HSv-1 Infection in Cultured vero Cells

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2024年第4期15卷 269-288页

作者： Sandra D. Adams kevin T. Bilyk Modukuri v. Ramani Gottumukkala v. Subbaraju Department of Biology Montclair State University Montclair USA Department of Chemistry Andhara University Visakhapatnam India

Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSv-1) remains a leading cause of viral disease worldwide and is spread by direct contact with infected lesions. There is no vaccine against HSv-1 infections and there remains a need to identify therapeutics that could reduce the spread. In this study various hispolon compounds were analyzed to determine their antiviral potential against HSv-1 infections in cultured vero cells. To determine the effects on infectivity and possible mechanisms of inhibition, the following assays were conducted. In vitro cytotoxicity assays were conducted to determine the effect of the compounds on cell viability and the maximum non-cytotoxic concentrations. Antiviral assays measured cell viability, percent inhibition of infection following treatment with the compounds, and the effect on the viral infection cycle. These effects were visualized using inverted light and fluorescent microscopy. Of the 24 hispolons tested, only hispolon pyrazole-1 (HISP-1) demonstrated antiviral effects. HISP-1 was demonstrated to effect early stages in HSv-1 infection in cultured vero cells (attachment, penetration, and post-penetration). In silico modeling analyses were conducted to analyze the interactions between HISP-1 and viral glycoprotein D (gD). HISP-1 is safe at concentrations tested and is effective in inhibiting infection of HSv-1 in cultured cells. HISP-1 has potential for therapeutic use as an antiviral against HSv-1 infection, could work in synergy with other antivirals that work be a different modality, and could be developed as a component of a topical agent to reduce the spread of HSv-1 infections.

关键词： Hispolon Herpes Simplex virus-1 Antiviral Curcumin

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Potential transformation of organic matter by microbes in cryoconite,Tibetan Plateau

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第6期67卷 1978-1989页

作者： Bixi GUO Yongqin LIU kevin Xu ZHONG Quan SHI Chen HE Qiang ZHENG Ruanhong CAI State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Environment and Resources(TPESER)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Center for the Pan-Third Pole Environment Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Department of Earth Oceanand Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBC V6T 1Z4Canada State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing Petroleum Molecules Engineering Center(PMEC)China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China State Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Science Collage of Ocean and Earth SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen 361102China Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China

Microorganisms play an essential role in the glacier carbon cycle;how they transform organic matter in mountain glacial cryoconite remains to be studied.Here,we applied ultra-high resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry(FT-ICR MS)and deep sequencing of 16S rRNA gene,to investigate the temporal microbial transformation of dissolved organic matter(DOM)of the Tibetan Plateau cryoconite.During the 60-day incubation,we found that DOM in cryoconite underwent a three-stage transformation,with decreasing bioavailability over time.The microbial community did not change much in the first week while degrading DOM molecules that were associated with higher H/C_(wa)and lower O/C_(wa).During days 15-30,DOM composition remained stable while microbial diversity increased.By day 60,the DOM was microbially converted into a higher state of recalcitrance,with higher values of aromatic index,O/C_(wa),and lower H/C_(wa),which contained molecules containing more heteroatoms.Cooperation among various microbial taxa,like Cyanobacteria,Bacteroidota,Gammaproteobacteria,Firmicutes,and Actinobacteriota,drove the DOM transformation in cryoconite.This study sheds light on the in-situ transformation of DOM composition meditated by microbial populations in cryoconite at a temporal scale,providing new insights into understanding the microbial roles in the glacier organic carbon transformation.

关键词： Cryoconite Dissolved organic matter Biodegradation Microbial community Temporal variation

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Philippine retinoblastoma initiative multi-eye center study 2010-2020

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第1期17卷 144-156页

作者： Roland Joseph D.Tan Gary John v.Mercado Patricia E.Cabrera Paulita Pamela P.Astudillo Rolando Enrique D.Domingo Josept Mari S.Poblete Charmaine Grace M.Cabebe Adriel vincent R.Te Melissa Anne S.Gonzales Jocelyn G.Sy Beltran Alexis A.Aclan Jayson T.So Fatima G.Regala Kimberley Amanda K.Comia Josemaria M.Castro Mara Augustine S.Galang Aldous Dominic C.Cabanlas Benedicto Juan E.Aguilar Gabrielle S.Evangelista Jo Michael Maniwan Andrei P.Martin Calvin Y.Martinez John Alfred H.Lim Rena Ivy Bascuna Rachel M.Ng kevin B.Agsaoay Kris Zanna A.Acluba-Arao Ellaine Rose v.Apostol Beatriz M.Prieto Department of Ophthalmology and visual Sciences Philippine General HospitalManila 1000Philippines Department of Ophthalmology Baguio General Hospital and Medical CenterBaguio City 2600Philippines Department of Ophthalmology Manila Doctors HospitalManila 1000Philippines Department of Ophthalmology Rizal Medical CenterPasig City 1600Philippines Department of Ophthalmology Jose B.Lingad Memorial Regional HospitalPampanga 2000Philippines Department of Ophthalmology Southern Philippines Medical CenterDavao City 8000Philippines Department of Ophthalmology East Avenue Medical CenterQuezon City 1100Philippines Department of Ophthalmology Northern Mindanao Medical CenterCagayan de Oro City 9000Philippines Department of Ophthalmology Cebu Velez General HospitalCebu City 6000Philippines Legazpi Eye Center Legazpi City 4500Philippines Department of Ophthalmology Cagayan Valley Medical CenterTuguegarao City 3500Philippines

AIM:To provide a comprehensive and more representative national data on the disease,especially on treatment options and outcomes,and to determine access of retinoblastoma patients from Luzon,visayas and Mindanao to eye care,and determine if access is associated with delay in consultation,staging and outcomes.METHODS:Cohort study of retinoblastoma patients seen in eleven institutions located in the three major areas of the Philippines namely Luzon,vizayas and Mindanao from 2010-2020.RESULTS:Totally 636 patients,involving 821 eyes,were included.Majority(57%)were from Luzon and were seen in institutions in Luzon(72%).Annually,58±10 new cases were seen with 71%having unilateral disease.Median delay of consultation remained long at 9(3,17)mo,longest in patients with unilateral disease(Pvisayas(Pved by 484 patients while intravenous chemotherapy was received by 469.There were 250(39%)patients alive,195(31%)dead,85(13%)abandoned,17(3%)refused and 89(14%)with no data.CONCLUSION:This study presents the largest cohort of retinoblastoma patients in the Philippines in terms of patients’and participating institutions’number and geographical location and type of institution(private and public).It also presents more comprehensive data on the treatments used and outcomes(survival,globe salvage,and vision retention rates).Delay in consultation was still long among patients leading to advanced disease stage and lower survival rate.Despite increasing capacity to diagnose and manage retinoblastoma in the country,the delay of consultation remains long primarily due to accessibility issues to eye care institutions especially in the visayas and financial concerns.The delay was still significant that overall survival rate remain low.

关键词： retinoblastoma Philippines clinical profile

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Waste fly ash-ZnO as a novel sunlight-responsive photocatalyst for dye discoloration

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Water Science and Engineering 2023年第1期16卷 76-82页

作者： Leena v.Bora Sonal P.Thakkar kevin S.vadaliya Nisha v.Bora Nirma University AhmedabadGujarat 382481India Government Engineering College ModasaGujarat 383315India

Treating waste with a waste material using freely available solar energy is the most effective way towards sustainable future.In this study,a novel photocatalyst,partly derived from waste material from the coal industry,was developed.Fly ash hybridized with ZnO(FAeZn)was synthesized as a potential photocatalyst for dye discoloration.The synthesized photocatalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,and ultravioletevisible/near infra-red spectroscopy.The photocatalytic activity was examined with the discoloration of methylene blue used as synthetic dye wastewater.All the experiments were performed in direct sunlight.The photocatalytic performance of FAeZn was found to be better than that of ZnO and the conventionally popular TiO2.The LangmuireHinshelwood model rate constant values of ZnO,TiO2,and FAeZn were found to be 0.016 min1,0.017 min1,and 0.020 min1,respectively.There were two reasons for this:(1)FAeZn was able to utilize both ultraviolet and visible parts of the solar spectrum,and(2)its BrunauereEmmetteTeller surface area and porosity were significantly enhanced.This led to increased photon absorption and dye adsorption,thus exhibiting an energy-efficient performance.Therefore,FAeZn,partly derived from waste,can serve as a suitable material for environmental remediation and practical solar energy applications.

关键词： Photocatalyst ZnO Fly ash Geopolymer Wastewater treatment Methylene blue

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Multinuclear MR and MRI study of lithium-ion cells using a variable field magnet and a fixed frequency RF probe

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Magnetic Resonance Letters 2024年第1期4卷 10-20页

作者： Andrés Ramírez Aguilera Florin Marica kevin J.Sanders Md Al Raihan C.Adam Dyker Gillian R.Goward Bruce *** UNB MRI Centre Department of PhysicsUniversity of New BrunswickFrederictonNew BrunswickE3B 5A3Canada Department of Chemistry McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioL8S 4L8Canada Department of Chemistry University of New BrunswickFrederictonNew BrunswickE3B 5A3Canada

An exploratory multinuclear magnetic resonance(MR)and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)study was performed on lithium-ion battery cells with ^(7)Li,^(19)F,and ^(1)H measurements.A variable field superconducting magnet with a fixed frequency parallel-plate radiofrequency(RF)probe was employed in the study.The magnetic field was changed to set the resonance frequency of each nucleus to the fixed RF probe frequency of 33.7 MHz.Two cartridge-like lithium-ion cells,with graphite anodes and LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(0.3)Co_(0.2)O_(2)(NMC)cathodes,were interrogated.One cell was pristine,and one was charged to a cell voltage of 4.2 v.The results presented demonstrate the great potential of the variable field magnet approach in multinuclear measurement of lithium-ion batteries.These methods open the door for developing faster and simpler methods for detecting,quantifying,and interpreting MR and MRI data from lithium-ion and other batteries.

关键词： Multinuclear MR/MRI variable field magnet Lithium-ion battery Parallel-plate rf probe

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Enhanced recovery after surgery protocols for outpatient operations in otolaryngology:Review of literature

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2022年第2期8卷 96-106页

作者： kevin Chorath Sara Hobday Neeraj v.Suresh Beatrice Go Alvaro Moreira Karthik Rajasekaran Department of Otorhinolaryngology University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA Department of Pediatrics University of Texas Health-San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA

Objective:Enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS)protocols are patient-centered,evidence-based pathways designed to reduce complications,promote recovery,and improve outcomes following surgery.These protocols have been successfully applied for the management of head and neck cancer,but relatively few studies have investigated the applicability of these pathways for other outpatient procedures in otolaryngology.Our goal was to perform a systematic review of available evidence reporting the utility of ERAS protocols for the management of patients undergoing outpatient otolaryngology operations.Methods:A systematic literature review was conducted using MEDLINE,EMBASE,SCOPUS,and gray literature.We identified studies that evaluated ERAS protocols among patients undergoing otologic,laryngeal,nasal/sinus,pediatric,and general otolaryngology operations.We assessed the outcomes and ERAS components across protocols as well as the study design and limitations.Results:A total of eight studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis.Types of procedures evaluated with ERAS protocols included tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy,functional endoscopic sinus surgery,tympanoplasty and mastoidectomy,and septoplasty.A reduction in postoperative length of stay and hospital costs was reported in two and three studies,respectively.Comparative studies between ERAS and control groups showed persistent improvement in pre-and postoperative anxiety and pain levels,without an increase in postoperative complications and readmission rates.Conclusions:A limited number of studies discuss implementation of ERAS protocols for outpatient operations in otolaryngology.These clinical pathways appear promising for these procedures as they may reduce length of stay,decrease costs,and improve pain and anxiety postoperatively.

关键词： enhanced recovery after surgery otolaryngology outpatient surgery patient safety PSQI

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Experimental study on modification of water-based filtercake to improve the bonding strength at the wellbore cement-formation interface

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Petroleum Research 2023年第4期8卷 531-540页

作者： kevin Nsolloh Lichinga Department of Engineering Development Tanzania Industrial Research and Development Organization(TIRDO)PO Box 23235Dar es SalaamTanzania Department of Petroleum Engineering Faculty of Earth Resources for Oil Well Cement Research and TestingNo.388Lumo RoadHongshan DistrictWuhanChina University of GeosciencesWuhan430074PR China

The objective of this experimental study is to improve the cementing bond quality of sandstone oil-gas well along the wellbore cement-formation interface(WCFI),so as to ensure long-term zonal isolation throughout the lifecycle of the well by using NsO solution as filtercake modifier which was developed in the laboratory.According to designed experimental method and API RP 10,the effectiveness of filtercake modifier(NSO)on the bonding strength at the WCFI was assessed by using designed simulated wellbore as sandstone formation.The experimental results indicated that the samples which were treated with NsO solution had higher bond strength over untreated samples.The strength generally increased with curing period as for treated samples,0.198,0.374,0.433 and 0.473 MPa for 3,7,15,and 30 days respectively while for the untreated samples the bond strength were 0.050,0.070,0.81 and 0.100 MPa for the same period.The water-based filtercake modification techniques had significantly enhanced the bonding strength of WCFI by increasing rates above 296%.Improvement of bond strength to the treated sample was due to filtercake modification as a result of formation of cementitious material as revealed in FTIR spectral such as Calcium-Silicate-Hydrate(C-S-H)and other geopolymers like Calcium-Aluminium-Silicate-Hydrate(C-A-S-H)and Sodium-Aluminium-Silicate-Hydrate(N-A-S-H)along the interface which filled the existed pores hence reducing porosity hence high strength of bond.The low transmittance value for the NsO treated samples revealed that there were more cementitious materials existing at the WCFI which led to improvement of bonding strength as compared to the untreated samples.The lower/poor bond strength for the untreated samples is due to existence of untreated,thick water-based filtercake films at WCFI,which prevented the complete hydration process between rock grains and cement slurry components to make chemical binder of cement slurry material and formation.2022 The Authors.Publishing services provided by Elsevier B.v.on b

关键词： Geopolymer Bond strength Water-based mud Wellbore cement-formation interface NSO

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简论革命者弥迦

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圣经文学研究 2016年第2期 54-66页

作者：乔治·v.皮克斯利王晴阳河南大学

诺曼·戈特瓦尔德使用社会科学方法研究以色列的起源,在《弥迦书》中寻找早期革命理论和实践的残留迹象,认为弥迦是一位革命者。严格的审查制度致使该文本中出现大量讹误,翻译也因译者们的理解偏差而变得十分复杂。对弥迦预言的革命性... 详细信息

诺曼·戈特瓦尔德使用社会科学方法研究以色列的起源,在《弥迦书》中寻找早期革命理论和实践的残留迹象,认为弥迦是一位革命者。严格的审查制度致使该文本中出现大量讹误,翻译也因译者们的理解偏差而变得十分复杂。对弥迦预言的革命性解读需借助七十子译本、马所拉圣经版本等文献,以求恢复文本原貌并判断该先知的真正立场。根据弥迦对犹大民族和耶路撒冷的预言,在细读和对比《以赛亚书》的基础上,结合对当时动荡不安的政治形势、农村地区薄弱护卫力量的分析,可以挑战之前的学术共识,大胆假设该先知策划了一场意在重新分配土地的农民起义,毁灭了充满罪恶的城市。对《弥迦书》个案的讨论启迪我们,有必要从社会底层阶级的政治学角度重读圣经,挖掘其中隐藏的革命信息。

关键词：《弥迦书》戈特瓦尔德社会学革命

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