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Bone graft substitutes for spine fusion: A brief review

World Journal of Orthopedics 2015年第6期6卷 449-456页

作者： Ashim Gupta Nitin Kukkar kevin sharif Benjamin J Main Christine E Albers Saadiq F El-Amin Ⅲ Department of Medical Microbiology Immunology and Cell Biology Southern Illinois University School of Medicine Institute for Plastic Surgery Department of Surgery Southern Illinois University School of Medicine Division of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation Department of Surgery Southern Illinois University School of Medicine Department of Surgery Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences

Bone graft substitutes are widely used in the field of orthopedics and are extensively used to promote vertebral fusion. Fusion is the most common technique in spine surgery and is used to treat morbidities and relieve discomfort. Allograft and autograft bone substitutes are currently the most commonly used bone grafts to promote fusion. These approaches pose limitations and present complications to the patient. Numerous alternative bone graft substitutes are on the market or have been developed and proposed for application. These options have attempted to promote spine fusion by enhancing osteogenic properties. In this review, we reviewed biology of spine fusion and the current advances in biomedical materials and biological strategies for application in surgical spine fusion. Our findings illustrate that, while many bone graft substitutes perform well as bone graft extenders, only osteoinductive proteins(recombinant bone morphogenetic proteins-2 and osteogenic protein-1) provide evidence for use as both bone enhancers and bone substitutes for specific types of spinal fusion. Tissue engineered hydrogels, synthetic polymer composites and viral based gene therapy also holds the potential to be used for spine fusion in future, though warrants further investigation to be used in clinical practice.

关键词： Bone enhancers Bone graft substitutes Spine fusion Autograft Allograft

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The Use of SF<sub>6</sub>and GIS to Study Farfield Modeling of Ocean Outfall Plumes in Florida

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2014年第11期5卷 1037-1052页

作者： Frederick Bloetscher Fernando J. Pleitez Thomas Romah Ahmed Albasri Chase Dickinson Husayn El sharif kevin Matthews Trung-Duong Nguyen Lucrece Riche Frank Youngman Thomas P. Carsey Jack Stamates John R. Proni Applied Research Center (ARC) Florida International University Miami FL USA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory Ocean Chemistry Division Miami FL USA Florida Atlantic University Civil Engineering Department Boca Raton FL USA

In June, 2004 and February, 2007, in field tracer studies were conducted on the Hollywood and South Central outfalls, using sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) as a tracer. The objective of these studies was to determine if the tracer could be detected in the farfield at significant distance, and if so, could this data be used to construct a model of the farfield plume. Prior models for farfield plume movement do not appear to comport well with the conditions in southeast Florida. Extensive research was conducted in southeast Florida on 4 outfalls, which led to the development of nearfield dilution equations for same. However farfield modeling of outfall plumes was difficult to accomplish because the tracers used are not detectable for significant distances. The SF6 resolved that problem and as a result the Hollywood outfall was used to construct a model. Two methods were investigated for modeling the plume, 1) the Eureqa formulation method and 2) the Gamma-Curve method. The concentrations in the x-y plane were first found by using the Eureqa formulation to calculate the concentration at each grid point given its depth and the concentration of the centerline at the same latitude. The plume models were generated using MATLAB that matched with the results actually seen in the field.

关键词： Ocean Outfall Treated Sewage Effluent Disposal Farfield Modeling Sulfur Hexafluoride

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