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Sodium and water perturbations in patients who had an acute stroke:clinical relevance and management strategies for the neurologist

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2022年第3期7卷 258-266页

作者： kevin C J Yuen Valerie Sharf Elizabeth Smith Minhwan Kim Alissya S M Yuen Paul R MacDonald Departments of Neuroendocrinology and Neurosurgery Barrow Neurological InstitutePhoenixArizonaUSA University of Arizona College of Medicine and Creighton School of Medicine PhoenixArizonaUSA Department of Neurology Barrow Neurological InstitutePhoenixArizonaUSA Midwestern University GlendaleIllinoisUSA Creighton University School of Medicine PhoenixArizonaUSA University of California Davis DavisCaliforniaUSA

Sodium and water perturbations,manifesting as hyponatraemia and hypernatraemia,are common in patients who had an acute stroke,and are associated with worse outcomes and increased *** non-stroke related causes of sodium and water perturbations in these patients include underlying comorbidities and concomitant ***,hospitalised patients who had an acute stroke may receive excessive intravenous hypotonic solutions,have poor fluid intake due to impaired neurocognition and consciousness,may develop sepsis or are administered drugs(eg,mannitol);factors that can further alter serum sodium *** and water perturbations can also be exacerbated by the development of endocrine consequences after an acute stroke,including secondary adrenal insufficiency,syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion and diabetes ***,COVID-19 infection has been reported to increase the risk of development of sodium and water perturbations that may further worsen the outcomes of patients who had an acute *** there are currently no accepted consensus guidelines on the management of sodium and water perturbations in patients who had an acute stroke,we conducted a systematic review of the literature published in English and in peer-reviewed journals between January 2000 and December 2020,according to PRISMA guidelines,to assess on the current knowledge and clinical practices of this *** this review,we discuss the signs and symptoms of hyponatraemia and hypernatraemia,the pathogenesis of hyponatraemia and hypernatraemia,their clinical relevance,and we provide our recommendations for effective treatment strategies for the neurologist in the management of sodium and water perturbations in commonly encountered aetiologies of patients who had an acute stroke.

关键词： patients impaired consequences

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Rapid GFAP and Iba1 expression changes in the female rat brain following spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第2期17卷 378-385页

作者： Mawj Mandwie Jordan A.Piper Catherine A.Gorrie kevin A.Keay Giuseppe Musumeci Ghaith Al-Badri Alessandro Castorina Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience(LCMN) School of Life ScienceFaculty of ScienceUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyNSWAustralia Neural Injury Research Unit School of Life ScienceFaculty of ScienceUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyNSWAustralia School of Medical Sciences(Neuroscience) The University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences AnatomyHistology and Movement Sciences SectionSchool of MedicineUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly

Evidence suggests that rapid changes to supporting glia may predispose individuals with spinal cord injury(SCI) to such comorbidities. Here, we interrogated the expression of astrocyte-and microglial-specific markers glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1(Iba1) in the rat brain in the first 24 hours following SCI. Female Sprague-Dawley rats underwent thoracic laminectomy;half of the rats received a mild contusion injury at the level of the T10 vertebral body(SCI group), the other half did not(Sham group). Twenty-four hours post-surgery the amygdala, periaqueductal grey, prefrontal cortex, hypothalamus, lateral thalamus, hippocampus(dorsal and ventral) in rats were collected. GFAP and Iba1 m RNA and protein levels were measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. In SCI rats, GFAP m RNA and protein expression increased in the amygdala and hypothalamus. In contrast, gene and protein expression decreased in the thalamus and dorsal hippocampus. Interestingly, Iba1 transcripts and proteins were significantly diminished only in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus, where gene expression diminished. These findings demonstrate that as early as 24 hours post-SCI there are region-specific disruptions of GFAP and Iba1 transcript and protein levels in higher brain regions. All procedures were approved by the University of Technology Sydney Institutional Animal Care and Ethics Committee(UTS ACEC13-0069).

关键词： affective disorders astrocytes glial fibrillary acidic protein ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 memory microglia neurotrauma spinal cord injury

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End-to-end differentiability and tensor processing unit computing to accelerate materials’ inverse design

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 1072-1083页

作者： Han Liu Yuhan Liu kevin Li Zhangji Zhao Samuel S.Schoenholz Ekin D.Cubuk Puneet Gupta Mathieu Bauchy SOlids inFormaTics AI-Laboratory(SOFT-AI-Lab) College of Polymer Science and EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China AIMSOLID Research Wuhan 430223China Physics of AmoRphous and Inorganic Solids Laboratory(PARISlab) Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA Department of Computer Science University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA Google Research Brain TeamMountain ViewCAUSA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA

Numerical simulations have revolutionized material ***,although simulations excel at mapping an input material to its output property,their direct application to inverse design has traditionally been limited by their high computing cost and lack of ***,taking the example of the inverse design of a porous matrix featuring targeted sorption isotherm,we introduce a computational inverse design framework that addresses these challenges,by programming differentiable simulation on TensorFlow platform that leverages automated end-to-end *** to its differentiability,the simulation is used to directly train a deep generative model,which outputs an optimal porous matrix based on an arbitrary input sorption isotherm ***,this inverse design pipeline leverages the power of tensor processing units(TPU)—an emerging family of dedicated chips,which,although they are specialized in deep learning,are flexible enough for intensive scientific *** approach holds promise to accelerate inverse materials design.

关键词： enough inverse isotherm

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A comparison of outcomes between laparoscopic and robotic appendectomy among ACS-NSQIP hospitals

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Laparoscopic, Endoscopic and Robotic Surgery 2023年第2期6卷 39-42页

作者： Timothy Becker Genaro DeLeon Varun Rao kevin Y.Pei Indiana University School of Medicine 340 W 10th StIndianapolisIN 46202USA Parkview Health General Surgery Graduate Medical Education 2200 Randallia DrFort WayneIN 46805USA

Objective:Robotic general surgery remains controversial,with some employing the technology for common laparoscopic procedures such as *** few studies have compared robotic appendectomy(RA)to existing techniques,partly due to the relative scarcity of *** purpose of this study was to compare outcomes for RA versus laparoscopic appendectomy(LA).Methods:This retrospective cohort study evaluated procedural specific databases of the American Col-lege of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program(ACS-NSQIP)for appendectomy be-tween January 2016 and December 2019 and included all available cases at the time of analysis(June 2021).Demographic and surgical outcomes including composite 30-day complications,specific com-plications,and length of operation were analyzed using a univariate ***:In total,there were 52,559 appendectomies in the NSQIP database between 2016 and *** was restricted to those who underwent minimally invasive *** total,49,850 patients were included in the *** those,49,800 patients underwent LA,and 50 patients underwent *** who underwent RA were older(35.8±4.5 y vs.23.0±0.2 y,p0.90)between RA and LA *** had a longer median operation time(71.0 min vs.46.0 min,p<0.01)but a shorter postoperative stay(0.7 d vs.1.3 d,p<0.01).There was no difference in the frequency of readmission likely related to procedure(4.0%vs.3.0%,p=0.88)or complications(18.0%vs.23.8%,p=0.88);however,RA was associated with increased 30-day mortality(2.0%vs.<0.1%,p<0.01)compared to ***:Our results demonstrated that LA and RA had a similar frequency and profile of *** procedures took longer but resulted in shorter postoperative *** study revealed that RA constituted a mere 0.1%of all cases,with only 50% showing pathology consistent with appendiciti

关键词： Robotics Appendectomy General surgery NSQIP Postoperative complication

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Targeting triple-negative breast cancer:A clinical perspective

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Oncology Research 2023年第3期31卷 221-238页

作者： LAZAR S.POPOVIC GORANA MATOVINA-BRKO MAJA POPOVIC kevin PUNIE ANA CVETANOVIC MATTEO LAMBERTINI Department of Medical Oncology Oncology Institute of VojvodinaSremska KamenicaSerbia Faculty of Medicine University of Novi SadNovi SadSerbia Department of General Medical Oncology and Multidisciplinary Breast Centre Leuven Cancer InstituteUniversity Hospitals LeuvenLeuvenBelgium Department for Oncology Medical Faculty NisUniversity of NisNisSerbia Clinic of Oncology Clinical Centre NisNisSerbia Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Sciences(DiMI) School of MedicineUniversity of GenovaGenovaItaly Department of Medical Oncology U.O.C Clinica di Oncologia MedicaIRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San MartinoGenovaItaly

Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)is a disease with often an aggressive course and a poor prognosis compared to other subtypes of breast *** accounts for approximately 10%–15%of all diagnosed breast cancer cases and represents a high unmet need in the *** to just a few years ago,chemotherapy was the only systemic treatment option for this subtype(1).To date,TNBC is considered a heterogeneous *** of the existing classifications is based on the analysis of mRNA expression in 587 TNBC cases,in which Lehman et *** six subtypes of TNBC as follows:two basal-like(BL1 and BL2)subtypes,a mesenchymal(M)subtype,a mesenchymal stem-like(MSL)subtype,an immunomodulatory(IM)subtype,and a luminal androgen receptor(LAR)subtype(2).Later studies have demonstrated that the IM and MSL subtypes do not correlate with independent subtypes but reflect background expression by dense infiltration of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes(TILs)or stromal *** to this finding,the classification of TNBC has been revised into the following four subtypes:basal 1,basal 2,LAR,and mesenchymal subtypes(3).Over the last years,several new strategies have been investigated for the treatment of patients with *** them,immunotherapy,antibody drug conjugates,new chemotherapy agents,and targeted therapy have been and are currently being *** present article aims to provide an updated overview on the different treatment options that are now available or are still under investigation for patients with TNBC.

关键词： Triple-negative breast cancer Immunotherapy Antibody-drug conjugates Target therapy

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A Brief Review of the Relationship between Addiction and Memory Systems

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World Journal of Neuroscience 2023年第3期13卷 151-159页

作者： kevin Patrick Barman Drug Studies/Human Services Rio Hondo College Whittier USA

This essay will reexamine research on the relationship between human memory and addiction. This paper will review several studies that discussed how memory systems in the human brain are involved in the acquisition of behavior that is learned and is associated with the development of drug addiction and drug relapse. Additional information reveals that when individuals make the transition from recreational drug or impulsive use to compulsive drug abuse, which may result in a neuroanatomical change in areas of the brain from cognitive control guided by the hippocampus/dorsomedial striatum towards conditioned control of behavior managed by the dorsolateral striatum (DLS) [1]. This review also looked at studies that involved experiments with humans and lower animals, which suggested that the hippocampus mediates a cognitive/spatial type of memory, while the dorsal striatum manages stimulus-response (S-R) habit memory, and the amygdala governs the classical conditioning form of learning and stimulus-affective-associative relationships [1]. Overall, these studies utilize the hypothesis of the memory systems view of addiction, and the involvement of learning and memory in the context of drug addiction, which was proposed by them [2]. This theory has been proposed in response to drug addiction research and includes alcohol, amphetamine, and cocaine [1]. The research also explains how stress and anxiety can play a role in how strong emotional excitement can lead to dependent habit memory in rodents and humans [1]. .

关键词： Drug Abuse Drug Addiction Learning and Memory Memory Systems

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Biochemical Changes in the Brain and Metabolism as Risk Factors of Neurological Disorders

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World Journal of Neuroscience 2022年第2期12卷 45-56页

作者： kevin Patrick Barman SAERA (School of Advanced Education Research and Accreditation and Education) Castellon de la Plana Spain

This paper aims to examine theories that attempt to explain biochemical changes in the brain as well as the metabolism of individuals who experience symptoms and conditions related to neurological disorders like depression. A systematic literature search was performed on NCBI and PubMed. The search included the keywords neurological disorders, monoamine hypothesis, metabolic syndrome, oxytocin receptor, dietary health, and magnesium intake. Twenty-five research articles met the criteria for the literature review of this examination. In particular, this paper will review multiple studies that investigate the monoamine (MAO) hypothesis of depression and metabolic syndrome (MetS) as a risk factor for neurological disorders. While studies that evaluate additional risk factors for neurological disorders, such as autoimmunity and rheumatic diseases, oxytocin receptor (OXTR) DNA methylation in postpartum depression, dietary health in children and their psychological health, and dietary magnesium and cardiovascular disease, will be reviewed as well.

关键词： Dietary Health Magnesium Intake Metabolic Syndrome Monoamine Hypothesis Neurological Disorders Oxytocin Receptor

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Long-term improvements in water conservation functions at Qilian Mountain National Park, northwest China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2023年第10期20卷 2885-2897页

作者： GAO Xiang HUANG Xing-xing CHANG Shu-hang DANG Qian-wen WEN Rui-yang LO kevin LI Jie YAN An College of Earth and Environmental Sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Department of Geography Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong Kong 999077China

Water conservation is one of the most important ecosystem *** study uses the InVEST model to examine the water conservation function of the Qilian Mountain National Park(QMNP),an important water supply area in northwest *** analyzed the spatiotemporal water conservation patterns of QMNP from 1988 to *** showed that the water conservation capacity in QMNP has increased over the past 32 years,reaching a peak of 6.495×108 m3 in *** area with an increased water conservation capacity is 12 times larger than the area with a reduced *** also examined how climatic,land-use,vegetation coverage,and topographical factors influence water conservation *** found that precipitation is the main climatic factor in water *** water conservation function also varies with land-cover type,with forests having the highest capacity,followed by ***,topographical factors,including altitude and slope,also shape the spatial patterns of water conservation functions in QMNP.

关键词： Water conservation function Ecosystem services InVEST model Qilian Mountain National Park Northwest China

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Ocular manifestations of central insulin resistance

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第5期18卷 1139-1146页

作者： Muneeb A.Faiq Trina Sengupta Madhu Nath Thirumurthy Velpandian Daman Saluja Rima Dada Tanuj Dada kevin C.Chan Dr.Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia Neuroimaging and Visual Science Laboratory Department of OphthalmologyNYU Grossman School of MedicineNYU Langone HealthNew York UniversityNew YorkNYUSA Medical Biotechnology Laboratory Dr.B.R.Ambedkar Center for Biomedical ResearchUniversity of DelhiDelhiIndia Dr.Baldev Singh Sleep Laboratory Department of PhysiologyAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia Department of Ocular Pharmacology Dr.Rajendra Prasad Center for Ophthalmic SciencesAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia Laboratory for Molecular Reproduction and Genetics Department of AnatomyAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia

Central insulin resistance, the diminished cellular sensitivity to insulin in the brain, has been implicated in diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer’s disease and other neurological disorders. However, whether and how central insulin resistance plays a role in the eye remains unclear. Here, we performed intracerebroventricular injection of S961, a potent and specific blocker of insulin receptor in adult Wistar rats to test if central insulin resistance leads to pathological changes in ocular structures. 80 mg of S961 was stereotaxically injected into the lateral ventricle of the experimental group twice at 7 days apart, whereas buffer solution was injected to the sham control group. Blood samples, intraocular pressure, trabecular meshwork morphology, ciliary body markers, retinal and optic nerve integrity, and whole genome expression patterns were then evaluated. While neither blood glucose nor serum insulin level was significantly altered in the experimental or control group, we found that injection of S961 but not buffer solution significantly increased intraocular pressure at 14 and 24 days after first injection, along with reduced porosity and aquaporin 4 expression in the trabecular meshwork, and increased tumor necrosis factor α and aquaporin 4 expression in the ciliary body. In the retina, cell density and insulin receptor expression decreased in the retinal ganglion cell layer upon S961 injection. Fundus photography revealed peripapillary atrophy with vascular dysregulation in the experimental group. These retinal changes were accompanied by upregulation of pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic genes, downregulation of anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and neurotrophic genes, as well as dysregulation of genes involved in insulin signaling. Optic nerve histology indicated microglial activation and changes in the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein, tumor necrosis factor α, and aquaporin 4. Molecular pathway architecture of the retina revealed the three most s

关键词： brain ciliary bodies gene expression inflammation insulin receptor insulin resistance intraocular pressure neurodegeneration optic nerve retina retinal ganglion cells trabecular meshwork

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Unconventional routes to developing insect-resistant crops

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Molecular Plant 2021年第9期14卷 1439-1453页

作者： Laramy Enders kevin Begcy Purdue University Department of EntomologyWest LafayetteIN 47907USA University of Florida Environmental Horticulture DepartmentGainesvilleFL 32611USA

Concerns over widespread use of insecticides and heightened insect pest virulence under climate change continue to fuel the need for environmentally safe and sustainable control strategies. However, to develop such strategies, a better understanding of the molecular basis of plant-pest interactions is still needed. Despite decades of research investigating plant-insect interactions, few examples exist where underlying molecular mechanisms are well characterized, and even rarer are cases where this knowledge has been successfully applied to manage harmful agricultural pests. Consequently, the field appears to be static, urgently needing shifts in approaches to identify novel mechanisms by which insects colonize plants and plants avoid insect pressure. In this perspective, we outline necessary steps for advancing holistic methodologies that capture complex plant-insect molecular interactions. We highlight novel and underexploited approaches in plant-insect interaction research as essential routes to translate knowledge of underlying molecular mechanisms into durable pest control strategies, including embracing microbial partnerships, identifying what makes a plant an unsuitable host, capitalizing on tolerance of insect damage, and learning from cases where crop domestication and agronomic practices enhance pest virulence.

关键词： insects plants compatible and incompatible interaction host and non-host plant resista nee

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