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Resident and migratory adipose immune cells control systemic metabolism and thermogenesis

Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2022年第3期19卷 421-431页

作者： kevin man Axel Kallies Ajithkumar Vasanthakumar Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity MelbourneVICAustralia Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute MelbourneVICAustralia

Glucose is a vital source of energy for all mammals.The balance between glucose uptake,metabolism and storage determines the energy status of an individual,and perturbations in this balance can lead to metabolic diseases.The maintenance of organismal glucose metabolism is a complex process that involves multiple tissues,including adipose tissue,which is an endocrine and energy storage organ that is critical for the regulation of systemic metabolism.Adipose tissue consists of an array of different cell types,including specialized adipocytes and stromal and endothelial cells.In addition,adipose tissue harbors a wide range of immune cells that play vital roles in adipose tissue homeostasis and function.These cells contribute to the regulation of systemic metabolism by modulating the inflammatory tone of adipose tissue,which is directly linked to insulin sensitivity and signaling.Furthermore,these cells affect the control of thermogenesis.While lean adipose tissue is rich in type 2 and anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10,obesity tips the balance in favor of a proinflammatory milieu,leading to the development of insulin resistance and the dysregulation of systemic metabolism.Notably,anti-inflammatory immune cells,including regulatory T cells and innate lymphocytes,protect against insulin resistance and have the characteristics of tissue-resident cells,while proinflammatory immune cells are recruited from the circulation to obese adipose tissue.Here,we review the key findings that have shaped our understanding of how immune cells regulate adipose tissue homeostasis to control organismal metabolism.

关键词： adipose tissue immune cells metabolism

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Indications of pro-inflammatory cytokines in laparoscopic and open liver resection for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2024年第3期23卷 257-264页

作者： kevin Tak-Pan Ng Li Pang Jia-Qi Wang Wong Hoi She Simon Hing-Yin Tsang Chung Mau Lo Kwan man Tan To Cheung Department of Surgery HKU-SZH&School of Clinical MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina State Key Laboratory of Liver Research The University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Background:Our clinical practice of laparoscopic liver resection(LLR)had achieved better short-term and long-term benefits for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)over open liver resection(OLR),but the underlying mechanisms are not clear.This study was to find out whether systemic inflammation plays an important role.Methods:A total of 103 patients with early-stage HCC under liver resection were enrolled(LLR group,n=53;OLR group,n=50).The expression of 9 inflammatory cytokines in patients at preoperation,postoperative day 1(POD1)and POD7 was quantified by Luminex Multiplex assay.The relationships of the cytokines and the postoperative outcomes were compared between LLR and OLR.Results:Seven of the circulating cytokines were found to be significantly upregulated on POD1 after LLR or OLR compared to their preoperative levels.Compared to OLR,the POD1 levels of granulocytemacrophage colony-stimulating factor(GM-CSF),interleukin-6(IL-6),IL-8,and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1)in the LLR group were significantly lower.Higher POD1 levels of these cytokines were significantly correlated with longer operative time and higher volume of blood loss during operation.The levels of these cytokines were positively associated with postoperative liver injury,and the length of hospital stay.Importantly,a high level of IL-6 at POD1 was a risk factor for HCC recurrence and poor disease-free survival after liver resection.Conclusions:Significantly lower level of GM-CSF,IL-6,IL-8,and MCP-1 after liver resection represented a milder systemic inflammation which might be an important mechanism to offer better short-term and long-term outcomes in LLR over OLR.

关键词： Laparoscopic liver resection Open liver resection Hepatocellular carcinoma Postoperative cytokines Inflammatory responses

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Correction: Resident and migratory adipose immune cells control systemic metabolism and thermogenesis

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2022年第4期19卷 554-554页

作者： kevin man Axel Kallies Ajithkumar Vasanthakumar Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Melbourne VIC Australia Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute Melbourne VIC Australia

Correction to:Cellular&Molecular Immunology https://***/10.1038/s41423-021-00804-7,published online 26 November 2021 The article Resident and migratory adipose immune cells control systemic metabolism and thermogenesis,written by kevin man,Axel Kallies and Ajithkumar Vasanthakumar was originally published electronically on the publisher’s internet portal on 24.11.2021 without open access.

关键词： internet portal online

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An unsupervised learning approach to study synchroneity of past events in the South China Sea

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2019年第3期13卷 628-640页

作者： kevin C. Tse Hon-Chim Chiu man-Yin Tsang Yiliang Li Edmund Y. Lam Department of Earth Sciences The University of Hong KongPokfulamHong KongChina Department of Geography and Centre for Geo-computation Studies Hong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon TongHong KongChina Department of Earth Sciences University of TorontoCanada Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Hong KongPokfulamHong KongChina

Unsupervised machine learning methods were applied on multivariate geophysical and geochemical datasets of ocean floor sediment cores collected from the South China Sea. The well-preserved and continuous core samples comprising high resolution Cenozoic sediment records enable scientists to carry out paleoenvironment studies in detail. Bayesian age-depth chronological models constructed from biostratigraphic control points for the drilling sites are applied on cluster boundaries generated from two popular unsupervised learning methods: K-means and random forest. The unsupervised learning methods experimented have produced compact and unambiguous clusters from the datasets, indicating that previously unknown data patterns can be revealed when all variables from the datasets are taken into account simultaneously. A study of synchroneity of past events represented by the cluster boundaries across geographically separated ocean drilling sites is achieved through converting the fixed depths of cluster boundaries into chronological ranges represented by Gaussian density plots which are then compared with known past events in the region. A Gaussian density peak at around 7.2 Ma has been identified from results of all three sites and it is suggested to coincide with the initiation of the East Asian monsoon. Contrary to traditional statistical approach, a priori assumptions are not required for unsupervised learning, and the clustering results serve as a novel data-driven proxy for studying the complex and dynamic processes of the paleoenvironment surrounding the ocean sediment. This work serves as a pioneering approach to extract valuable information of regional events and opens up a systematic and objective way to study the vast global ocean sediment datasets.

关键词： machine learning ocean sediments unsupervised classification

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Unsupervised learning on scientific ocean drilling datasets from the South China Sea

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2019年第1期13卷 180-190页

作者： kevin C.TSE Hon-Chim CHIU man-Yin TSANG Yiliang LI Edmund Y.LAM Department of Earth Sciences The University of Hong KongPokfulamHong KongChina Department of Geography and Centre for Geo-computation Studies Hong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon TongHong KongChina Department of Earth Sciences University of TorontoTorontoON M5S 2M8Canada Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Hong KongPokfulamHong KongChina

Unsupervised learning methods were applied to explore data patterns in multivariate geophysical datasets collected from ocean floor sediment core samples coming from scientific ocean drilling in the South China Sea.Compared to studies on similar datasets,but using supervised learning methods which are designed to make predictions based on sample training data,unsupervised learning methods require no a priori information and focus only on the input data.In this study,popular unsupervised learning methods including K-means,self-organizing maps,hierarchical clustering and random forest were coupled with different distance metrics to form exploratory data clusters.The resulting data clusters were externally validated with lithologic units and geologic time scales assigned to the datasets by conventional methods. Compact and connected data clusters displayed varying degrees of correspondence with existing classification by lithologic units and geologic time scales.K-means and self-organizing maps were observed to perform better with lithologic units while random forest corresponded best with geologic time scales.This study sets a pioneering example of how unsupervised machine learning methods can be used as an automatic processing tool for the increasingly high volume of scientific ocean drilling data.

关键词： machine learning unsupervised learning ODP IODP clustering

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Innate recognition of Toxoplasma gondii in humans involves a mechanism distinct from that utilized by rodents

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2017年第1期14卷 36-42页

作者： Alan Sher kevin Tosh Dragana Jankovic Immunobiology Section Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD 20892 USA

Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular protozoan parasite that infects rodents as part of its natural transmission cycle and induces disease in humans, an end-stage host. As one of the natural hosts of T. gondii, the mouse has been used extensively for elucidating the cellular and molecular basis of immunity to this pathogen while relatively few studies have focused on the response of humans. In our recent work, we identified CD16^＋ monocytes and DC1 dendritic cells as the major myeloid cell populations that respond to T. gondii in human peripheral blood. Interestingly, these myeloid subsets represent the opposite counterparts from those triggered by the parasite in mice. Moreover, whereas the innate cytokine response to T. gondii in the mouse involves stimulation of Toll-like receptors by a soluble parasite ligand, the response of human cells instead requires phagocytosis of the live pathogen. We speculate that these marked distinctions in the pathways utilized for innate recognition of toxoplasma in mouse and man reflect the differing roles of the two hosts in the biology of this parasite.

关键词： human innate immunity mouse phagocytosis Toxoplasma gondii

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基于磁放大器的新型可调电抗器的应用

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浙江大学学报（工学版） 2014年第4期48卷 589-593,599页

作者：林克曼 TOMSOVIC kevin 万秋兰东南大学电气工程学院江苏南京210018 University of Tennessee EECS

针对可控串联补偿问题,由于电力电子装置造价高昂,结构复杂,研究基于直流磁控可调电抗器的新型磁放大器.与现有的直流磁控可调电抗器相比,结构简单,响应速度快,电抗值线性可调.分析该磁放大器的运行原理,建立磁放大器控制模型,探讨该装... 详细信息

针对可控串联补偿问题,由于电力电子装置造价高昂,结构复杂,研究基于直流磁控可调电抗器的新型磁放大器.与现有的直流磁控可调电抗器相比,结构简单,响应速度快,电抗值线性可调.分析该磁放大器的运行原理,建立磁放大器控制模型,探讨该装置在抑制电力系统低频振荡中的应用.通过对发电机和磁控放大器的动态建模,计算获得控制器参数,应用电磁暂态仿真软件(PSCAD)验证了新型磁放大器抑制和缓解低频振荡的有效性.

关键词：磁放大器可调电抗器低频振荡

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Optimising Body Layout Design of Limbed Machines

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2007年第2期4卷 117-122页

作者： Shu-jun Zhang Jin Tong kevin Hapeshi Dong-hui Chen Computing Department Gloucestershire University Cheltenham GL50 2HR UK Key Laboratory of Terrain-Machine Bionics Engineering （Ministry of Education China） Jilin University Changchun 130022 P. R. China

This paper presents our efforts to explain why mammals have large thigh muscles while insects have small ones. After a discussion of this observation a definition of body foot ratio is defined which describes how animals stand and how their legs are arranged. To investigate the mechanics, we present a closed optimum solution of the body foot ratio for a 2D two-leg walking machine. A multi-walker is used as a case for 3D general analysis, and the numerical simulation is presented. Both 2D and 3D case studies can explain the above observations of mammals and insects. These findings can also be used as a guide for the design of man-made limbed machines.

关键词： bio-inspiration body design walking machine limbed machine

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INHIBITOR AGAINST THE HUman IMMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS IN AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF ALTERNANTHERA PHILOXEROIDES

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CHINESE MEDICAL JOURNAL 1988年第11期101卷 861-870页

作者： Zhang Si-man(R. Shihman Chang) He Yong-sheng Hani D. Tabba kevin M. Smith DepartmentsofMedical MicrobiologyandChemistry UniversityofCalifornia Davis CA95616

Aqueous extracts of Alternanthera philoxeroides (Kong Xin Lia 空心莲子草) inhibited the growth of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in vitro at concentration non-toxic to the host cell. The minimal inhibitory concentration was 1.8 mg/ml and the sub-toxic concentration, 29 mg/ml. At 15 mg/ml, the extract was non-inhibitory to HIV reverse transcriptase; but at 60 and 120 mg/ml, it inhibited the reverse transcriptase activity by 50% and 95%. At the subtoxic but not at the minimal inhibitory concentration, the extract inhibited HIV induced cell fusion. Interferon-inducer could not be demonstrated in the extract. The extract destroyed partially the infectivity of extracellular virions of the human immunodeficiency herpes simplex, and respiratory syncytial viruses but had no effect on the vesicular stomatitis, polio and adeno virions. It was also inhibitory to the growth of the herpes simplex and respiratory syncytial but not to the growth of the vesicular stomatitis, adeno and polio viruses. Chemical studies indicated that the active anti HIV component was heatstable, water soluble and non-dialyzable. The extract had a pH of 5.6; had no aromatic ring CH absorption by infrared spectroscopy; and, had no aromatic protons characteristic of phenols but abundant polyhydroxylated compounds by nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. These chemical data indicated that the anti-HIV component was not a polyphenolic compound but might be a partially sulfonated polysaccharide.

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Identification and initial characterization of the 3＇ end of gene transcripts encoding putative members of the pheromone receptor subfamily in Lepidoptera

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Insect Science 2012年第1期19卷 64-74页

作者： Stephen F. Garczynski kevin W. Wanner Thomas R. Unruh USDA-ARS Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory Wapato Washington Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology Montana State University Bozeman Montana USA

Semiochemicals, including pheromones and kairomones, used in pest man- agement programs reduce the need for chemical insecticides, and understanding their interactions with their membrane receptors may help make them more effective in the field. Identification of odorant receptors in the Lepidoptera has mainly been achieved us- ing bioinformatics to search DNA sequences generated by genome or expressed sequence tag （EST） sequencing projects. This study reports a rapid method to identify members of the pheromone receptor subfamily in Lepidoptera. Degenerate oligonucleotide primers were designed against a conserved amino acid sequence in the carboxyl terminus of known lepidopteran pheromone receptors, and the primers were used in a 3＇ rapid amplifica- tion of complementary DNA （cDNA） ends procedure. Polymerase chain reaction products generated from seven different lepidopteran species were TA cloned and sequenced. The cDNA sequences of 25 transcripts were determined to encode potential members of the pheromone receptor subfamily. These cDNAs ranged from 238 to 642 bp and encoded 49-54 amino acids of the carboxyl terminus. Analysis of the 3＇ untranslated region reveals that most of the transcripts contain multiple polyadenylation signal sequences, and in the case ofmanduca sexta, an alternate polyadenylation signal appears to be used in transcript processing. The 3＇ untranslated region was also useful in determining unique receptors en- coded by transcripts having highly similar nucleotide and amino acid sequences. Overall, this technique provides a complementary method of pheromone receptor identification in EST sequencing projects, or can be used as a stand-alone method in conjunction with 5＇ rapid amplification of cDNA ends procedures.

关键词： degenerate primer PCR odorant receptor pheromone receptor polyadeny- lation signals 3＇ untranslated region

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